• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.97-118
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• 2022

As generative adversarial network (GAN) based oversampling techniques have achieved impressive results in class imbalance of unstructured dataset such as image, many studies have begun to apply it to solving the problem of imbalance in structured dataset. However, these studies have failed to reflect the characteristics of structured data due to changing the data structure into an unstructured data format. In order to overcome the limitation, this study adapted CycleGAN to reflect the characteristics of structured data, and proposed hybridization of synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and the adapted CycleGAN. In particular, this study tried to overcome the limitations of existing studies by using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network unlike previous studies that used two-dimensional convolutional neural network. Oversampling based on the method proposed have been experimented using various datasets and compared the performance of the method with existing oversampling methods such as SMOTE and adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN). The results indicated the proposed hybrid oversampling method showed superior performance compared to the existing methods when data have more dimensions or higher degree of imbalance. This study implied that the classification performance of oversampling structured data can be improved using the proposed hybrid oversampling method that considers the characteristic of structured data.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.413-420
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• 2024

After Friedrich Nietzsche's advocacy of nihilism, many literary works, dramas, and films have depicted aspects of human psychology associated with nihilism. Animation, too, has been used to convey nihilism, with narratives infused with nihilistic themes produced as both TV series and theatrical animations. Particularly, animation, as a visual medium capable of realizing any imaginative image unlike other media, possesses distinctive characteristics from live-action cinematography and differs from comics in its temporal properties. Hence, this study aims to analyze how Nietzsche's defined three stages of nihilism are represented within animation characters and how they construct various scenarios, using the anime "Attack on Titan" as a case study. The research unfolds by first examining Nietzsche's types of nihilism and the three stages through a review of literature, while also investigating the portrayal of nihilism in mass media and considering the unique attributes of animation. Secondly, building upon the literature review, the analysis interprets the narrative and constructed world of the chosen case study from a nihilistic perspective, examining four major characters through the stages of passive nihilism, active nihilism, and eternal recurrence. The findings demonstrate that the anime conveys two messages regarding negation and affirmation of one's life and existence, thereby offering viewers an opportunity to deeply contemplate human existence. This study is considered significant as it examines how Nietzschean nihilism is portrayed within the popular entertainment medium of animation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior and image and preference of Japanese foods. The Subjects were consisted of 570 university students(243 males and 327 females) in Daegu and Kyungbuk area, Korea. The students responses to the 10 questions about image of Japanese foods were also measured on 5 point Likert scale. Data were presented by using frequency, percentage, chi-square test and T-test. The results of this study were as follows: (1) On the eating habits, 'the whole family has breakfast together with same foods everyday'scored high as 42.3％ and 'foods put in a big platter by gathering everyday'as 35.8％. (2) About the eating customs, 53.5％ of the subjects responded that the seat was fixed at meal time, 56.4％ didn't start to eat before the patriarch started a meal and 30.9％ responded that the head of a family had more foods in number and quantity. (3) On the table manners, 13.4％ of the subjects were scolded about 'watching TV on eating', 11.5％ about 'making left-over foods', 8.0％ about 'misuse of spoon and chopsticks'. (4) The preferred ethnic foods by University students was in other of Korean, Chinese, Italian, Japanese and French foods. (5) Among subjects, 93.8％ had no experience of visiting Japan and 92.6％ wanted to visit Japan. Images on the Japanese foods were 'the price is too expensive' (mean 4.15) and 'the decoration is wonderful'(mean 4.05). But the subjects did not think Japanese foods as 'hot'(mean 2.21) and 'greasy'(mean 2.51). (6) The favorite Japanese food of subjects was Udon(mean 3.98), Sushi(mean 3.85) and Tempura(mean 3.69). So Udon turned out to be the most popular Japanese foods by university students in Daegu and Kyungbuk area, Korea. But they did not prefer Natto(mean 2.68), Ochazuke(mean 2.76), Okonomiyaki(mean 2.87) and Misosiru and did not eat. From the above results, Korean university students preferred Udon to Natto among Japanese traditional foods, and they estimated Japanese foods as 'too expensive'. Therefore, lowering the price and developing the cooking method for Korean taste were needed to increase the intake of Japanese traditional foods by Korean university students and.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.127-142
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• 2005

Not only in Korea but throughout the entire world millions of people are in contact with images. Images have become a medium through which to transmit anything from simple visualizations of moving images to knowledge and information. The age of the internet has arisen thanks to scientific development, and the internet generation's acquisition of information is continuously becoming faster. The spectators, ufo must choose amongst the excessive amount of available information, are changing along with it just as quickly. The method of visual transmission has changed to match the demands of the fast-changing pace of the new generation. In order to receive an instantaneous selection amongst much information, the primary requisite is attracting one's attention, and then presenting a corresponding feeling of satisfaction. The early stages of film arose from the desire to capture one's actual situation as it realty is. Unsatisfied with the still picture, people developed the motion picture. Research has succeeded in reproducing 3-dimensional images more realistic than the actual image we perceive as a result of the difference in visual perspective of both eyes and their response to rays of light From color film to 3-dimensional pictures, people enjoy the magnificent results of this. All fields within the category of film are continuously studying the human desire to pursue their visual side, namely the pursuit of visual images with a maximum sense of reality. The images that millions of people around the world see now are flat. The screen's depth and optical illusions effectively give a sense of reality while conveying information. However, although the flat screen is able to create a sense of depth using the different visual perspective of each eye for the realization of a cubic effect, there are limitations. Entering the 21s1 century, there is a quickly-arising branch within the field of image media which seeks to overcome these limitations Although 3-dimensional images began in films, entering the latter half of the 20th century, due to development of 3-dimensional images using the mediums of the animation field, cellular phones, advertisement screens, television etc., without restriction is designated as 'image.'. With research having started around 1900 and continuing for over 100 years, we are now able to witness the popularization of 3-dimensional films happening before our very eyes. Within our own country, we can frequently see them at amusement parks and museums. In the future, through the popularization of HDTV etc., there is a good outlook for practical use of 3-dimensional images in televisions with advanced picture qualify as well as in other areas. Together with the international current, research on 3-dimensional films has been activated in Korea and is rising as a main current in the film industry. Within this context, the contents and understanding of 3-dimensional images must keep in step with the pace of technical advancements. In order to accelerate of development of film contents to keep in pace with technical developments, this dissertation presents the techniques and technical aspects of future developments, and shows the need to prepare in advance to make the field grow- and thereby avoid having a lack of experts and being conquered by other nations in the field - rather than only advancing the technical aspects and importing the contents. This dissertation aims to stimulate interest and continual research by progressive-thinking people related to the film industry. Part II looks into the definition and types of 3-dimensional motion pictures, the terminology, the fundamentals of image formation, current market fluctuations, and looks into 3-dimensional techniques which can be borrowed and introduced in 3-dimensional animations. Part III concerns 3-dimensional animated films. It analyzes 3-dimensional production techniques while using the introduction of specific animation techniques in the 2004 production Lee Sun Shin and Nelson - Naval Heroes 3-dimensional animation produced in 2004 by Clay & Puppet Stop-Motion Animation & Computer Graphic. Original Korean title: 해전영웅 이순신과 넬슨. as an example, and it also looks into how current film techniques used in animations can be applied in 3-dimensional films. Additionally, the actual stages of the various fields of 3-dimensional animations are presented. Given the current direction and advancement of 3-dimensional films making use of animations and the possible realization of this field, the author plans to weigh the development of this yet unexploited new market Not looking at the current progress of the field, but rather the direction of the hypothetical types of animation techniques, the author predicts the marketability and possibility of development of each area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.122-134
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• 2016

With the advent of the new political regime of Jong Un Kim, North Korea is undergoing many changes, with its main motivation being economic growth. This study aims to identify the changes in clothing in North Korea under the new political climate. The research conducted a review on literature and empirical study. For literature review, books and papers from studies related to North Korea have been reviewed. For the empirical part, interviews with diverse class of North Korean refugees including Hanawon, videos on TV, 1,100 pictures and related articles from newspapers and Internet have been collected. Through this analysis, the study found that subtle changes in North Korean fashion started prior to the Jong Un Kim's regime, but has become full-blown since Kim's assumption of power. This proves that the country is not yet independent from its political situation. The results are as follows: First, the appearance of Ri Sol-ju has liberalized the fashion concept of North Korean women, and the popularity of her trademark style has actually contributed to a more amicable image for Kim. Second, the "Hallyu" style has spread to North Korea through various channels, and has started new trends. Third, the diversification of fashion styles has been greatly accelerated in accordance with the expansion of market, resulting from the economic revitalization policy. Last of all, Jong Un Kim's direct orders concerning fashion have resulted in some significant changes. The sophisticated uniforms of flight attendants and the development of luxury cosmetics being prime examples. As studies on this subject are extremely rare, this research is significant to identify the changes on the clothing culture under Jong Un Kim's regime, and to present an expanded view, as the two countries work towards an united Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

This study analyzed the regional morphological and mechanical characteristics of vertebrae by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and micro finite element analysis (FEA). For the present study, the $12^{th}$ human thoracic vertebral bones (an 85-years female and a 48-years male) were used. These were scanned by using micro-CT. Structural parameters were evaluated from the acquired 20 image data for fifteen $4{\times}4mm^2$ regions (five regions in respective layers of superior, middle and inferior part) in the thoracic vertebral trabecular bones. $4{\times}4{\times}4mm^3$ cubic finite element models of each regions were created at $70{\mu}m$ voxel resolution to investigate effective modulus ($E^+$). The present study indicated that there were significant differences in morphological and elastic mechanical characteristics of each region. There are close relationship between effective modulus and structural model index (SMI) in the bone of the 48-years male and between effective modulus and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the bone of the 85-years female. In addition, the effective modulus of central regions is about 80% stiffer than that of lateral regions at transverse plane. These findings may be likely to explain the previous result that a change of loading distribution of the vertebral trabecular bones is caused by spinal curvature and nucleus pulpous degeneration of the intervertebral disc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2011

This study investigates the buying behavior of apparel by middle aged women according to lifestyles. Questionnaires were distributed to 300 women who lived in the Seoul area and between 40 to 65 years of age. A sample of 248 women responded. To analyze the data, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Duncan test were used. As a result, the respondents were clustered into 4 different groups according to lifestyles. The groups included practical oriented group, economic oriented and practical group, active oriented and appearance group, and economic group. Their buying behavior was as follows. First, the active oriented and appearance group shopped at department stores and specialty stores; however, the economic oriented and practical group shopped at discount stores more often than other groups. The practical group shopped more frequently using TV home shopping networks, discount stores, and outlet stores, the economic group shopped at off-price stores, discount stores, and online more than the other groups. Second, the active oriented and appearance group bought classic suits and semi-classic suits, imported brand and/or designer brand apparel more often than other groups. Third, the active oriented and appearance group perceived another person's appearance, advertisement, and shop display as a more important information source than other groups. Forth, the active oriented and appearance group considered design & style, harmony with self-image, brand name, color, and coordination with other clothing as more important selection factors for clothing than other groups. The economic groups considered coordination with other clothing; however, the economic oriented and practical group cited ease of care as more important factors.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose the face region recognition system for City-Security CCTV(Closed Circuit Television) using hippocampal neural network which is modelling of human brain's hippocampus. This system is composed of feature extraction, learning and recognition part. The feature extraction part is constructed using PCA(Principal Component Analysis) and LDA(Linear Discriminants Analysis). In the learning part, it can label the features of the image-data which are inputted according to the order of hippocampal neuron structure to reaction-pattern according to the adjustment of a good impression in a dentate gyrus and remove the noise through the auto-associative memory in the CA3 region. In the CA1 region receiving the information of the CA3, it can make long-term memory learned by neuron. Experiments confirm the each recognition rate, that are shape change and light change. The experimental results show that we can compare a feature extraction and learning method proposed in this paper of any other methods, and we can confirm that the proposed method is superior to existing methods.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

In Korea, popular stars were the leaders of the latest fashion, who had the strong power in apparel market. Costume, especially wedding dress they worm became the focus of interest to single women of marriageable age and wedding dress co. This study was performed to research wedding dress design (silhouette, veil, sleeves, materials, and details) from 1960's to June. 2004. Resources were extracted from the weddings photos, 'My Wedding' magazine, 'Vogue Korea' magazine and web sites. The materials, which could not be judged on the photos, were researched from text articles. The popular stars were TV stars, musicians, and actresses. The results of this study were as follows: The wedding dress in Korea from 1960's to June 2004 had different distinguishing characteristics. 1. In 1960's, wedding dress was characterized with A silhouette, long veil, set in sleeves, and hair decoration. 2. In 1970's, H silhouette decorating by belt, long veil, puff sleeves, and ruffles hemline were in vogue. 3. In 1980's, Victorian style designed by long and wide width, the leg of mutton sleeves or tightly fitted sleeves, short veil and pearl coronet, flower decoration became popular. 4. In 1990's, to reach the elegance or romantic image, it was used race, ribbon, frill, etc., on the base of 1980's wedding dress design. Generally the girlish styles which expressed innocent and pure and feminine were in fashion. 5. In 2000's, the keyword of both luxury and simple were intended. Silhouette was designed variously, but it became slimmer and simpler. The decoration was splendorous with race, embroidery, and beads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2009

This paper describes a automatic video surveillance system(AVSS) with long range and 360$^{\circ}$ coverage that is automatically rotated in an elevation over azimuth mode in response to the TTM(tracked target message) signal of vessels tracked by ARPA(automatic radar plotting aids) radar. This AVSS that is a video security and tracking system supported by ARPA radar, CCTV(closed-circuit television) camera system and other sensors to automatically identify and track, detect the potential dangerous situations such as collision accidents at sea and berthing/deberthing accidents in harbor, can be used in monitoring the illegal fishing vessels in inshore and offshore fishing ground, and in more improving the security and safety of domestic fishing vessels in EEZ(exclusive economic zone) area. The movement of the target vessel chosen by the ARPA radar operator in the AVSS can be automatically tracked by a CCTV camera system interfaced to the ECDIS(electronic chart display and information system) with the special functions such as graphic presentation of CCTV image, camera position, camera azimuth and angle of view on the ENC, automatic and manual controls of pan and tilt angles for CCTV system, and the capability that can replay and record continuously all information of a selected target. The test results showed that the AVSS developed experimentally in this study can be used as an extra navigation aid for the operator on the bridge under the confusing traffic situations, to improve the detection efficiency of small targets in sea clutter, to enhance greatly an operator s ability to identify visually vessels tracked by ARPA radar and to provide a recorded history for reference or evidentiary purposes in EEZ area.