• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

The Earth's surface temperature still continues to rise, and extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, drought, and precipitation have been repeated every year. It is reported that international communities attribute the main cause of the Earth's surface temperature rise to the excessive use of the fossil energy. Recently, the damage caused by climate change is getting worse, and the place where we live is suffering the most. Cities have been continuously growing not only meeting the basic functions of human habitation, work and leisure but also being places for various economic and social activities. But Cities, the victims of climate change, have grown only considering human needs and convenience rather than predicting their physical and ecological systems(Albedo effects, urban microclimate, resources and energy of the circulatory system, etc). In other words, the cities offer the cause of the problems of climate change, and even worsen the extreme weather phenomena without coping with them. Therefore, it is urgent priorities to protect the climate, to prevent the causes of the extreme weather phenomena and to enhance the adaptive capacity for the worse weather events. This study is to derive the concept for adapting to these climate changes which can make cities escape from exposure to these climate change impacts and make themselves safer places to live. And it analyzes some European cities and present developing models to implement planning methods. In this study, the concept of the climate adaptive cities will be suggested to prepare the adaptation measures for urban planners, and climate change adaptation models will be presented by analyzing some preliminary cases.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2010

This paper aims to find out the statistical characteristics of the railroad accidents by weather phenomena. For this, It is investigated occurrence frequency of railroad accidents and operation obstacles from 1996 to 2008 in Korea using the KROIS data and Korea railroad accidents reports. The results are as follows; The occurrence frequency of railroad accidents and operation obstacles decrease gradually, and most of railroad accidents is a railroad traffic accidents. The amount of damages by a railroad weather-related accidents is higher than the one of the railroad accidents and operation obstacles. Weather events which is influenced the railroad weather-related accidents and incidents are rainfall, snowfall, lightning, strong winds. And they have occurred a railroad weather-related accidents and incidents, such as rail obstruction, signal failure, and power supply failure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2008

Though the investigation of the suggested references proverbs related weather were collected and considered the probability of the usage on science instruction. The results are as follows. 130 proverbs related to weather were collected through the investigation of the suggested references. Most of weather proverbs are based on the states of sky, clouds, wind, precipitation, actions of animal, states of plants and the condition of people in daily life. they were classified according to weather types, natural phenomena and seasons. According to the results of analysing the students' recognition and interests on weather proverbs, most of students heard weather proverbs in their elementary school years firstly through their parents, books, and teachers. However they have only heard a few. Also many students also tend to think weather proverbs have a scientific base because weather proverbs have been told by many people through the ancient time and correspond to their personal experiences. Students responded that weather proverbs are useful for science learning on weather and can teach heritage and wisdom. After reading the suggested weather proverbs, their interests on weather proverbs were increased more than before reading. This is one of reasons why weather proverbs can be introduced to science classes. Weather proverbs were considered related to science curriculum. The third grade has a Unit "Fine days and Cloudy days", the fifth grade, "Unit of Weather Change", the Sixth grade, "Unit of Weather Forecast" , the Ninth grade, "Unit of Water cycle and Weather Change" and the tenth grade has "Unit of Earth". So the author consider that weather proverb materials can be used so effectively to bring about interest and motive in science learning.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2019

High-quality and high-resolution meteorological information is essential to reduce damages due to disastrous weather phenomena such as flash flood, strong wind, and heat/cold waves. There are many meteorological observation stations operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). Nonetheless, they are still not enough to represent small-scale weather phenomena like convective storm cells due to its poor resolution, especially over urban areas with high-rise buildings and complex land use. In this study, feasibilities to use additional pre-existing networks (e.g., operated by local government and private company) are tested by investigating the effects of network density on the gridded horizontal distribution of two meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation). Two heat wave event days and two precipitation events are chosen, respectively. And the automatic weather station (AWS) networks operated by KMA, local-government, and SKTechX in Incheon area are used. It is found that as network density increases, correlation coefficients between the interpolated values with a horizontal resolution of 350 m and observed data also become large. The range of correlation coefficients with respect to the network density shows large in nighttime rather than in daytime for temperature. While, the range does not depend on the time of day, but on the precipitation type and horizontal distribution of convection cells. This study suggests that temperature and precipitation sensors should be added at points with large horizontal inhomogeneity of land use or topography to represent the horizontal features with a resolution higher than 350 m.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.202-211
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the Learning elements in 'Curriculum Reconstruction' of Elementary Pre-service Teachers in Connection with 'The weather and our daily life'. The pre-service teachers who participated in the study formed a research group of 29 students in 2nd grade who are attending the first semester of A university of education and taking courses in 'teaching research 1'. Participants described the learning topics and contents they would like to add to curriculum 'The weather and our daily life'. Each response was analyzed and classified based on scientific terms related to weather or climate. The results of the study were as follows. First, there were three learning topics related to weather, such as water phenomena in the atmosphere, fine dust and yellow dust phenomena, and light or electricity phenomena, and two topics related to climate such as abnormal climate and global warming. Second, interest in the problem of fine dust and yellow dust in the atmosphere was relatively high. Third, the interest in learning in the knowledge area was relatively higher than in the learning in the function or attitude area. Through these research results, it can be confirmed that it is necessary to develop a climate change or climate crisis education program.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

The climate of the $21^{st}$ century is likely to be significantly different from that of the 20th century because of human-induced climate change. An extreme weather event is defined as a climate phenomenon that has not been observed for the past 30 years and that may have occurred by climate change and climate variability. The abnormal climate change can induce natural disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, heavy snow, etc. How will the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events be affected by the global warming change in the $21^{st}$ century? This could be a quite interesting matter of concern to the hydrologists who will forecast the extreme weather events for preventing future natural disasters. In this study, we establish the extreme indices and analyze the trend of extreme weather events using extreme indices estimated from the observed data of 66 stations controlled by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in Korea. These analyses showed that spatially coherent and statistically significant changes in the extreme events of temperature and rainfall have occurred. Under the global climate change, Korea, unlike in the past, is now being affected by extreme weather events such as heavy rain and abnormal temperatures in addition to changes in climate phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-144
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• 1987

In cold season, ice accretion on ship, drift ice, NW winter monsoon, developed extratropical cyclones and associated cold fronts, in warm season, tropical cyclones and dense sea fogs, are encountered very frequently in the North Pacific, especially in the northwest part of it. The two areas, namely, the northwest part of the North Pacific and Burmuda Triangle in the North Atlantic are generally known as most dangerous areas in the world because its high incidence of sea cascualities. In recent years, the small fisherboats operating in the northern seas were frequently sunk in a group as they encountered ice accretion or drift ice. And ocean going vessels were also sunk frequently due to strong winds and very high seas in winter monsoon or developed cyclones and cold fronts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the real state of heavy weather conditions such as ice accretion on ship drift, ice, typhoons and sea fogs, and also to analyse the effect of these heavy weather phenomena on the vessels at sea, thus helping mariners operate in such heavy weather conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1345-1352
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• 2021

Most of weather radar systems are used to monitor the whole weather situation for the very wide and medium-to-long range area. However, as the likelihood of occurrence of the local weather hazards is increased in recent days, it is very important to detect these wether phenomena with a local weather radar. For this purpose, it is necessary to detect the fast varying low altitude weather conditions and the effect of the ground surface clutter is more evident. Therefore, in this paper, the newly suggested method is explained and analyzed for detection of weather hazards such as the gust and wind shear using the fluctuation of wind velocities and the gradient of wind velocities among range cells. It is shown that the suggested method can be used efficiently in the future for faster detection of weather change through the simple algorithm implementation and also the effect of the ground clutter can be minimized in the detection procedure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.32.3-32.3
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• 2008

Solar and Space Weather Research Group in Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute (KASI) has been funded for "Construction of Korean Space Weather Prediction Center" from Korean government. It has started since 2007 February and is planed as a 5-year project. The goal of this project is to develop a space weather warning and prediction system by the next solar maximum. KASI installed a magnetometer at Mt. Bohyun, which is about 200 km south-east apart from KASI, in 2007 September. After finishing test observations of the magnetometer for the period from September 2007 to January 2008, KASI has operated the magnetometer to monitor geomagnetic field variations associated with space weather effect. Ground-based magnetometers are critical for understanding geomagnetic disturbances in the near-Earth space environment, which are caused by solar wind variations. In this talk, we introduce science topics to be done with the data from KASI magnetometer and also discuss how they are related to space weather phenomena.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.539-551
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• 2021

In this paper, the weather records in 'Nanjung Ilgi' were investigated and the weather characteristics of the southern coast of Korea (SC_Korea) was discussed. The Nanjung Ilgi is a personal diary written by admiral Yi Sun-sin from January 1592 to November 1598 during the 7-year war caused by the Japanese invasion. He is a respected great leader in the history of world naval warfare, winning all 23 battles against the Japanese. Of the 1593 days of diaries currently preserved, only 42 days have no weather records. Weather was recorded in detail, including sky conditions, precipitation, wind characteristics and others. Weather records were extracted from the diary, converted to the solar calendar, and compared with the meteorological data of Yeosu. The average annual precipitation day is about 90 days, which is similar to the current 95~100 days. As in the current climate, precipitation frequently occurs for about 30 days in summer, but less than 15 days in other seasons, and the rainy season starts from June 14 to 21 and ends from July 6 to 17. It seems that the abnormal cold and heat phenomena, which deviate significantly from the seasonal average climate, occurred on 6 and 21 days, respectively, over 7 years. This means that the weather records of Nanjung Ilgi can be used as valuable data on the climate of SC_Korea in the late 16th century. The fact that he recorded the weather even in such extreme battle conditions shows that he clearly recognized the importance of weather in warfare.