• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.86-96
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• 2012

Recently parks and green spaces contribute not only as a place of leisure but also for environmental welfare, social education, new jobs and $CO_2$ Emissions Reduction. Parks and green spaces are understood as urban infrastructures like roads and rivers. They are also included in social infrastructures like education, culture, and welfare facilities. These changes are applied to policies for parks and green spaces, many governments and local authorities make investments on them. The modification of policies for parks and green spaces in England is a good example about this trend From this view point, this study now deals with the changing process of policies, results, and evaluation. Some implications have been deducted. The first is the inducement in participation in policies and implementation of practices through policy papers. They are more practical than written laws which are composed of abstract sentences and generalizations. Secondly, the status of parks and green spaces is highly raised with the establishment of CABE Space and so on. This organization controls many different policies and programs related to parks and green spaces. Third is the funding for the improvement of parks and green spaces. Fourth, are the short-term measures, such as funding and management, and the long-term measures such as pursuing building of partnership and training. Fifth, the government strives to establish its partnership with the local authorities and communities through a spectrum of support in terms of information, monitoring, and developing good practices among networks. Finally, parks and green spaces are being addressed from multiple directions through the participation of numerous agents like voluntary groups, development companies, communities and so on. Recently, in Korea, the influences of the Sunset Law for Park Site, Landscape Architecture Law, Urban Forest Law, and other related ordinances have encouraged the review on the policies on parks and green spaces needed. However, there are not many studies about them. Owing to these reasons, the cases of England will he helpful.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

Purpose: Analysis on the spatial configuration characteristics of dental department in medical center through examining outpatient department of medical center is necessary for the development of architectural planning of the dental healthcare system in Korea. This study has been performed to provide data for the planning of hospital architecture. Methods: Literature review of dental healthcare system and investigation on current status of dental department in medical center have been conducted. The plan and spatial configuration of seven medical centers in Seoul area have been analyzed. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in four points. The first one is that the clinical dental spaces are classified by dental school's dental hospital, dental department in medical center, dental hospital, private dental clinic, and public dental healthcare center in Korea. The second one is that the dental department in medical center is a result from medical law regulation and it is specified and subdivided with dental specialist system. The third one is that the types of the dental department in medical center are divided into independent type or comprehensive type according to the relationship with main outpatient department. The fourth one is that the spatial configuration of dental department in medical center is planned with 5-7 specialized departments and they are allocated in the dental department. Implications: In addition to the spatial configuration of dental department in medical center, it is necessary to analyze the other factors like circulation, relationship with other facilities in medical center to develop the dental healthcare system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.57-70
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• 1990

This study is on system building and model case study to establish a new framework of "The Wild and Scenic Rivers System" and to apply this to Korean rivers. The Wild and Scenic Rivers System of the U. S. , which had become law in 1968 for establishing wild scenic and recreational river areas, was investigated. The techniques of two American case studies about the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System designation were investigated and synthesized, and study process was adjusted to Korean river system. Additionally, pilot study was carried out by the method and results were as follows : 1) In the American Wild and Scenic Rivers System, each river was evaluated based on eligibility criteria for designation, such as remarkable scenic, recreational, fish and wildlife, cultural or other ecological values. Segmented river areas were classified into three or four grades and management plans were prepared accordingly. 2) The management of rivers in Korea has emphasized on the flood control and water resources management up to the present, and now takes a growing interest in water quality. But it has been concerned very little with wild and scenic resources conservation of river corridors. It is strongly recommended to build Wild and Scenic Rivers System in Korea for rational management and conservation of the valuable natural resource. 3) Suggested evaluation criteria for the Korean Wild and Scenic Rivers System were wildness, wildlife and plants, hydrology, scenic quality, and historical and cultural resources. The river areas may be graded into four : Positive conservation area(I), Negative conservation area(II), Negative development area(III), Positive development area(IV). Management guidelines were proposed for each grade. 4) To test the applicability of the approach, one of the major tributary of the Han-River was selected for pilot study. The result showed that the evaluation and grading system worked well. Finally, it is recommended to incorporate the Wild and Scenic Rivers System into Korean national park system, and to amend the Korean National Park Act to enable this.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2010

The Gwanghalu garden which has a pond of approximately $6,000m^2$ around the pavilion at Namwon City, used as official uses consists of the various imaginary environmental elements such as moon palace as an immortal world, miniatured cosmology and law of nature. This study has focused on the interpretation of the imaginary environmental elements at 1) the name of garden structures, 2) the paintings on the structures, 3) the poems on the garden, and then emphasized on the values of imaginary environments at the historic sites which have been abandoned because of the Westernized scientific attitude in landscape design. Imaginary environment is the 3rd one above the natural and built environment which was a long traditional culture. Accordingly education on landscape architecture might pay attention to this lost environment, imaginary to give the people dream.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

The study was done to analyze the records of planting time of Gwangneung needle firs referring to the historical literatures, the Annals of Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Seungjeongwonilgi(承政院日記: Journal of the Royal Secretariat). Bibyeonsadeungnok(備邊司謄錄: Records of the Bibyeonsa Defense Council, a government agency during the Joseon Dynasty), Ilseongnok(日省錄: Journal on Dynasty affairs of the kings in the 36th year of Youngjo to 1910) to lay the historical ground for needle firs in Gwangneung. The following results were derived from previous research, Report on Gwangneung Forest Ecosystem, and overlaid fir tree rings. The research findings are as follow. First, since the system of making the grave is the most conservative system, the planting during the Gwangneung construction would have been preceded by precedent. Second, the problem of cutting the tree in the late Joseon Dynasty became serious. It is published the Law of Muo In the 22nd year of Jeongjo, and then planted trees regularly in spring and autumn. Third, the Law of Muo was preserved for 31 years during the reign of King Gojong, and the type of specific tree, the number of trees, from the 22nd year until the 25th year of King Gojong, four years of fir trees were planted in Gwangneung, and Gwangneung was the only place where korean pine trees were planted. Fourth, it was possible to identify the age of the tree through fallen fir tree rings, and the period of planting fir trees growing in the existing mausoleum is judged to be the equivalent year of King Gojong's reign from the 10th year of King Cheoljong's reign.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2013

Purpose: As emergency medical service fund is further expanded due to amendment of the law on emergency medical services in 2008, Korean government has prepared to intervene in a comprehensive manner to strengthen a trauma treatment system. As a result, it announced a master plan to establish a serious trauma treatment center in 16 areas across the nation. Therefore, this study has attempted to investigate the current status of the serious trauma treatment centers and suggest the goal and improvement plan of future serious trauma treatment centers. Methods: As of 2011, Korea operates 23 emergency cerebrovascular service centers, 23 emergency heart disease centers and 35 severe trauma treatment centers across the country. 12 emergency medical service centers have been chosen among the serious trauma treatment centers. Then, top six (6) centers chosen at Emergency Medical Institute Assessment 2011 by Ministry of Health and Welfare have been selected, and floor layout and spatial allocation by usage have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Consequently, this study has investigated the spatial components, circulation layout and spatial allocation of a serious trauma treatment. For construction planning in consideration of the fundamental objectives and goal of emergency medical services, it is essential to allot spaces and select exact spatial components. It appears that it is necessary to design spaces for emergency medical services and come up with construction planning through appropriate spatial allocation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present the legal object in the related legislation taking the present condition of the domestic laws and the leading cases connected with ecological restoration materials and analyzing their properties according to the analytic standards which are legal class and ecological restoration material items, the present condition by the field of ecological restoration business, interrelationship between the law and the leading cases, comparison of the domestic laws with the foreign regulations. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Detailed enforcement regulation(36.5% of totals), enforcement regulation(32.4%) and law(31.1%) as legal class of the domestic legislation relating to ecological restoration materials are in the order of frequency that shows the little strong frequency at low-ranking class. By items, the number of legislation relating to planting material holds about majority, next to it, stone material, soil material and wood material are in the order of frequency. 2) By the field of ecological restoration business, legislation relating to administration forms the highest frequency(36.3% of totals), next to it, material properties(23.4%), plan design(13.0%) are in the order of frequency. 3) For the number of the leading cases by items of ecological restoration materials, those are, for the most part, them relating to planting material(93.8% of totals). The number of legislation relating to planting material forms the highest frequency at laws and the leading cases in common. 4) The domestic legislation connected with ecological restoration materials is mainly to be in legal class of the positive law, on the contrary, a foreign country has legislation widely consisted of laws, ordinances and other general regulations. Some foreign country legislated the topsoil conservation act, but not to domestic. The result of this study will be applied to legislature and court as reference materials, and to the public and public officer as a means of an understanding of ecological restoration materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

This study is for the collection and analysis of historical records on forest culture. It aims to satisfy the people's needs for forest culture by collecting and analyzing forest-related materials described in the law codes of the Joseon Dynasty to grasp the general matters of the forest culture at that time. From the provisions related to forests in the law codes of the Joseon Dynasty (Gyeongguk Daejeon, Sokdaejeon, Daejeon Tongpyeon and Daejeonhoetong), it was possible to gain insights into the process of changes in forest administration and policies, and changes in forest landscape, etc. Analysis of the Gyeongguk Daejeon revealed the following facts; at that time, special tree species or trees produced only in specific regions were managed separately; and there was a lot of attention paid to manage the landscape of specific areas; for reserved forest management regulations, beyond the level of logging bans, attention was paid not only to planting and cultivation, but also to landscape creation. In addition, it was found that private ownership of forests was generally forbidden, however, the ownership of a certain range of forests around the tombs was recognized for funeral rites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2024

This study was conducted to examine the domestic and foreign street tree creation and management system. This study examined the planning, creation, and management of street trees in Seoul, Korea, Lebanon, U.S.A, Yokohama, Japan, and Paris, France. Although the work system and perception of street trees differ depending on the national administration and cultural differences, major differences and characteristics could be examined. According to the research results, each country surveyed street trees through various methods and standards, and it was confirmed that an efficient work performance system was established with quantitative standards and devices to efficiently utilize them compared to Korea. There is a limitation in representing an entire country as only one local government was considered. In addition, since laws are revised and established according to changes and needs in society, it is necessary to conduct continuous research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.158-167
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• 2018

The role of S/W in weapon systems has been developed with various functions and complex structures. As the weapon system S/W is directly related to quick and accurate decision making of users, more accurate evaluation is required during the training. However, situation awareness of weapon system S/W users has only been assessed qualitatively such as by simple test or qualitative judgement. Therefore, this study suggests the 'Cognition Ratio' concept which represents the quantitative of users by combining ACT-R cognitive architecture to SA (Situation Awareness) and Fitts' Law based on the theory of cognitive engineering. The cognition ratio is a ratio of cognition among the whole cognitive behavior process including perception and psychomotor. Moreover, this study provides a systematic assessment process of situation awareness that will be applicable to various weapon system S/W for effective assessment.