Journal of Music and Human Behavior (인간행동과 음악연구)

Korean Music Therapy Education Association (한국음악치료교육학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Case Study on Song-Based Supportive Music Psychotherapy to Improve Resilience of North Korean Defector Adolescents

노래기반 지지적 음악심리치료를 통한 북한이탈청소년의 적응유연성 향상에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2020.03.31
  • Accepted : 2020.05.19
  • Published : 2020.05.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This case study explored changes in resilience of North Korean defector adolescents who underwent supportive music psychotherapy that included song discussion and song writing. Participants were three adolescents who escaped from North Korea. Sixty-minute sessions were conducted twice a week over four weeks for a total of seven sessions. The sessions were constructed to enhance hardiness and goal-directedness and used the process of discussing song lyrics, writing original lyrics, and composing music to help the participants strengthen their inner resources and identify healthier and more adaptive strategies for living in South Korea. The resilience scale measured at pre- and post-intervention showed that all participants increased their total scores and subscores related to hardiness and goal-directedness. Also, observation and analysis of their behavior, verbal responses, and lyric writing during the sessions revealed that the participants engaged more in the song-based music therapy process as the sessions went on and also expressed more positive perceptions of their ability to manage challenges and stress. These results indicate that active engagement in decision-making related to creating lyrics and composing music helped the North Korean defector adolescents to perceive themselves as capable of coping with stressful situations and independently solving problems, which are important for enhancing resilience.

본 연구는 노래기반 지지적 음악심리치료를 경험한 북한이탈청소년의 적응유연성 변화 및 그 내용을 탐구하기 위한 사례연구이다. 3명의 북한이탈청소년을 대상으로 주 2회, 회기 당 60분씩 총 7회기의 프로그램이 그룹세션으로 시행되었다. 노래기반 지지적 음악심리치료는 북한이탈청소년의 적응유연성의 내적 하위요인인 '강인성'과 '목표 의식' 강화를 목적으로 진행되었다. 참여자 변화 확인을 위해 사전·사후검사에 북한이탈청소년 적응유연성 척도를 사용하여 평가했다. 또한 적응유연성에 있어 경험된 내용을 분석하기 위해 중재 동안 나타난 참여자들의 음악적·비음악적 반응을 기록하고 탐색하였다. 연구 결과 참여자들의 적응유연성 점수는 모두 증가하였고, 중재 내에서 적응유연성과 관련한 참여자들의 긍정적인 음악적·비음악적 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 노래기반 지지적 접근의 음악심리치료가 북한이탈청소년이 지각하지 못했던 지지자원의 인식을 도움으로써 심리적 역량을 강화시키는 데에 긍정적으로 작용하였음을 의미하며, 궁극적으로 남한적응을 위한 적응유연성 향상에 도움이 되었다고 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, K. S. (2010). A study on the plan for supporting adolescents defecting from North Korean for their adjustment in South Korea society. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 17(4), 25-45.
  2. Baker, F. A. (2015a). Therapeutic songwriting: Developments in theory, methods, and practice. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  3. Baker, F. A. (2015b). What about the music? Music therapists' perspectives on the role of music in the therapeutic songwriting process. Psychology of Music, 43(1), 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735613498919
  4. Chong, H. J. (2011). Influence of music on human behavior. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  5. Davey, M., Eaker, D. G., & Walters, L. H. (2003). Resilience processes in adolescents: Personality profiles, self-worth, and coping. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18(4), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403018004002
  6. E-Nara Indicator (2019). Statistics of entry from North Korea. Retrieved from http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1694
  7. Goldstein, S., & Brooks, R. B. (2009). Handbook of resilience in children (H. S. Shin, Trans.). Seoul: Hakjisa. (Original work published 2006)
  8. Kang, S. J. (2009). Self-power program development to empower saeteomins (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hongik University, Seoul.
  9. Kim, E. J. (2019). Short-term song psychotherapy program for improving resilience of school maladjusted adolescents: A case study (Unpublished master's thesis). Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
  10. Kim, H. A., Cho, Y. A., & Kim, Y. H. (2012). Validation of a resilience scale for North Korean youth in South Korea. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 9(1), 25-46. https://doi.org/10.16983/kjsp.2012.9.1.25
  11. Kim, J. W. (2018). Supportive songwriting to improve resilience of adolescents with school maladjustment. Journal of Music and Human Behavior, 15(2), 41-67. https://doi.org/10.21187/JMHB.2018.15.2.041
  12. Kim, S. B., Lee, T. S., & Lee, Y. S. (2016). A study on the social adjustment of North Korean youth defectors. Journal of Global Youth Studies, 6(1), 53-80.
  13. Kim, Y. N. (2008). A study on the resilience of North Korean refugee adolescents in terms of their acculturative process in South Korea. Studies on Korean Youth, 19(3), 139-168.
  14. Krout, R. (2005). The music therapist as singer-songwriter: Applications with bereaved teenagers. In F. Baker, & T. Wigram (Eds.), Songwriting: Methods, Techniques and Clinical Applications for Music Therapy Clinicians, Educators and Students (pp. 206-223). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  15. Lee, H. K. (2007). North Korean students in the South Korean school system. Journal of Human Studies, 12, 7-32.
  16. Lee, H. W., & Chae, K. H. (2017). The influence of resilience of the North Korean adolescents on their social problem-solving ability: Focused on mediating effect of self-esteem. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 18(9), 395-402. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.9.395
  17. Lee, K. Y. (2002). A qualitative study of social adaptation among North Korean refugee adolescents in South Korea. Studies on Korean Youth, 13(1), 175-224.
  18. Mahmoudi, H., & Khoshakhlagh, H. (2018). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on psychological well-being and self-esteem among adolescents with depression disorder. Social Behavior Research & Health, 2(1), 153-163.
  19. McFerran, K. (2010). Adolescents, music and music therapy: Methods and techniques for clinicians, educators and students. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  20. Misch, D. A. (2000). Basic strategies of dynamic supportive therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 9(4), 173-189.
  21. Oh, S. H. (2006). The risk and protective factors on psychosocial adjustment of adolescence in poverty: Exploration of resilience. Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, 21, 181-205.
  22. Oh, W. H. (2011). Identity politics of young North Korean defectors: Crossing the borders to and from South Korea (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Korea University, Seoul.
  23. Park, Y. S. (2006). A study on the characteristics of social support and social adjustment of North Korean refugee adolescents in South Korea (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Seoul Women's University, Seoul.
  24. Pinsker, H. (2013). A Primer of Supportive Psychotherapy. NY: Routledge.
  25. Ramsey, D. (2002). The restoration of communal experiences during the group music therapy process with non-fluent phasic patients (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). New York University, New York.
  26. Rice, F. P., & Dolgin, K. G. (2009). The Adolescent: Development, relationships, and culture (Y. S. Jeong, M. S. Shin, S. Y. Lee, Trans.). Seoul: Sigmapress. (Original work published 2005)
  27. Robb, S. L., & Ebberts, A. G. (2003). Songwriting and digital video production interventions for pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, part I: An analysis of depression and anxiety levels according to phase of treatment. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 20(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpon.2003.3
  28. Weiner, I. B., & Bornstein, R. F. (2009). Principle of psychotherapy: Promoting evidencebased psychodynamic practice. NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  29. Wicks-Nelson, R., & Isreal, A. C. (2012). Abnormal child and adolescent psychology (M. S. Jeong, Y. S. Son, H. H. Jeong, Trans.). Seoul: Sigmapress. (Original work published 2009)
  30. Winston, A., Richard, R., & Pinsker, H. (2014). Learning Supportive Psychotherapy: An Illustrated Guide (E. J. Kim, Trans.). Seoul: Nungroup. (Original work published 2011)
  31. Yun, H. S. (2014). Research trend and priority subject of research on North Korean migrant youth in South Korea. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(11), 125-149.
  32. Yun, J. R. (2019). The process of resource formation among adolescents at risk through resource-oriented song psychotherapy. Journal of Music and Human Behavior, 16(2), 1-25.