• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.318-327
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• 1999

Oral medication is one of the most frequent treatment in clinical care. and frequently refused by children. Children's refusal spends unuseful time and require nurses'Patience. So this study was attempted to develop token economy Program which Promote children's medication. and to evaluate its' effect to construct the experimental ground. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects of this study were 48 children who were aged 3-12 years and admitted pediatric ward because of their respiratory disease. Token economy program was consisted of cartoon record paper with stickers which expresses the better medication is taken the more germs die, and gift was given for back up reinforcer. To evaluate this Program. time spent for oral medication was measured six time to both experimental group and control group. and measured the perceived effectiveness of this program by nurses. To determine the effect of the program, the data were analyzed by the SAS 6.12 Program with t-test and mean, standard deviation. The results of this study were as follows: 1 In experimental group, time spent for oral medication was significantly shorter than in control group(t=5.24. p=0.0001). Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was strongly accepted. 2. Nurses perceived this program as an effective one(mean=3.125～3.792). The effectiveness occurred before. during and after medication as well as in parental responses, especially in using verbal dissatisfaction after medication. In conclusion. it was found that the token economy program for admitted children was effective in inducing the children's behavior of oral medication. There was no effectiveness in very highly anxious children Whereas, it is recommended that this program should not be used for such children until they settle down. If the token economy program was made in various situation with creative thinking, it will be very useful nursing measurement, especially in caring for children. To improve the qualify of nursing care, the various programs, which can give joyfulness to stressed patients should be developed.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

Unlike other common forms of speech disorder, such as phonological disorder or dysphonia, stuttering has not been studied within the context of music therapy. Most cases of stuttering display no difficulty in singing, and fluency within the musical structure does not translate to fluency in speech. Hence, musical approach has been generally considered to be ineffective to the treatment of stuttering. However, the fundamentals of music therapy assume its extensive application in treating variety of speech disorders, including the case of stuttering. Presented in this paper are the case studies designed to validate the efficacy of music therapy as a remedy for stuttering. This study enrolled 6 children with stuttering and conducted 20 individual sessions over a period of 10 weeks. The sessions focused on the Melodic Intonation Therapy, Reinforcement of speech rhythm, song writing and singing. Musical elements were structured to enhance the verbal expression and rhythmic senses, as well as to facilitate the initiation of verbal communication. The result is as follows. First, it was noticed that the disfluency had been decreased in before and after of the music therapy in every child although the result was somewhat different depending the child. The overall result of the investigation shows the significant difference statistically. And categorically speaking, the significant difference was checked in the frequency of the stuttering. In the steps of the session, the increase and decrease was happened repeatedly, and then after it was decreased little by little. Secondly, the Communication Attitude was decreased in before and after of the music therapy, and also there was significant difference statistically. although the avoidance behavior was decreased in before and after of the music therapy, the increase and the decrease was repeated irregularly in the steps of session. All the results described above shows that music therapy gives positive effect to decrease in disfluency of stuttering child and also to develop the Communication Attitude. And new possibility and effectiveness can be proposed in the musical approach to the stuttering.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.233-242
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate communication efficacy of advertisement text through audience responses. This study approached qualitatively to KT&G TV commercials. The research proceeded as follows: First, as background theory, studies on audience focusing advertisement criticism and the interpretation of advertising texts were reviewed. Secondly, the characteristics of the audiences of the advertisements, analyzed through in-depth individual interviews as well as group interviews, were incorporated into a broad theme and then divided into different dimensions. Finally, the audiences' decoding code and critic reponses in reading ambiguous advertising texts, and the interrelationship between strategic ambiguity were discussed under a unified model. The major findings of this study are as follows: In interpreting the ambiguous advertising texts, the audiences use various decoding codes such as language, visuals, technology and rhetoric, and various critic responses such as linguistic, macroscopic, schematic, non-verbal and socio-cultural factors, in quite comprehensive manner. Also, it was shown that audiences make use of different decoding strategies in terms of their recognition, reliability, emotional attitude, and behavior. It can therefore be concluded that the strategic ambiguity has its limit in explaining its effectiveness in the entire dimensions of recognition, emotional attitude, and behavior, in the sense that the strategic ambiguity is most effective in recognition while it invokes more negativity in the behavioral dimension. Finally, this empirical study, focusing on qualitative analyses, may have its limit as well; however, deeper statistic-qualitative studies in the future could compensate for it.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-50
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• 2020

This case study explored changes in resilience of North Korean defector adolescents who underwent supportive music psychotherapy that included song discussion and song writing. Participants were three adolescents who escaped from North Korea. Sixty-minute sessions were conducted twice a week over four weeks for a total of seven sessions. The sessions were constructed to enhance hardiness and goal-directedness and used the process of discussing song lyrics, writing original lyrics, and composing music to help the participants strengthen their inner resources and identify healthier and more adaptive strategies for living in South Korea. The resilience scale measured at pre- and post-intervention showed that all participants increased their total scores and subscores related to hardiness and goal-directedness. Also, observation and analysis of their behavior, verbal responses, and lyric writing during the sessions revealed that the participants engaged more in the song-based music therapy process as the sessions went on and also expressed more positive perceptions of their ability to manage challenges and stress. These results indicate that active engagement in decision-making related to creating lyrics and composing music helped the North Korean defector adolescents to perceive themselves as capable of coping with stressful situations and independently solving problems, which are important for enhancing resilience.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

It is reported that self-help education is effective to increase self-efficacy for the patients with chronic illness. Also self-efficacy Is proved to be an Important variable to effect the physical and psychological health state. Based upon this theoretical framework, KRHPS (Korean Rheumatology Health Professions Society) has administered for 2 years the self-help education increasing self-efficacy for the patients with arthritis. The group had a weekly session for 6 weeks. During the session, self-efficacy was increased by 1) actually performing a behavior, 2) listening to other patients talking about a successful experience or seeing other patients performing a behavior, 3) Instructor's or another patient's verbal persuasion, and 4) physiological cues experienced by themselves. Every group had 4-15 participants and 2 instructors. Data were collected by self-administered questionaire for 211 out of 361 participants. One hundred and fifty two subjects were analyzed because of missing values. As a result, it was confirmed that self-help education was effective to increase self-efficacy and self-efficacy was an important variable to Improve pain, depression, and ADL. Also it may fairly be said that nurses were right health-professionals to lead self-help groups for the patients with chronic illness. So it is important to facilitate many other self-help education for the patients with chronic illness.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.869-881
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of violent experiences, the types of responses to violent experiences, the coping methods among nurses working in long-term care hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 226 nurses in 12 long-term care hospitals in J province. Data collection was performed between April 15, 2016 and April 29, 2016. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and ${\chi}2-test$. Of all the respondents, 55.8% had experienced violence in the past 1 year. Of the perpetrators of the violence, 54.6% and 60.0%, were aged 65 and over and had cognitive functional decline, respectively. The most frequent type of violence was verbal abuse(90.5%). Following the violent experiences, emotional responses had the highest score($2.8{\pm}0.8$). The major coping behavior was "told their peers(84.1%)", followed by "disregarded it and worked although it felt bad(75.4%)". These results indicate the need to establish systems for violence prevention and coping, as well as applicable educational programs, tailored to the circumstances of long-term care hospitals and the characteristics of their patients.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2005

Most of stroke patients have not only physical difficulty but speech and neurological disorder because of hemiplegia and such unexpected changes cause psychologic disadaptability and absent-mindedness. Particularly, lowering of physical ability can lead to serious emotional problem from failure or frustration in daily life. Generally, treatment of patient with stroke put emphasis on physical rehabilitation but actually this patient had considerable speech disorder such as aphasia or articulation disorder. Moreover, failing of recognition function, mental disorder as hypochondria, and even visual and auditory disorder are represented. So it is effective to integrate verbal remediation and other treatments in medical care environment. In particular, patients with language disorder very often wither psychologically therefore it is efficient to use of music therapy that gives opulent emotion to aphasia patients. And primarily to investigate the effects of 10 sessions treatments; change in spoken total number of syllables, to confirm their own value by success of given task and reassure about themselves ability. All of 10 sessions stages were scored by MIT manual and its improvement were measured, that is, accomplishment was analyzed within each level in order to prove detail change of spoken total number of syllables. The result of this program organized from 2 syllables to 4 syllables is summarized as follows. Subject A completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in seventh session and to Level IV in ninth session, and in 4 syllables case showed 8% low success rate in first session but after repeated practice increased considerably in sixth session and in advanced to Level III in eighth session to Level IV in tenth session. Subject B also completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in forth session and to Level IV in sixth session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, and in 4 syllables case showed 10% low success rate in first session and increased considerably in fifth session and in advanced to Level III in seventh session but could not reach to Level IV until tenth session. As a result, it was shown that music therapy using MIT was not statistically meaningful but improved spoken total number of syllables and success rate of task had improved as a whole. Therefore, music intervention using MIT it has positive affect on verbal ability of patients with Broca's Aphasia and their language rehabilitation.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

Tabletop games have been applied to improve the ability of social collaboration based on the characteristics that more than two people simultaneously interact on the tabletop. Especially, the tabletop games can be used as an educational tool for children with autism when it is implemented by considering educational and psychological models for children's behavioral characteristics. However, the previous collaborative games were designed for only disabled children so that it is hard to reflect cognitive and humanistic effects in inclusive education, where disabled children and non-disabled children interact in a same spatiotemporal environment. In this paper, therefore, we design a collaborative game on a multi-touch tabletop to enable spontaneous communication between disabled children and non-disabled children. Through user study, we evaluate the improvement in terms of the positive interaction and the degree of attention by comparing with a conventional collaborative game(e.g., a board game). We found that negative interaction including disabled children's abnormal behavior decreased and positive interaction such as body gestures and verbal communications increased. In addition, the tabletop game supported high immersiveness to all children by deriving equal level of attention time including individual and joint attention. We anticipate that the proposed game design can be utilized to develop collaborative contents for people with differences on sociality and cognitive ability.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the screening and its validation of children with language developmental delay in child care and education centers, the response of parents with children with language developmental delay and the assistance needs of child care and education teachers for those children. Teacher interview with semi-structural method, transcription and content analysis method were used. The subjects in this study were 13 teachers and 30 infants and toddlers with language developmental delay in 10 child care and education centers in Seoul. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the child care and education teachers screened children with language developmental delay in their classes based on their verbal characteristics and maladjusted behavior. Their screenings were turned out correct. Second, as for the response of parents, the parents who had children with language developmental delay were indifferent, were aware of the fact in advance or asked the teachers for counseling on their children's language developmental delay. Third, the teachers couldn't provide the appropriate supports for the children in needs. Fourth, regarding the assistance needs of the child care and education teachers, they called for assistance from specialists and professional institutions, and wanted to receive education on language development. Besides, they asked for relevant supporting materials and screening criteria, and considered it necessary to reduce the ratio of teacher to children.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress factors experienced by science teachers and stress related to science teaching. To do these, I have developed the Science Teacher Stress Inventory, which consisted of 50 stress factors with subcategories such as student characteristics, teacher characteristics, school environment, administrative procedures, and conditions of service. 104 science teachers have participated in this questionnaire survey. Additionally, I got 109 stress cases related to science teaching from surveys of 25 science teachers. Results are as follows: first, stress from students characteristic and administrative procedures are perceived as having more stress factors than teacher characteristics, school environment, and conditions of service. Second, stress in affective domains such as students' low motivation in science and insincere class attitude is perceived as having more stress factors than stress in cognitive domain. Third, female science teachers are significantly more stressed than male science teachers. Fourth, students' low motivation and low understanding in science learning are the most stressful factors in stress related to science teaching. Fifth, science teachers feel more stress in evaluation such as experiment test and joint-set exam questions.