A Study on the 3rd Party Liability for the Damages Caused by the Aircraft - With respect to the 2009 Montreal Conventions (New Rome Convention) -

항공기에 의한 제3자 피해보상에 관한 고찰 - 2009 몬트리올 신로마협약을 중심으로 -

The Rome Convention System (1933, 1952, 1978) which deal the third party lability relating to damage caused by aircraft to third parties on the surface have not been so effective and successful like the Warsaw Convention System. This paper briefs the development of the Rome Convention System and the reasons of their failure which are the low level of the limit of liability and non-parties of major civil aviation states such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and etc. The Diplomatic Conference hosted by ICAO at Montreal during April 20 to May 2 has successfully produced two Conventions; One is Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties (General Risk Convention), the other is Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference involving Aircraft (Unlawful Interference Convention). The major contents and some problems of these two Conventions are reviewed in comparison with the exisiting Rome Convention System and other legal system. Particularly, the entrance into force of the Unlawful Interference Convention may take some time, at least more than 5 years, due to the realistic problems arising from the operation of International Civil Aviation Fund.

항공기에 의한 지상 제3자 피해 보상에관한 조약체제로서 1933년의 로마조약, 1952년 로마조약, 1978년의 로마조약등 소위 로마조약체제가 발효되어 있으나 주요 민간항공국가들을 포함한 대다수의 국가들이 가입 당사국이 되지않아 실효를 보지 못한 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 로마조약체제의 발전경과와 실패원인을 분석하고, 2009년 4월20일부터 5월2일까지 몬트리올 ICAO본부에서 개최된 외교회의에서 체결된 2009몬트리올협약들 즉 일반위험협약 과 불법간섭(방해)협약의 주요 내용과 문제점들에 관하여 종전의 로마협약들과 비교 검토하였다. 특히 불법간섭협약의 국제민간항공기금은 운영상 예상되는 제반 문제들로 가까운 장래에 발효가 어려울것으로 예상된다.