• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2015

Since Henry Chesbrough coined the term "open Innovation", active theoretical and empirical research has been conducted in many sectors. In Korea, private business sector took an active role in open innovation research and its adaptation. However, many public research institutes failed to follow the private sector's suit because they compete each other for limited fund from Korean government. The present research analyzed Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST) Open Research Program which pioneered open innovation research by sharing KIST research fund with third party entities and proposed a way to apply the KIST case to other public sectors.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.3-17
• /
• 2009

The Rome Convention System (1933, 1952, 1978) which deal the third party lability relating to damage caused by aircraft to third parties on the surface have not been so effective and successful like the Warsaw Convention System. This paper briefs the development of the Rome Convention System and the reasons of their failure which are the low level of the limit of liability and non-parties of major civil aviation states such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and etc. The Diplomatic Conference hosted by ICAO at Montreal during April 20 to May 2 has successfully produced two Conventions; One is Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties (General Risk Convention), the other is Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference involving Aircraft (Unlawful Interference Convention). The major contents and some problems of these two Conventions are reviewed in comparison with the exisiting Rome Convention System and other legal system. Particularly, the entrance into force of the Unlawful Interference Convention may take some time, at least more than 5 years, due to the realistic problems arising from the operation of International Civil Aviation Fund.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.9
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2021

Green finance plays an important role in environmental protection missions and fighting climate change. The Environment Fund in Vietnam is the main channel of preferential capital offered to firms for environmental protection. Unfortunately, it was previously unknown which criteria influenced these companies' ability to obtain green financing. Using a survey method, we collected data through a structured questionnaire of 203 respondents that represent firms that had received concessional loans from 26 Environment Funds. A Multiple Linear Regression model was used to examine the determinants of access to concessional loans for environmental protection. We found relationships between age, size, ownership type, and industry sector, and access to green finance. Third-party guarantees were a significant factor in financing through Environment Funds. Moreover, we found commercial environmental projects face fewer green financing obstacles. Surprisingly, showing audited financial statements does not mitigate the information asymmetry between firms and these financial institutions. These findings suggest that Environment Funds should classify environmental project types to develop appropriate lending policies. In emerging markets, enterprises need to build a trusted relationship with financial institutions so that they can replace asset-based lending techniques, thereby increasing the firms' accessibility to green finance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2024

Economic growth is influenced by various factors, including support from the banking world in channeling funds ownedthrough bank credit which will be a stimulus from economic activities as a source of economic growth. Purpose: Thisstudy aims to analyze the determinants of bank lending in supporting regional economic growth in South Sulawesi Province. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study uses secondary data taken from banking data and analyzed using path analysis Data analysis is carried out using the help of SPSS statistical analysis tools. Results: Non-Performance Loan, Three Partied Fund, Inflation, Exchange Rate directly affect economic growth. For the analysis of the indirect effect of Non-performance loans and Three Partied Funds have an indirect effect on economic growth through lending while the Loan to deposit Ratio, Inflation and exchange rate do not indirectly affect economic growththrough lending. Credit disbursement has a positive and significant effect on economic growth Conclusion: Economicgrowth of a region is influenced by many factors and these factors are influences from the banking world, the results ofthis study show that economic growth is strongly influenced by bank support through lending to support the economy by considering other factors such as interest rates and currency exchange rates

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 1999

This study evaluated the effect of the accidents caused by fire, explosion, and toxic gas release by using SuperChems, quantitative hazardous material release modeling software, which estimates the potential area of damage. According to the loss severity, the appropriate risk management principles can be applied. Risk management is divided into the two methods which are risk control and risk financing. Risk control includes risk avoidance, risk spreading and diversification, and risk reduction. Risk financing includes risk retention and risk transfer. The results of this study can help the related company determine the appropriate reserve fund and the amount to be insured against the third party losses according to the estimated loss severity.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.22
• /
• pp.201-226
• /
• 2004

P & I Clubs are mutual and non-profit making insurers which offer shipowners cover for the contractual and third-party liabilities. Whereas most shipowners obtain P & I insurance to cover for their legal liabilities, they also obtain hull insurance to cover against damages to the hull of their vessels from commercial hull insurers. P & I insurance was distinguished from hull insurance in respect that it offered non-limited cover to shipowner member, but there was a serious debate between P & I Clubs in respect of the non-limited cover. A compromise by International Group of P & I Clubs eventually emerged under which, with effect from 20 February 1997, a financial cap was placed on the obligation of each shipowner to pay catasrophe calls to his club(20% of each ship's property limitation fund under 1976 Limitation Convention). Nevertheless many shipowners felt that this new cap on their potential catastrophe call had been set still too high, while others resisted any reduction in the figure established by the compromise. In the Meantime, the European Commission issued a Statement of Objections in June 1997, in which it indicated its objections with a compulsory single limit common th all the Group clubs as high as the 1997 compromise. Eventually the board of all the Group clubs decided that the figure of 20% of the Limitation Convention per ship property funds should be dropped down to 2.5% from 20 February 1999.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2022

Entrepreneurs recognize that their passion was an important factor in driving successful entrepreneurship. However, they were often unaware of the impact that third-party passions related to startups have on them. Therefore, in this study, it was verified whether the accelerator incubation program had an effective effect on portfolios. At this time, I tried to do an empirical analysis focusing on how the third-party accelerator entrepreneur passion affects the entrepreneurial performance of portfolios. To this end, a survey was conducted on representatives of portfolios across the country who completed the accelerator incubation program, and empirical testing was conducted based on 330 valid ones. As a result of empirical analysis, it was confirmed that mentoring and networking among accelerator incubation programs had a positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial performance of portfolios. On the other hand, education and seed investment in the accelerator program did not significantly affect the entrepreneurial performance of portfolios. On the other hand, it was tested that accelerator entrepreneur passion significantly moderated both the incubation program elements (education, mentoring, network, seed investment) and the entrepreneurial performance of portfolios. The results of this study are meaningful in that they reveal that the passion of accelerator entrepreneurs is an important lynchpin of incubation programs and the key to success in startups. In addition, this study suggests that it is important for startups to go one step further from seed investment and properly identify the accelerator entrepreneur and his passion, the key man of accelerators.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.44-48
• /
• 1997

The Swedish Fire Research Board was established in 1979 to initiate and fund relevant fire research efforts. The Board is responsible for a long term research programme revised every third year, and the Board is one of two major Swedish sponsors of all fire research. Beside the Board we also have the Swedish National Rescue Services, funded by the government. BRANDFORSK gives very high priority for the industry and the insurance company and the need they express for fire research. Research that the Rescue Services Board are funding is mainly focusing the need for the fire department. The Swedish Fire Research Board, BRANDFORSK, is the joint agency of the Swedish government, the insurance industry and the business sector, for the initiation, funding and supervision of different kinds of fire research. Work is directed by a Programme Board and is performed in the form of projects at universities, research institutes, state authorities and private firms. The Secretariat of BRANDFORSK shares the premises of the Swedish Fire Protection Association, SFPA, and the SFPA is the principal and the party which enters into agreement with the State. The programme for the period 1997-1999 has been drawn up on the basis of both damage development and the trends in society which can be noted, and the evident fire problems of the interested parties and their need for fire research. The inputs in the programme have been broken down seven problem areas. In every problem area different project areas are set out, and these primarily specify the aim of the work. Our seven problem-areas are; Costs and benefits of fire protection measure. The role and behaviour of people and organizations Fire In buildings Fire in underground facilities Rescue operations fire in industries Fire and the environment. In comparison with previous fire research programmes, cost/benefit studies have been accorded higher priority, and this is also reflected in other problem areas. Grater Emphasis

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.374-378
• /
• 2019

After the announcement of Moon Jae-in Government's plan (Moon's Care) for Benefit Expansion in National Health Insurance in August 2017, it is necessary to monitor the effects of the policy, especially household out-of-pocket payments (OOP). This paper aims to observe the current status and trend of OOP in Korea. Current health expenditure (CHE) was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) increased 9.7% from the previous year. Although GDP's share of CHE has been close to the average of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the public fund's share was 59.8% of the total in 2018, which was lower than the OECD average of 73.5%. OOP's share was 32.9% in 2018, which decreased from 37.4% in 2008. The share of OOP of non-covered services was 20.0% in 2018, which decreased from 22.9% in 2008. The share of cost-sharing with third-party payers was 12.9% in 2018, which decreased from 14.5% in 2008. The OOP of non-covered services was significantly decreased in hospital and inpatient curative care, but the OOP of non-covered services was significantly increased in the medical clinic. The effect of Moon's Care was not showed in OOP through the results of 2017 and 2018, but further monitoring is needed because the Moon's Care is progressing and the observational period is short.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.35-58
• /
• 2009

A treaty that governs the compensation on damage caused by aircraft to the third parties on surface was first adopted in Rome in 1933, but without support from the international aviation community it was replaced by another convention adopted again in Rome in 1952. Despite the increase of the compensation amount and some improvements to the old version, the Rome Convention 1952 with 49 State parties as of today is not considered universally accepted. Neither is the Montreal Protocol 1978 amending the Rome Convention 1952, with only 12 State parties excluding major aviation powers like USA, Japan, UK, and Germany. Consequently, it is mostly the local laws that apply to the compensation case of surface damage caused by the aircraft, contrary to the intention of those countries and people who involved themselves in the drafting of the early conventions on surface damage. The terrorist attacks 9/11 proved that even the strongest power in the world like the USA cannot with ease bear all the damages done to the third parties by the terrorist acts involving aircraft. Accordingly as a matter of urgency, the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) picked up the matter and have it considered among member States for a few years through its Legal Committee before proposing for adoption as a new treaty in the Diplomatic Conference held in Montreal, Canada 20 April to 2 May 2009. Accordingly, two treaties based on the drafts of the Legal Committee were adopted in Montreal by consensus, one on the compensation for general risk damage caused by aircraft, the other one on compensation for damage from acts of unlawful interference involving aircraft. Both Conventions improved the old Convention/Protocol in many aspects. Deleting 'surface' in defining the damage to the third parties in the title and contents of the Conventions is the first improvement because the third party damage is not necessarily limited to surface on the soil and sea of the Earth. Thus Mid-air collision is now the new scope of application. Increasing compensation limit in big gallop is another improvement, so is the inclusion of the mental injury accompanied by bodily injury as the damage to be compensated. In fact, jurisprudence in recent years for cases of passengers in aircraft accident holds aircraft operators to be liable to such mental injuries. However, "Terror Convention" involving unlawful interference of aircraft has some unique provisions of innovation and others. While establishing the International Civil Aviation Compensation Fund to supplement, when necessary, the damages that exceed the limit to be covered by aircraft operators through insurance taking is an innovation, leaving the fate of the Convention to a State Party, implying in fact the USA, is harming its universality. Furthermore, taking into account the fact that the damage incurred by the terrorist acts, where ever it takes place targeting whichever sector or industry, are the domain of the State responsibility, imposing the burden of compensation resulting from terrorist acts in the air industry on the aircraft operators and passengers/shippers is a source of serious concern for the prospect of the Convention. This is more so when the risks of terrorist acts normally aimed at a few countries because of current international political situation are spread out to many innocent countries without quid pro quo.