• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.96
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• pp.89-122
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• 2019

In this paper, I argue that the Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers by Jeong Su-yeong (1743~1831, pseudonym: Jiwujae) is a record of his private journeys to several places on the outskirts of Hanyang (present-day Seoul) and that it successfully embodies the painter's subjective perspective while boating on these rivers and going on outings to nearby mountains. Around 1796, Jeong Su-yeong traveled to different places and documented his travels in this 16-meter-long handscroll. Several leaves of paper, each of which depicts a separate landscape, are pieced together to create this long handscroll. This indicates that the Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers reflected the painter's personal subjective experiences as he went along his journey rather than simply depicts travel destinations. The Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers features two types of travel: boating and mountain outings on foot. Traveling by boat takes up a large portion of the handscroll, which illustrates the channels of the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers. Mountain outings correspond to the sections describing the regions around Bukhansan, Gwanaksan, and Dobongsan Mountains. Jeong Su-yeong traveled to this wide span of places not just once, but several times. The fact that the Hangang River system are not presented in accordance with their actual locations shows that they were illustrated at different points. After visiting the riversides of the Hangang and Namhangang Rivers twice, Jeong Su-yeong delineated them in fourteen scenes. Among them, the first eight illustrate Jeong's initial trip by boat, while the other six scenes are vistas from his second trip. These fourteen scenes occupy half of this handscroll, indicating that the regions near the Hangang River are painted most frequently. The scenes of Jeong Su-yeong's first boating trip to the system of the Hangang River portray the landscapes that he personally witnessed rather than famous scenes. Some of the eight scenic views of Yeoju, including Yongmunsan Mountain, Cheongsimru Pavilion, and Silleuksa Temple, are included in this handscroll. However, Jeong noted spots that were not often painted and depicted them using an eye-level perspective uncommon for illustrating famous scenic locations. The scenes of Jeong's second boating trip include his friend's villa and a meeting with companions. Moreover, Cheongsimru Pavilion and Silleuksa Temple, which are depicted in the first boating trip, are illustrated again from different perspectives and in unique compositions. Jeong Su-yeong examined the same locations several times from different angles. A sense of realism is demonstrated in the scenes of Jeong's first and second boating trips to the channels of the Hangang River, which depict actual roads. Furthermore, viewers can easily follow the level gaze of Jeong from the boat. The scenes depicting the Imjingang River begin from spots near the Yeongpyeongcheon and Hantangang Rivers and end with places along the waterways of the Imjingang River. Here, diverse perspectives were applied, which is characteristic of Imjingang River scenes. Jeong Su-yeong employed a bird's-eye perspective to illustrate the flow of a waterway starting from the Yeongpyeongcheon River. He also used an eye-level perspective to highlight the rocks of Baegundam Pool. Thus, depending on what he wished to emphasize, Jeong applied different perspectives. Hwajeogyeon Pond located by the Hantangang River is illustrated from a bird's-eye perspective to present a panoramic view of the surroundings and rocks. Similarly, the scenery around Uhwajeong Pavilion by the Imjingang River are depicted from the same perspective. A worm's-eye view was selected for Samseongdae Cliff in Tosangun in the upper regions of the Imjingang River and for Nakhwaam Rock. The scenes of Jeong Su-yeong's mountain outings include pavilions and small temple mainly. In the case of Jaeganjeong Pavilion on Bukhansan Mountain, its actual location remains unidentified since the pavilion did not lead to the route of the boating trip to the system of the Hangang River and was separately depicted from other trips to the mountains. I speculate that Jaeganjeong Pavilion refers to a pavilion either in one of the nine valleys in Wooyi-dong at the foot of Bukhansan Mountain or in Songajang Villa. Since these two pavilions are situated in the valleys of Bukhansan Mountain, their descriptions in written texts are similar. As for Gwanaksan Mountain, Chwihyangjeong and Ilganjeong Pavilions as well as Geomjisan Mountain in the Bukhansan Mountain range are depicted. Ilganjeong Pavilion was a well-known site on Gwanaksan that belonged to Shin Wi. In this handscroll, however, Jeong Su-yeong recorded objective geographic information on the pavilion rather than relating it to Shin Wi. "Chwihyangjeong Pavilion" is presented within the walls, while "Geomjisan Mountain" is illustrated outside the walls. Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers also includes two small temples, Mangwolam and Okcheonam, on Dobongsan Mountain. The actual locations of these are unknown today. Nevertheless, Gungojip (Anthology of Gungo) by Yim Cheonsang relates that they were sited on Dobongsan Mountain. Compared to other painters who stressed Dobong Seowon (a private Confucian academy) and Manjangbong Peak when depicting Dobongsan Mountain, Jeong Su-yeong highlighted these two small temples. Jeong placed Yeongsanjeon Hall and Cheonbong Stele in "Mangwolam small temple" and Daeungjeon Hall in front of "Okcheonam small temple." In addition to the buildings of the small temple, Jeong drew the peaks of Dobongsan Mountain without inscribing their names, which indicates that he intended the Dobongsan peaks as a background for the scenery. The Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers is of great significance in that it embodies Jeong Su-yeong's personal perceptions of scenic spots on the outskirts of Hanyang and records his trips to these places.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.266-274
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• 1995

Fresh fungi were collected during field trips to mountain areas throughout the country from May to October of 1994. Through the observation and identification of specimens belonging to the Aphyllophorales, two genera, Botryohypochnus and Vesiculomyces, and seven species, Botryohypochnus isabellinus, Phanerochaete laevis, Vesiculomyces citrinus, Gloeoporus pannocinctus, Junghuhnia luteoalba, Inonotus andersonii, and Inonotus hispidus, were confirmed new to Korea and are registered here with descriptions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.297-304
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• 2013

Due to its excessive $CO_2$ emissions, road transport sector becomes a target for emission reduction strategies. Although precise and reliable emissions inventories are necessary for evaluating plans and strategies, developing the region-wide inventory is a difficult task mainly because of a lack of data including travel patterns and modal volumes in the reginonal context. Most existing inventory methodologies employ fuel sale data within the target region, which ignores actual regional traffic patterns and thus not suited to its geographical context. To overcome these problems, this study develops region-wide $CO_2$ emissions inventory methodology by utilizing the Korea Transport DB (KTDB). KTDB provides a number of useful information and data, such as road network with which one can identify in and out trips over the entire region, traffic volumes of various modes, distance of travel, travel speed and so on. A model of equations that allow the computation of volume of $CO_2$ emitting from the road transport activities within the target region is developed. Using the model, numerical analyses are performed for the case of Busan Metropolitan City to demonstrate the applicability of the developed model. This study is indeed exploratory in the sense that using the existing data, it develops the $CO_2$ emissions inventory methodology which can produce better results than those from conventional fuel sales methodology. This study also suggests further reresarch directions to develop more refined methodologies in region-wide basis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.523-529
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to collect official world records for a total of five years from 2015 to 2019 from the modern pentathlon world competition database to reveal the impact of shooting types and characteristics on the record. To that end, the entire shooting spree was analyzed for all male and female athletes participating in the UIPM Level 1 World Cup and World Championships. According to the study, the number of round trips and the number of cars increased, the number of shooting accumulation deteriorated, the best record in the first round trip 3rd round, and the worst record in the fourth round trip 5th round. In addition, the deviation values are accumulated according to the fire recording or without success of the first step round trip by 9 percent in accordance with the growing number of the deviation is an increasing trend is, is that over time. Modern pentathlon at the success of the first step is more important and as fire can just hit first step in the event of great effect in reducing record. Based on these studies, the factors and characteristics that affect shooting accuracy are identified, and follow-up research linked to track records is necessary to match the characteristics of the combined competition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The goal of this study is to develop a hands-on type polar field trip program to inform the importance of the recent polar research and to contribute to the spread of polar science culture. For this purpose, the direction of program development and field trip course were established based on the current Korea Polar Research Institute tour program and research exhibition facilities analysis. Based on this, a total of 6 types field trip programs were developed, including one basic tour program and one optional experience program for the overall introduction of polar research institutes and polar science fields, and four optional experience programs for each education participant that enables field trips and professional experiential learning activities by polar science field. The developed program was revised and supplemented through a total of two trials, and a field trip program manual was produced, including guidance scripts, experience kits, activity sites, and instructor guides for each field trip. At the end, a follow-up study was proposed based on the significance and research results of the developed program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.482-497
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how college students overseas field trip group's social network exist, how the network change during the travel period, and how they are related to trip satisfaction, school involvement and peer relations. College students have an unprecedented school adaptation problem, which is questioning college education practices and measure should be taken. Since travel provides a strong bond with the group of participants, in a similar vein, students' overseas trips are also assumed to strengthen solidarity of students. For 31 trip participants, survey was administered to find out the existence of a distinctive network structure, its changes, and its impact on related variables. First, the network structure of the field trip existed explicitly, in which student representatives held their position in degree centrality. Second, network structure has changed before and after the trip, which is due to the social interaction between participants. Third, the effect on trip performance variables was marginal, even if some participants move to centrality. Forth, field trip satisfaction, school involvement, and peer relations were significant correlated. At the end of the paper, the implications and limitations of the study were included.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.303-320
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• 2017

Purpose of this study is understanding of group modeling process focusing on constraints with geological field trip applied on social-construction of scientific model. This study was carried out on 12 students of 3 groups who participate in the study 'S' gifted education center. Students were conducted to theme of 'How was formation of Mt. Gwanak?' on 2 field trip classes and 3 modeling classes. Semi-structured interviews, all discourse of field trip and modeling classes, records of personal and group activity were analyzed to constraints based on theoretical background proposed by Nersessian (2008). Results as follows. First, sources of constraints are scientific knowledge, contents observed by students during field trips and additional materials things to be explained by model during modeling class with geological field trip applied on social-construction of scientific model. Second, there are 3 types of constraints to affect making group modeling. It is that shared constraint which used commonly by all the group members. It called selected constraint that used during the initial modeling and later were reflected on for use in the group modeling. And it is that generated constraints, which were not in the initial modeling but were used later in the group modeling. This study suggests that not only the constraints can help to understand of making group model through how they used but also show that example of learning with geological field trip on social-construction of scientific model to contribute school science.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.212-224
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• 2011

In school science class, actual geological field trips tend to be restricted due to a number of problems including travel distance, cost, safety, and so on. Therefore, alternative way should be sought to provide students with the benefits of actual field trip. The purpose of this study is to develop web-based virtual field trip (VFT) about Jeju island in Korea by using flash panorama, and to explore a variety of ways to utilize the VFT. The characteristics of Jeju VFT are as follows: it provides virtual space for secondary school students to learn about volcanic topography and geology; students can access contents in a non-sequential order by virtue of web-based system, and students can control learning pace according to their ability; it is possible to investigate the same field site repeatedly, not limited by time and space; it presents differentiated worksheets for different school grade; it provides diverse complementary web contents, e. g., closeup features, thin sections, inquiry questions, and explanations of outcrops. We proposed several ways with instructional models to utilize Jeju VFT in science class and extra-school curricular as well.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.357-374
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• 2004

This paper described the types and characteristics of educational programs in major natural history museums of the world. Data were collected from the websites, annual reports, and written materials of the Natural History Museum at London, Australian Museum at Sydney, Field Museum of Natural History at Chicago, Smithsonian Museum at Washington D.C, Royal Tyrrell Museum at Canada and American Museum of Natural History at New York. As the result of this study, we presented ten types of educational programs, which were moveable museums, workshops, lecture/courses, festival/events, discovery activities, scientific exploration/research projects, field trips, youth curators/internship, loan materials and camp/tours. We also described the examples equivalent to each program type. The characteristics of educational programs provided by museums as informal learning settings were analyzed in terms of their themes, participation levels, connection with exhibition, relation to curriculum, and learning activity levels. Information in this paper will assist science teachers, museum educators and curators: (1) to design and implement various types and contents of educational programs; (2) to use characteristics of educational programs to assess and develop them; (3) to make important contributions to science education that involves the introduction of various scientific aspects and collections to the public, and the use of programs for science learning and teaching coherent to existing curricula.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2020

This study identified the types and features of forest leisure activities based on data from the Nationwide Survey on Forest Leisure Activities (N= 6,191). Further, the study analyzed the demographic impact factors of the categorized forest leisure activities according to four types of objectives reported by visitors: health promotion, education, relaxation, and leisure sports. The investigation revealed that people visit forests for relaxation regardless of the season; however, leisure-sports visitors engage in activities that occur in summer, are most expensive, and involve the shortest trip time. The study also found that age, gender, household incomes, and the presence of children were the most important factors influencing the selection of activities. Age was found the predominant consideration: the older the age was, the more likely people were to prefer the relaxation and health promotion type. Men were more likely to choose health promotion activities over relaxation and tended to prefer educational trips over relaxation when accompanied by children. Higher household incomes corresponded to an increased likelihood of visitor preferences for relaxation over education and for health promotion over relaxation. This study contributes to the extant literature by statistically determining the nationwide predominance of age as the principal factor driving visitor preferences for forest leisure activities. Future studies should establish policy directions for forest welfare from the perspective of users grouped into day visitors and overnight guests.