• Title/Summary/Keyword: W/B

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The Geometry of the Space of Symmetric Bilinear Forms on ℝ2 with Octagonal Norm

  • Kim, Sung Guen
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.781-791
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    • 2016
  • Let $d_*(1,w)^2 ={\mathbb{R}}^2$ with the octagonal norm of weight w. It is the two dimensional real predual of Lorentz sequence space. In this paper we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$. We also show that the unit sphere of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$ is the disjoint union of the sets of smooth points, extreme points and the set A as follows: $$S_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}=smB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}extB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}A$$, where the set A consists of $ax_1x_2+by_1y_2+c(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)$ with (a = b = 0, $c={\pm}{\frac{1}{1+w^2}}$), ($a{\neq}b$, $ab{\geq}0$, c = 0), (a = b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$ < ${\mid}a{\mid}$), ($a{\neq}{\mid}c{\mid}$, a = -b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$), ($a={\frac{1-w}{1+w}}$, b = 0, $c={\frac{1}{1+w}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w+w(w^2-3)c}{1+w^2}}$, $b={\frac{w-1+(1-3w^2)c}{w(1+w^2)}}$, ${\frac{1}{2+2w}}$ < c < ${\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}}$, $c{\neq}{\frac{1}{1+2w-w^2}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{-1+(1+w)c}{w(1+w)}}$, 0 < c < $\frac{1}{2+2w}$) or ($a={\frac{1=w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{1-(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $\frac{1}{1+w}$ < c < $\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}$).

Effect of B and W Contents on Hardness of Electroless Co Alloy Thin Films (B와 W의 함량이 무전해 Co 합금 박막의 경도에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Lim, Taeho;Kim, Jae Jeong
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.56 no.6
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    • pp.895-900
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the electroless deposition of Co-B and Co-W-B alloy thin films was developed and the effect of B and W contents on the hardness of the alloy thin films were investigated. An amorphous Co alloy film was successfully formed by electroless deposition and the contents of B and W in the film were controlled by varying the concentrations of dimethylamine borane and sodium tungstate dihydrate, which were used as a reducing agent and W source, respectively. The hardness of the thin films increased as the contents of B and W were increased because B and W act as impurities suppressing the propagation of dislocation in a film. In addition, it was found that the content of B and W in the Co alloy films can be increased significantly when aeration is not performed. Finally, the hardness of Co-W-B alloy thin film was improved up to 8.9 (${\pm}0.3$) GPa.

ON CHARACTERIZATIONS OF PRÜFER v-MULTIPLICATION DOMAINS

  • Chang, Gyu Whan
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2010
  • Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K,$\mathcal{I}(D)$ be the set of nonzero ideals of D, and $w$ be the star-operation on D defined by $I_w=\{x{\in}K{\mid}xJ{\subseteq}I$ for some $J{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ such that J is finitely generated and $J^{-1}=D\}$. The D is called a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer $v$-multiplication domain if $(II^{-1})_w=D$ for all nonzero finitely generated ideals I of D. In this paper, we show that D is a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer $v$-multiplication domain if and only if $(A{\cap}(B+C))_w=((A{\cap}B)+(A{\cap}C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $(A(B{\cap}C))_w=(AB{\cap}AC)_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $((A+B)(A{\cap}B))_w=(AB)_w$ for all $A,B{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $((A+B):C)_w=((A:C)+(B:C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ with C finitely generated, if and only if $((a:b)+(b:a))_w=D$ for all nonzero $a,b{\in}D$, if and only if $(A:(B{\cap}C))_w=((A:B)+(A:C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ with B, C finitely generated.

The Fundamental Properties of High-Strength Concrete Using Pre-mixed Cement Corresponding to Water Binder Ratio (물 결합재비 변화에 따른 프리믹스 시멘트를 사용한 고강도 콘크리트의 기초적 특성)

  • Jin, Cheong-Ri;Han, Dong-Yeop;Kim, Ki-Hoon;Hwang, Yin-Seong;Kim, Sung-Su;Han, Cheon-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.369-372
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    • 2008
  • This study analysis fundamental properties of high-strength concrete corresponding to W/B ratio for suggested table of high strength concrete, mixed with premixed cement. As a result of this study, the amount of using air entraining and high-range water reducing agent for intended slump flow and air content decreased as W/B increased, and the setting time corresponding to the W/B ratio delayed as W/B ratio increased except 20% W/B ratio. The compressive strength according to W/B ratio decreased as W/B ratio increased, and there was no great deferent as the intended slump flow. Also it could possible to use this study at work as the correlation coefficient is high enough as 0.9646 substituting B/W and compressive strength for the regression formula.

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The Fundamental Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement (AASC) Mortar with Different Water-Binder Ratios and Fine Aggregate-Binder Ratios (물-결합재 비와 잔골재-결합재 비에 따른 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르의 기초특성)

  • Kim, Tae-Wan;Hahm, Hyung-Gil;Lee, Seong-Haeng;Eom, Jang-Sub
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2013
  • This study investigates the fundamental properties of the water-binder (W/B) ratio and fine aggregate-binder (F/B) ratio in the alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) mortar. The W/B ratios are 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50, respectively. And then the F/B ratios varied between 1.00 and 3.00 at a constant increment of 0.25. The alkali activator was an 2M and 4M NaOH. The measured mechanical properties were compared, flow, compressive strength, absorption, ultra sonic velocity, and dry shrinkage. The flow, compressive strength, absorption, ultra sonic velocity and dry shrinkage decreased with increases W/B ratio. The compressive strength decreases with increase F/B ratio at same W/B ratio. Also, at certain value of F/B ratio significant increase in strength is observed. And S2 (river sand 2) had lower physical properties than S1 (river sand 1) due to the fineness modulus. The results of experiments indicated that the mechanical properties of AASC depended on the W/B ratio and F/B ratio. The optimum range for W/B ratios and F/B ratios of AASC is suggested that the F/B ratios by 1.75~2.50 at each W/B ratios. Moreover, the W/(B+F) ratios between 0.13 and 0.14 had a beneficial effect on the design of AASC mortar.

Algebraic semantics for some weak Boolean logics

  • Yang, Eun-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Logic
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.1-30
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    • 2006
  • This paper investigates algebraic semantics for some weak Boolean (wB) logics, which may be regarded as left-continuous t-norm based logics (or monoidal t-norm based logics (MTLs)). We investigate as infinite-valued logics each of wB-LC and wB-sKD, and each corresponding first order extension $wB-LC\forall$ and $wB-sKD\forall$. We give algebraic completeness for each of them.

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THE REPRESENTATION AND PERTURBATION OF THE W-WEIGHTED DRAZIN INVERSE

  • Xu, Zhaoliang;Wang, Guorong
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.23 no.1_2
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    • pp.113-126
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    • 2007
  • Let A and E be $m{\times}n$ matrices and W an $n{\times}m$ matrix, and let $A_{d,w}$ denote the W-weighted Drazin inverse of A. In this paper, a new representation of the W-weighted Drazin inverse of A is given. Some new properties for the W-weighted Drazin inverse $A_{d,w}\;and\;B_{d,w}$ are investigated, where B=A+E. In addition, the Banach-type perturbation theorem for the W-weighted Drazin inverse of A and B are established, and the perturbation bounds for ${\parallel}B_{d,w}{\parallel}\;and\;{\parallel}B_{d,w}-A_{d,w}{\parallel}/{\parallel}A_{d,w}{\parallel}$ are also presented. When A and B are square matrices and W is identity matrix, some known results in the literature related to the Drazin inverse and the group inverse are directly reduced by the results in this paper as special cases.

Characteristics and Thermal Stabilities of W-B-C-N Diffusion Barrier by Using the Incorporation of Boron Impurities (Boron 불순물에 의한 W-B-C-N 확산방지막의 특성 및 열적 안정성 연구)

  • Kim, Soo-In;Lee, Chang-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.32-35
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    • 2008
  • Thermally stable diffusion barrier of tungsten carbon nitride(W-C-N) and of tungsten boron carbon nitride(W-B-C-N) thin films have studied to investigate the impurity behaviors of boron and nitrogen. In this paper we newly deposited tungsten boron carbon nitride(W-B-C-N) thin film for various $W_2B$ target power on silicon substrate. The impurities of the 100nm-thick W-C-N and W-B-C-N thin films provide stuffing effect for preventing the inter-diffusion between W-C-N or W-B-C-N thin films and silicon during the high temperature($700^{\circ}C{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$) annealing process.

An Experimental Study on appropriate water-binder ratio for development of ultra high strength concrete (초고강도 콘크리트 개발을 위한 적정 물-결합재비 선정에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Jang, Jong-Min;Jang, Hyun-O;Lee, Han-Seung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2016.10a
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    • pp.79-80
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we measured the relative density and the compressive strength in order to select the appropriate W/ B for the ultra-high strength concrete development. If W/B is lowered than the W/B of highest relative density, it was confirmed that the strength is lowered. However, if water is increased than the W/B of highest relative density, the relative density is decreased compressive strength was similar. The selection of the W/B of the lower than the highest relative density is not appropriate. Appropriate W/B is selected to be more than the maximum relative density of W/B.

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TWO GENERALIZATIONS OF LCM-STABLE EXTENSIONS

  • Chang, Gyu Whan;Kim, Hwankoo;Lim, Jung Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.393-410
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    • 2013
  • Let $R{\subseteq}T$ be an extension of integral domains, X be an indeterminate over T, and R[X] and T[X] be polynomial rings. Then $R{\subseteq}T$ is said to be LCM-stable if $(aR{\cap}bR)T=aT{\cap}bT$ for all $0{\neq}a,b{\in}R$. Let $w_A$ be the so-called $w$-operation on an integral domain A. In this paper, we introduce the notions of $w(e)$- and $w$-LCM-stable extensions: (i) $R{\subseteq}T$ is $w(e)$-LCM-stable if $((aR{\cap}bR)T)_{w_T}=aT{\cap}bT$ for all $0{\neq}a,b{\in}R$ and (ii) $R{\subseteq}T$ is $w$-LCM-stable if $((aR{\cap}bR)T)_{w_R}=(aT{\cap}bT)_{w_R}$ for all $0{\neq}a,b{\in}R$. We prove that LCM-stable extensions are both $w(e)$-LCM-stable and $w$-LCM-stable. We also generalize some results on LCM-stable extensions. Among other things, we show that if R is a Krull domain (resp., $P{\upsilon}MD$), then $R{\subseteq}T$ is $w(e)$-LCM-stable (resp., $w$-LCM-stable) if and only if $R[X]{\subseteq}T[X]$ is $w(e)$-LCM-stable (resp., $w$-LCM-stable).