• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.175-184
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• 2006

This study focused on developing Life Cycle Cost(LCC) analysis model for selecting sludge collectors in wastewater treatment system and applying the model to a case study. Cost items are examined through literature review and historical data of a facility. Analysis period, discount rate, energy cost escalation ratio are assumed to reasonable level. Monetary evaluation is performed using historical data and estimations from vendors. Sensitive analysis is executed using Monte Carlo Simulation for assumed factors. Interviews with operators, vendors, constructors, managers are conducted to define factors which indicates ease of maintenance, ease of delivery, technical performance, efficiency, environmental friendship. Factors are representing technical and social factors. Results from LCC analysis and qualitative analysis are evaluate together with Weighted Matrix Evaluation Methods for optimum alternative of sludge collectors.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2012

As the functions and technology of IT security solution has been diversified and complicated, it is necessary to make the functions standardized. The common criteria (CC) evaluation and certification scheme was introduced with this background in 2000. For over 10 years after the introduction of CC evaluation and certification scheme, many security solution vendors have developed functions following the security functional requirement in CC. Most of CC evaluators and developers think that CC has helped to enhance the security of the solution. So, it is a right time to prove the affirmative effects of CC in quantity. In this research, we compare two cases, the security status of the solution before and after the experience of CC evaluation, and analyze the results. We made the questionnaire for the domestic solutions vendors. We show that CC has made positive effects on the security of the solution quantitatively using statistical analysis. This research is meaningful security enhancement of domestic security solutions.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.177-197
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• 2016

Information technology (IT) outsourcing is considered an effective strategy to manage and maintain organizational technologies in a rapidly changing business environment. In particular, to meet diverse market needs, many organizations that outsource their IT functions practice a multi-vendor approach as their main outsourcing strategy. Although a few studies have been conducted about the multi-vendor approach, most previous works primarily emphasized conceptual arguments and normative prescriptions. In addition, scant attention has been directed toward the relational structure between the client and multiple vendors in the multi-vendor approach and its implications for outsourcing success. This study proposes a model from the transaction cost perspective by conceptualizing two dominant relational structures of the multi-vendor approach, namely, single-vendor dominant model and the multi-vendor dominant model, and hypothesizing their relationships with two outsourcing outcomes, project success and user satisfaction. The proposed model is examined using the data collected from 246 companies that have implemented multi-vendor outsourcing. As expected, results indicate that the single-vendor dominant model has a more significant impact on project success, whereas the multi-vendor dominant model has a more significant impact on user satisfaction. The study concludes with the theoretical implications and directions for future research.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.41-66
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• 2013

IS outsourcing has an important meaning to the Korean SME's (Small and Medium Enterprises) which want to use the IS Services. The objective of this research is to manage IT risks occurred during IS outsourcing project process. This study tries to identify these risks using real option methodology. In order to perform this objective, this study set up the research model which is composed of two main concepts. The first one is the risk factors occurred during IS outsourcing project process: User's Risks, Supplier's Risks and Transaction's Risks. All of these risks are based on Transaction Cost Theory. The second one is the intention to get (or buy) Real Options to manage the risks. In the research model, two types of real option are included: option to abandon (put option) and option to defer (call option). This study uses questionnaires and statistics methodology (PLS) to analyze the hypotheses proposed in the research model. Compared with prior studies, this study is different in two ways. First, this study restricts the range of IT risks. Prior researches of IT Risk management in MIS area cover various range of IT risks, but this study focuses on the Korean SME's IT outsourcing risks on the basis of Transaction Cost Theory. This study tests the relationship between the risks and real option types. Second, this study tries to test the moderating effect of user's risks and supplier's risks on the relationship between transaction's risks and real option types. In IT outsourcing research area, almost studies focus on the direct relationships between IT risks and outsourcing success. But in reality, the co-relationship among IT risks may occur. There are some findings according to the research analysis. First, risks related with user's risks have strong causal relationships with the intention to get option to abandon (put) and option to defer. But risks related with supplier's risks have causal relationships only with option to abandon (put). Second, user's risks and supplier's risks have no moderating effect on the relationship between transaction's risks and real option types. According to the research results, this research have some important and interesting implications on the IS outsourcing business area. First, this study identifies the effective types of real option to minimize the risks occurred during the IT outsourcing projects. So IS outsourcing service users can manage (or minimize) effectively the risks, which occurred during outsourcing projects, using real options. Second, real option gives benefits to suppliers and users at the same time (i.e., win-win strategies between IS outsourcing service providers and users). Vendors (:IS outsourcing service providers) can offer users the real options which can minimize the occurrence of risks in time. "IN TIME" means that before the IS outsourcing project starts, vendors can offer users the opportunity to buy real options in appropriate prices to manage the possibility of the risks of IS outsourcing project. And users also have chance to minimize the IT outsourcing risks occurred during the project process using real options.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

To investigate the current pest management status in Korea, a survey was conducted from 151 students and graduates in the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries (KNCAF) by on-line. The questionnaire consists of two divisions, basic questions and pest control questions. The basic questions were including the respondent's age, academic status, cultivating crops and cultivating area. The pest control questions were including pest control methods, pesticide selection rationale, and pest forecasting methods. As a summary of basic questions, the respondents in their 20s accounted for 91.2%. Moreover, 34.5% of the respondents had over 3 hectares of cultivating area. The cultivating methods were differed by cultivating crops. As a summary of pest control questions, major control methods were using the conventional chemicals (>66%). To understand the pesticide selection rationale, farmers/respondents made their own decisions based on existing control techniques (30%) or depended on the decisions of pesticide vendors (29%). As for the pest forecasting method, it was mainly conducted by the Rural Development Administration affiliated organization (29%) and the National Crop Pest Management System (27%). Regarding the reliability of the pest diagnosis and pesticide prescription of pesticide vendors, 97% of the respondents marked above average. However, there was no choice on strong reliability. Interestingly, 79% of the respondents agreed to train experts for pest diagnosis and pesticide prescription with high necessity and, in particular, 47% of respondents were very strongly supported. These results suggest that the farmers might be need more qualified experts in pest diagnosis and pesticide prescriptions. Taken together, these survey results would provide important information to understand the current status of pest management by farmers' point of view and useful to set the direction of pest control.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.113-136
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• 2017

New product preannouncement through global supply chain management and international strategic alliances is a critical issue for firm's survive and gaining the competitive advantage in the global smart-phone market. To identify the impact of exploration alliance and exploitation alliance on the short-term's Firm Performance, respectively, This study implemented the event study and the cross sectional regression analysis, focusing on the case of Galaxy Note series. Research results identified that new technologies by exploration alliance and the existing technologies through exploitation alliance have a positive effect on the short-term's performance of vendors related. Furthermore, information for the new products showed higher the excess earning rate than information related to the existing technologies. This implies the firms that provides new technologies have a stronger innovative ability than the companies serving the existing technologies, recognizing as a positive signal in the market. Finally, this study implicates that new technologies by exploration alliance enhances innovative abilities from new product preannouncement, and is a critical variable that can determines whether to survive in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.342-352
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• 2007

We investigated the intake trends of street foods for middle school, high school and colleges students through the survey study. In addition, the factors affecting the students' consumption of street foods and their perception toward hygiene status of street vendor were studied. The levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliform groups and enterobacteriaceae in Kimbab, eomuk, and eomuk-kukmul were counted using 3M petrifilms. More than ninety seven % of the respondents had experienced street foods. All the respondents ate street foods 1 to 5 times a month. Forty percent of the respondent stated that 'good taste' and 'time-saving convenience' were their reason for eating the street foods. Their favorite foods were ddokbokgi and various fried foods. All the students responded that frying oil, drinking water, and soy sauce as well as the street vendors' attire and their cooking tools in street vendor were unsanitary. Forty percent of the respondents ranked frying oil as the most unsanitary substance. Eighty percent of the respondents responded that an enforcement of hygiene should be imposed on the street foods vendor. There were significant differences (p<0.001) among the student's age in the opinion related to the reasons of eating street foods, hygiene enforcement, existence of street foods and interest of hygiene status of street foods. High correlation (p<0.05) between the frequency of street foods and snack intakes was shown, regardless of student's age. The result shows that those who eat snacks more than once a day tend to eat street foods more frequently. Aerobic plate counts in Kimbab in 5 different vendors exceeded 10$^5$/g and contamination levels of enterobacteriaceae or coliform in Kimbab exceeded more than 10$^3$/g, which did not satisfy the microbiological standards. In conclusion, although the respondents thought that the sanitation of street foods was poor, most of them want the street food vendor to be maintained with better hygiene condition. This indicated that the regulation for safe street foods should be enforced and educational information about the preparation and serving for safe street foods should be provided to street food vendor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.8B
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• pp.547-552
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• 2007

IEEE ratified IEEE802.3ah as the standard of E-PON, while it leaved the specific method of upstream bandwidth allocation as a role of implementation vendors. Many experts have researched the method of enhancing upstream bandwidth throughput and released related papers. This paper presents another novel mechanism to enhance upstream throughput. This mechanism performs the management of upstream queues by giving the minimum bandwidth of different level to each queue. In order to process packets on each queue we adopted a modified weighted DRR technology. By doing so, the transmission throughput of upstream packets can be largely enhanced. The experimental simulation of this mechanism showed an enhancement of bandwidth utilization more than 10% in comparison to legacy method.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.429-456
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• 2008

This study deals with problems of acquisition of multicultural materials published in many countries where immigrants living in Korea came from. Until these days, libraries that want to support immigrant community in S. Korea have had many difficulties in acquiring those materials because they used informal acquisition methods and mother countries of the immigrants in Korea have lower quantities and quality of book production and distribution system than developed countries. Through literature review and interviews, some recommendations are suggested : utilizing domestic vendors or book jobbers, contacting online bookstores, publishers and local bookstores in mother countries of the immigrants in Korea, attending international book fairs held in different Asian countries and taking buying trips for multicultural materials and connecting organizations and people related with multicultural materials. This study gives some benefits to libraries that are developing area studies, language and literature collection as well as libraries that are developing multicultural collection.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2008

A cross-sectional study involving 400 mothers was conducted in the Manya Krobo district of Ghana with the objective of studying household dietary practices, quality of diets and family nutritional status of rural Ghana, A combination of methods, including structured interviews using questionnaire, dietary assessments and anthropometry was used to collect data for the study. The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 10 in Windows. Means and standard deviations were generated for continuous variables and frequency distribution for categorical variables. Most women consumed meals three times a day but only a few (12.5%) cooked all three meals at home. Breakfast and lunch were the two main meals purchased from food vendors. The most frequently consumed food items on daily basis were the starchy staples, maize, fish, pepper, onion, tomato and palm fruits. The nutritional qualities of diets were poor in terms of calcium and the B-vitamins. A significant proportion of the women were nutritionally at risk of being either underweight (12%), overweight (17%) or obese (5%). For adequate nutrition in this population, nutrition education intervention programs aimed at improving nutrient intake through improved diet diversity and increased use of local foods rich in calcium and the B-vitamins needs to be undertaken. There is also the need to intensify education on excessive weight gain and its attendant health problems in the area.