• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2007

The convergence of molecular and genetic disciplines with non-invasive imaging technologies has provided an opportunity for earlier detection of disease processes which begin with molecular and cellular abnormalities. This emerging field, known as molecular imaging, is a relatively new discipline that has been rapidly developed over the past decade. It endeavors to construct a visual representation, characterization, and quantification of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level within living organisms. One of the goals of molecular imaging is to translate our expanding knowledge of molecular biology and genomic sciences into good patient care. The practice of molecular imaging is still largely experimental, and only limited clinical success has been achieved. However, it is anticipated that molecular imaging will move increasingly out of the research laboratory and into the clinic over the next decade. Non-invasive in vivo molecular imaging makes use of nuclear, magnetic resonance, and in vivo optical imaging systems. Recently, an interest in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been revived, and along with optical imaging systems PET is assuming new, important roles in molecular genetic imaging studies. Current PET molecular imaging strategies mostly rely on the detection of probe accumulation directly related to the physiology or the level of reporter gene expression. PET imaging of both endogenous and exogenous gene expression can be achieved in animals using reporter constructs and radio-labeled probes. As increasing numbers of genetic markers become available for imaging targets, it is anticipated that a better understanding of genomics will contribute to the advancement of the molecular genetic imaging field. In this report, the principles of non-invasive molecular genetic imaging, its applications and future directions are discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.390-407
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• 2011

Three-dimensional (3D) video technologies are becoming increasingly popular, as it can provide users with high quality and immersive experiences. However, color inconsistency between the camera views is an urgent problem to be solved in multi-view imaging. In this paper, a perception-based color correction method for multi-view images is proposed. In the proposed method, human visual sensitivity (VS) and visual attention (VA) models are incorporated into the correction process. Firstly, the VS property is used to reduce the computational complexity by removing these visual insensitive regions. Secondly, the VA property is used to improve the perceptual quality of local VA regions by performing VA-dependent color correction. Experimental results show that compared with other color correction methods, the proposed method can greatly promote the perceptual quality of local VA regions greatly and reduce the computational complexity, and obtain higher coding performance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2020

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments, patients with ASD frequently manifest atypical sensory behaviors. Recently, atypical sensory perception in ASD has received much attention, yet little is known about its cause or neurobiology. Herein, we review the findings from neuroimaging studies related to visual perception in ASD. Specifically, we examined the neural underpinnings of visual detection, motion perception, and face processing in ASD. Results from neuroimaging studies indicate that atypical visual perception in ASD may be influenced by attention or higher order cognitive mechanisms, and atypical face perception may be affected by disrupted social brain network. However, there is considerable evidence for atypical early visual processing in ASD. It is likely that visual perceptual abnormalities are independent of deficits of social functions or cognition. Importantly, atypical visual perception in ASD may enhance difficulties in dealing with complex and subtle social stimuli, or improve outstanding abilities in certain fields in individuals with Savant syndrome. Thus, future research is required to elucidate the characteristics and neurobiology of autistic visual perception to effectively apply these findings in the interventions of ASD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1999

목적 : 뇌기능 영상을 이용하여 자극에 따른 시각영역, 운동영역 및 소뇌에서의 총활성화의 차이를 연구하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 건강한 5명의 피실험자를 대상으로 EP 기법을 이용하여 시각자극과 운동자극에 의한 피질활성화 검사를 시행하였다. 시각피질 활성화를 위해서는 LED 자극과 Checker-Board 자극을 각각 행하였고, 운동피질과 소뇌의 활성화를 위해서는 엄지손가락 운동과 네 손가락을 엄지 손가락과 순서대로 마주치게 하는 운동을 시행하였다. 각각의 자극은 60초의 휴식기, 120초의 자극기 및 운동기, 다시 60초의 휴식기로서 시행하였다. 데이터 처리는 cros-correlation 방법으로 통게처리 하였고, 적절한 문턱 값 이상을 가지는 화소를 활성화 화소로 정의하였다. 이 활성화 화소의 수와 신호변화율의 곱으로서 총활성화의 시간축 데이타를 완성하였다. 결과 : 시각피질에서의 총활성화는 Checker-Board 자극에 비해 LED 자극을 가했을 때 100% 이상 증가하였다. 엄지 손가락 운동에 비해 손가락 마주치기 운동을 시행했을 때 총활서와는 운동피질에서 100% 이상 증가하였고, 소뇌에서는 150% 이상 증가하였다. 결론 : 시각 및 운동자극의 변화에 따라 시각영역, 운동영역 및 소뇌에서의 총활성화가 차이를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

The purpose of this study evaluated the hemo-dynamic information within 30 seconds clinically in 3D breast MRI. From January to March 2014, A total of 40 people were examined at 1.5 Tesla(Philips, Medical System, Achieva, The Netherlands) MRI equipments using 16 channel SENSE breast coil. The imaging parameters on vibrant are fellow as: $TR/TE/FA^{\circ}$/Matrix size/Slice thickness/Slab($5ms/2ms/10^{\circ}/180{\times}139{\times}2mm/80$). This study used a Gadovist and injected it with injection speed of 4 ml /sec by auto injector with 15 ml saline flushing. Firstly, for the delay time study, it divided three different delay time from immediately, 20 seconds, and 30 seconds. In quantitative analysis, the ROI signal intensities of tumor and surrounding tissues were measured retrospectively. In qualitative analysis, the image quality was scored from 1 to 5 point by one experienced radiological technologists as a visual test. The significance level of each delay time was evaluated with a one-way ANOVA(p<0.05). In the visual test, score levels on 30 seconds delay time was a little bit higher than others(p<0.05). The signal intensity of the tumor were $1445{\pm}360$, $1410{\pm}320$, $1510{\pm}415$ on immediately, 20 seconds, and 30 seconds and score levels were $4.18{\pm}0.85$, $3.54{\pm}0.94$, $4.45{\pm}0.74$(p<0.05). The data on immediate images showed better results than that others(p<0.05). Conclusively, Although it has been high scored in 30sec delay time for visual test in order to avoid failure in 20second, 30seconds delay time after contrast media administration, we recommend that the DCE 3D breast MRI commence immediately.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the grade of fatty degeneration and atrophy of rotator cuffs on immediate postoperative MRI to those on preoperative MRI in patients with rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients were included in this study, who received arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair and underwent both preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immediate postoperative MRI in our institution. Fatty degeneration of rotator cuffs and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles were evaluated with T1 oblique sagittal images in the Y-shaped view. Fatty degeneration was evaluated using a Goutallier classification system, and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles was evaluated using a modified tangent sign and a visual occupation ratio. Results: From 70 patients, a total of 100 tendons were repaired: 18, 69, and 13 tendons were treated for subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus, respectively. The Goutallier grades (P = 0.012), modified tangent signs (P = 0.000), and visual occupation ratios (P = 0.000) of supraspinatus muscles were significantly decreased in immediate postoperative MRIs when compared to preoperative MRIs. In immediate postoperative MRIs, the Goutallier grades of supraspinatus muscles were decreased by one grade in 18.8% (n = 13) of the patients, and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles was improved by one grade in 26.1% (n = 18) for modified tangent signs and 21.7% (n = 15) for visual occupation ratios. However, fatty infiltration by the Goutallier grades of subscapularis (P = 1.000) and infraspinatus (P = 0.157) muscles were not significantly changed after arthroscopic surgery. Conclusion: Immediate postoperative MRIs showed a significant improvement of fatty degeneration and muscle atrophy in supraspinatus muscles when compared to preoperative MRIs.

• 치과방사선
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.407-410
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• 1999

Purpose; To find out the best imaging parameters for the diagnosis of disc in MRI imaging. Materials and methods; The diagnostic quality of the disc among the Tl, PD and T2 images of same patients02 joints, 223 images) was compared by visual(I-IV grades) and gray level measurement (pre- and infra-discal area) method. Results; PD images showed best results with 43.7％ of the images belonging to grade III (good) and with statistically significant higher difference of the gray levels at pre- and infra-discal areas. But there were no grade N (excellent) images. Conclusions; PD images are best method among Tl. PD and T2 images in diagnosing the disc but since there were no excellent images further imaging parameters should be studied for better images.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2007

The recent advances in digital imaging and computing technology have resulted in a rapid accumulation of digital media in the personal computing and entertainment industry. In addition, large collections of such data already exist in many scientific application domains such as the geographic information systems (GIS), digital library, trademark imaging, satellite imaging and medical imaging. Thus, the need for content-based retrieval from visual media, such as image and video data, is ever increasing rapidly in many applications.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.666-675
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• 2023

목적 지방간 환자에서 초음파 감쇠영상(attenuation imaging; 이하 ATI)의 감쇠계수(attenuation coefficient; 이하 AC)와 시각적 평가 사이의 상관관계 여부를 파악하고 혈액화학 및 CT 감쇠계수와 AC 사이의 상관관계 여부를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 본 후향적 연구에서는 2018년 4월부터 12월까지 ATI를 포함한 간초음파를 시행 받은 환자들 중 만성 간질환 및 간경화증을 제외한 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. AC와 초음파 시각적 평가, 혈액화학, 간 감쇠 및 간 대 비장 비율(liver to spleen ratio; 이하 L/S ratio) 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분산 분석을 통해 초음파 시각적 등급에 따른 AC 값을 비교하였다. 결과 총 161명의 환자가 포함되었다. 초음파 시각적 평가와 AC 사이의 상관 계수는 0.814였다(p < 0.001). 정상, 경도, 중등도, 고도 지방간의 AC 평균값은 각각 0.56, 0.66, 0.74, 0.85였다(p < 0.001). 알라닌 아미노전이효소는 AC와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r = 0.317, p < 0.001). 간 감쇠계수 및 L/S ratio와 AC 사이의 상관계수는 각각 -0.702 와 -0.626이었다(p < 0.001). 결론 초음파 시각적 평가와 AC는 강한 양의 상관관계 및 등급들 사이의 구별되는 AC 값을 보였고, CT 감쇠계수와 AC는 강한 음의 상관관계를 보였다.