• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2008

The pulsatile flow of blood through a stenosed artery under the influence of external periodic body acceleration is studied. The effect of non-Newtonian nature of blood in small blood vessels has been taken into account by modeling blood as a Casson fluid. The non-linear coupled equations governing the flow are solved using perturbation analysis assuming that the Womersley frequency parameter is small which is valid for physiological situations in small blood vessels. The effect of pulsatility, stenosis, body acceleration, yield stress of the fluid and pressure gradient on the yield plane locations, velocity distribution, flow rate, shear stress and frictional resistance are investigated. It is noticed that the effect of yield stress and stenosis is to reduce flow rate and increase flow resistance. The impact of body acceleration is to enhance the flow rate and reduces resistance to flow.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.339-365
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• 2011

Charlotte $Bront{\ddot{e}}^{\prime}s$ novel Jane Eyre has long been doted on as one of the canonized texts of British literature since its publication. Seemingly, this romantic novel has nothing to do with plantation based on slave trade. However, paying a keen attention to the fact that Jane's enormous inheritance results from wine plantation at a colony, this essay re-interprets Bertha's drinking and madness as evidence of imperialism. For the porter/jin Bertha and Grace Poole enjoy might have some suspicious connection with wine, the very root of Jane's great expectations. Jean Ryes' Wide Sargasso Sea, writing Jane Eyre back, records Bertha as "a white resident of the West Indies, a colonizer of European descent" (326). However, Jane Eyre, in my interpretation, describes Bertha pretty much as a black Creole. At any rate, the view that the white West Indians are tainted by miscegenation proves contemporary racism and is reflected in the text through Bertha and her mother's intemperate drinking and madness. Drinking and madness are stigmatized as the evidence of the so-called "bad blood"; embodying the stereotypes of drinking, madness, and sexual corruption, Creoles, the very inescapable product of imperialism, provide a convenient excuse for justifying imperialism for purity, civilization, and moral cleanness. In this way, Jane Eyre needs to be re-interpreted politically and historically in the context of colonialism. British imperialism pursues a tremendous amount of profits through grape plantation and wine trades; however, it cleverly leaves in the colony the associated images such as intemperate drinking and madness. Bertha, transferred from Jamaica to Britain, takes in these negative images of "savageness." Transcending the narrow confines of feminist criticism obsessed with doubling between Bertha and Jane, this essay, accordingly, reads Bertha the prisoner in the attic as the captive for perpetuating imperialism. This reading hinges upon interpreting Rochester and St John as colonizers bearing the so-called "white men's burden" to cultivate and civilize savages much like crops such as grapes and sugarcane in the colonial plantation.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제35권3_4호
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• pp.241-260
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• 2017

An analysis is made to study the solute transport in a Casson fluid flow through an annulus in presence of oscillatory flow field and determine how this flow influence the solute dispersion along the annular region. Axial dispersion coefficient and the mean concentration expressions are calculated using the generalized dispersion model. Dispersion coefficient in oscillatory flow is found to be a function of frequency parameter, Schmidt number, and the pressure fluctuation component besides its dependency on yield stress of the fluid, annular gap and time in the case of steady flow. Due to the oscillatory nature of the flow, the dispersion coefficient changes cyclically and the amplitude and magnitude of the dispersion increases initially with time and reaches a non - transient state after a certain critical time. This critical value varies with frequency parameter and independent of the other parameters. It is found that the presence of inner cylinder and increase in the size of the inner cylinder inhibits the dispersion process. This model may be used in understanding the dispersion phenomenon in cardiovascular flows and in particular in catheterized arteries.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2016

We propose a mechanism for monitoring load in quality of service (QoS)-enabled wireless networks and show how it can be used for network management as well as for dynamic pricing. Mobile network traffic, especially video, has grown exponentially over the last few years and it is anticipated that this trend will continue into the future. Driving factors include the availability of new affordable, smart devices, such as smart-phones and tablets, together with the expectation of high quality user experience for video as one would obtain at home. Although new technologies such as long term evolution (LTE) are expected to help satisfy this demand, the fact is that several other mechanisms will be needed to manage overload and congestion in the network. Therefore, the efficient management of the expected huge data traffic demands is critical if operators are to maintain acceptable service quality while making a profit. In the current work, we address this issue by first investigating how the network load can be accurately monitored and then we show how this load metric can then be used to provide creative pricing plans. In addition, we describe its applications to features like traffic offloading and user satisfaction tracking.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4733-4738
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• 2012

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the percentage of annual income used to purchase tobacco-related products and treat tobacco-related illnesses, and assess the characteristics of smokers and their awareness of the health-related risks of smoking. Method: Stratified and snowball sampling methods were used to obtain information (via a 17-item, close-ended questionnaire) from 85 adult respondents (49 males and 36 females). The instrument comprised of demographic characteristics, smoking behavioural/lifestyle, health, and micro socio-economics. Results: There were no significant differences between individuals who were affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) (14.1%) and cardiovascular disease (18.8%). It was found that respondents spend 30-39% of their annual income on tobacco-related products. Forty percent (40.0%) and 41.7% of respondents with lung cancer and COPD respectively spend more than 50% of their annual income to treat these diseases. The majority (80%) of those who continues to consume tobacco-related products were uncertain as to why they were doing it. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents who had tobacco-related illnesses such as lung cancer and COPD spend a significant amount of their income on their health care. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. This suggests the need for increase public awareness where both smokers and non smokers are being fully or adequately informed about the dangers or health risks of tobacco consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to analyze post-weaning reproductive performance of Large White sows in relation to season, parity and their lactation performance under tropical conditions in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, $16^{\circ}$ Lat. N, $61^{\circ}$ Long. W.). This work was based on data recorded in the experimental unit of INRA from January 1993 to December 2003. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic parameters recorded continuously in a station close to the experimental unit. Mean ambient temperature was higher during the hot season than the warm season ($26^{\circ}C$ vs. $24^{\circ}C$) but relative humidity was comparable for both seasons (i.e. 87% on average). Season had a significant effect on all reproductive parameters analyzed. Primiparous sows weaned in the hot season had a higher probability of a prolonged weaning to estrus interval, WEI (odds ratio was 4.1; p<0.01) but multiparous sows were not affected. A higher probability of a prolonged weaning to conception interval, WCI (odds ratio >2.5, p<0.01) and a lower subsequent farrowing rate (-10%, p<0.01) were found for sows weaned in the hot season. A higher daily feed intake during lactation reduced the probability of a prolonged WEI (p<0.05). Body weight and average back-fat thickness at farrowing affected WEI and WCI (p<0.05), whereas body weight and average backfat thickness change in lactation did not. This study confirms the negative effects of the hot season on primiparous reproductive performance. It also indicates that lactation performance influences sow non-productive period.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2003

The mechanism of the decomposition of a bronchodilator, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) by a bronchoconstrictor, aqueous sulfite, has been investigated in detail. The decomposition was studied using a conventional spectrophotometer at 336 nm over the ranges: 0.010 ≤ $[S^{IV}]_T$ ≤ 0.045 mol $dm^{-3}$, 3.96 ≤ pH ≤ 6.80 and 15.0 ≤ θ≤ 30.0 ℃, 0.60 ≤ I ≤ 1.00 mol $dm^{-3}$, and at ionic strength 1.00 mol $dm^{-3}$ (NaCl). The rate of reaction is dependent on the total sulfite concentration and pH in a complex manner, i.e., $k_{obs}\;=\;k_1K_2[S^{IV}]_T/ ([H^+]\;+\;K_2)$. At 25.0 ℃, the second order rate constant, $k_1$, was determined as $12.5\;{\pm}\;0.15\;mol^{-1}\;dm^3\;s^{-1}$. ${\Delta}H^{neq}\;=\;+32\;{\pm}\;3 kJ\;mol^{-1}\;and\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}\;=\;-138\;{\pm}\;13\;J\;mol^{-1}K^{-1}$. The N-nitrosohydroxylamine-N-sulfonate ion was detected as an intermediate before the formation of any of the by-products, namely, N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine. The effect of concentration of aqueous copper(Ⅱ) ions on this reaction was also examined at pH 4.75, but there was no dependence on $[Cu^{2+}]$. In addition, the $pK_a$ of SNAP was determined as 3.51 ± 0.06 at 25.4 ℃ [I = 1.0 mol $dm^{-3}$ (NaCl)].

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.544-558
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• 1997

Black street style has made unique fashion in popular music such as Jazz, Soul, Rhythm Il Blues. Reggae, and Rap, and it is counterculture and subculture against white. Furthermore, the black street style has played a starring role in the development of white culture as well as black culture, which emerged in direct opposition to the dominant cultures practised by a fraction of fellow countrymen within the black diaspora. The objectives of this study are to examine the social chronology of the black street style and the contemporary fashion, and the influences of the black street style on white culture. The seeds of black's style were sown in the late forties, developing throughout the fifties with the arrival of black immigrants from the west Indies and its examples were zooties, hip cats 8l hipsters, modernists. Rude boy & two-tone was anti·fashion style in sixties and then rastafarians continued in seventies costume is used to convey an essential symbolic class and ethnic message. The latest black's street fashion is hip-hop dress, which is pluralistic and electric, and funk is also erratic. During its ten-year reign as an international style, it has undergone numerous shifts because it is decline of racism B-boy & flygirls toraggamuffins & bhangra style to acid Jazz. These have played a crucial part in influencing the gigh fashion and avant-grade fashion designers' work. Today's street fashion has characteristics of postmodern culture without a racism in global village. Moreover, pop music stars take an effect on the street style continuously. With the opening of a new century, the study of the street style will overcast popular fashion and suggest the direction of fashion design.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2023

The flow of an incompressible Ellis fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel, driven by peristaltic waves was studied under low Reynolds number and long wavelength assumptions. The wave on each side of the channel are assumed to be an infinite train of sinusoidal waves, both having the same constant wave speed and wavelength however, they vary in wave amplitude, channel half width and phase angle. We derived expressions for the axial and transverse velocities, volume flow rate, pressure rise per unit wavelength and streamlines. The effects of varying the wave amplitudes, the phase angle, the channel width, the angle of inclination of the channel as well as the fluid parameters on the flow were analyzed. Trapping conditions were determined and the presence of reflux highlighted using the streamlines for the necessary channel and fluid conditions. By varying the fluid parameters, changes in the fluid that deviated from the Newtonian case resulted in a reduction in the axial velocity in the neighborhood of the center of the channel and a simultaneous increase in the velocity at the periphery of the channel. A nonlinear relation was observed with the pressure rise and the volume flow rate. This nonlinear relation is more pronounced with an increase in the absolute value of the volume flow rate. For Newtonian fluids a linear relation exists between these two variables. The fluid parameters had little effects on the streamlines. However, variations of the wave amplitudes, volume flow, channel width and phase angle had greater effects on the streamlines and hence the trapped region.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.183-203
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• 2007

This study aims at providing useful fundamental information to re-establish the theories of modern fashion by examining the origination and genealogy of street style. The street styles focusing on caucasoid have a variety of genealogies such as western type, beat, teddy boy, hippie, skinhead, punk, neuron-mantic, indie kid, riot grrrl, grunge and techno cyber punk. In the same period, on the contrary, the streets styles focusing on negroid are zootie, hipster, modernist, rude boy, two-tone, rastafarian, funky, B-boy, fly girl, raggamuffine, bhangra, and acid jazz, which are seen as the culture of the large cities formed along Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean sea like England, America and Jamaica. These have root as the main fashion in western society. Ironically, most of the subculture concentrated on the whites were racists. Because of such a reason, the street styles have been formed as resistance culture that was unable to sympathize with their society and characteristics by distinguishing the whites and the colored people. Zootie or hipster that is one of the street fashion styles was formed in the 1940-50s, while the colored people who lived in the west Indies migrated to England or America. As a minimal modernist style called Ivy look in US, in that time, anti-culture formed by teenagers in whitey, teddy boy and mods fashion can be strictly different from the zootie and hipster. The colored people's street styles of the 1960s developed into aggressive and hard forms from the rude boy and two-tone while their resistance toward the whites was stronger. The rastafarian style researched the peak as the colored people's traditional ethnic characteristics or resistance intention for their freedom in the 1970s. In that time, The colored people's street styles of the 1960s developed into aggressive and hard forms from the rude boy and two-tone while their resistance toward the whites was stronger. The rastafarian style researched the peak as the colored people's traditional ethnic characteristics or resistance intention for their freedom in the 1970s. In that time, the street styles of the whites were mostly the skinhead or hippie. Most of them were racists toward the colored people. The punk type on shown on the whites focused on luxury and exaggerative costume. On the contrary, the funky style of the colored people focused on aggressive nihilism and form. With B-boy, fly girl, reggae, rap music, and break dancing in the 1980s, the subculture gradually told on the high fashion as well as the culture between the whites and the colored people. From such aspects, the colored people tried to maintain their unique traditional characteristics. However, their individual values surged by the coming young generation excluded the colored people's characteristic street styles. Focusing on gender, violence and private success among their major concerns, the raga muffin style that represents multi-races and multi-cultures was formed. The jazz style in the 1990s showed cold post-modernistic eclecticism different from that of the 1940s-50s. Simultaneously, the various classes appeared their street styles by emphasizing on each personality. Now that we are living in multi-cultural society, a human race or nationalism concept is getting obscurer. There is no obvious boundary line in the differences between human race and its fashion.