• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제36권3_4호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2018

Let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space with a fixed orthonormal base $\{e_1,e_2,{\cdots}\}$. Let L be the subspace lattice generated by the subspaces $\{[e_1],[e_1,e_2],[e_1,e_2,e_3],{\cdots}\}$ and let $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ be the algebra of bounded operators which leave invariant all projections in ${\mathcal{L}}$. Let p and q be natural numbers (p < q). Let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a linear manifold in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ such that $T_{(p,q)}=0$ for all T in ${\mathcal{A}}$. If ${\mathcal{A}}$ is a Lie ideal, then $T_{(p,p)}=T_{(p+1,p+1)}={\cdots}=T_{(q,q)}$ and $T_{(i,j)}=0$, $p{\eqslantless}i{\eqslantless}q$ and i < $j{\eqslantless}q$ for all T in ${\mathcal{A}}$.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2019

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is an irritable skin disease accompanying rash and itching leading to impaired skin barrier. ATO-ALL is an ethanol extract of natural products comprising 12 herbs and effective on atopic dermatitis. In this study, we aimed to propose that the effect of ATO-ALL on skin regeneration in human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT cells. Methods : To evaluate the skin regenerating effects of ATO-ALL, scratch wound healing assay, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, and propidum iodide (PI) assay were performed using cultured HaCaT cell line. Result : Scratch wound healing assay showed that ATO-ALL was able to enhance the gap filling activity more than 2-fold at 7 ppm concentration compared with control group. BrdU assay demonstrated that ATO-ALL treatment increased the de novo cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, PI assay indicated that the cell cycle of HaCaT cells was modulated by ATO-ALL treatment. Conclusions : These results suggested that ATO-ALL may have skin regenerating effects by increasing cell proliferation via cell cycle regulation. Taken together, ATO-ALL is supposed to have a potential on regeneration of damaged skin or functional disease including atopic dermatitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.1217-1226
• /
• 2011

Finding alternative feeds, such as sesame hulls and Prosopis juliflora species can attenuate difficulties of feed shortage and reduce the cost of animal feed in arid and semi-arid countries. Thirty-two Black male kids with similar initial weights (BW = $16.7{\pm}0.80\;kg$) and $120{\pm}5\;d$ of age, were used to evaluate the effect of replacing barley grains and soybean meal with Prosopis juliflora pods (PJP) and sesame hulls (SH) on growth performance, digestibility and carcass and meat characteristics. Kids were equally divided into four dietary treatment groups for an 84-d fattening period. Treatment diets had similar crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME). The treatment groups were: (T1) no PJP nor SH, (T2) 10% PJP and 20% SH, (T3) 15% PJP and 15% SH, and (T4) 20% PJP and 10% SH. A tendency was detected (p<0.08) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes that were greater for T2 than T3 and T4 while T1 was not different from all other treatment groups. Ether extract (EE) intake was the greatest (p<0.05) for T2 and the lowest for T1. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake was greater (p<0.05) for T2 than T1 while T3 and T4 were intermediate. Final live weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were comparable among different treatment groups. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were similar among all treatment groups, however, EE digestibility was the lowest (p<0.05) for T1 when compared to other treatments. In addition, nitrogen intake, nitrogen in urine and retained and retention percentages were similar among all treatment groups. However, N loss in feces was higher (p<0.05) for T2 than T3 and T4 while T1 was intermediate. No differences were observed among treatment groups with respect to fasting live weight, hot and cold carcass weights, dressing-out percentages, mesenteric fat, visceral organs, carcass cuts percentages and carcass linear dimensions. No differences were also observed for dissected loin, leg, rack and shoulder tissues except in the total bone % for loin cuts and in the meat to bone ratio for rack cuts. T3 has the greatest total bone % and the lowest meat to bone ratio when compared to all other treatment groups. No differences were observed between treatment groups in all quality characteristics of the longissimus muscle. The present study demonstrates the potential of using PJP and SH for growing kids without adverse effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.671-683
• /
• 2005

The set of all $m\;{\times}\;n$ matrices with entries in $\mathbb{Z}_+$ is de­noted by $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$. We say that a linear operator T on $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$ is a (U, V)-operator if there exist invertible matrices $U\;{\in}\; \mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$ and $V\;{\in}\;\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$ such that either T(X) = UXV for all X in $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$, or m = n and T(X) = $UX^{t}V$ for all X in $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$. In this paper we show that a linear operator T preserves the rank of matrices over the nonnegative integers if and only if T is a (U, V)­operator. We also obtain other characterizations of the linear operator that preserves rank of matrices over the nonnegative integers.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신뢰성학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2000

A survival variable is a nonnegative random variable X with distribution function F and a survival function (equation omitted)=1－F. This variable is said to be New Better than Used of specified age $t_{0}$ if (equation omitted) for all $\chi$$\geq$0 and a fixed to. We propose the test for $H_{0}$ : (equation omitted) for all $\chi$$\geq$0 against $H_1$：(equation omitted) for all $\chi$$\geq$0 when the specified age $t_{0}$ is unknown but can be estimated from the data when $t_{0}$=${\mu}$, the mean of F, and also when $t_{0}$=$\xi_p$, the pth percentile of F. This test statistic, which is based on a linear function of the order statistics from the sample, is readily applied in the case of small sample. Also, this test statistic is more simple than the test statistic of Ahmad's test statistic (1998). Finally, the performance of this test is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of mouth opening (MO) and patient satisfaction in surgically treated oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients. Materials and Methods: The status of MO was collected preoperatively (T0), postoperatively at 3 months (T1), and at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively (T2). MCID was determined through the anchor-based approach with the change difference method, mean change method, and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) method. Results: In this study, 35 patients enrolled and completed postoperative follow-up (T2) averaging a duration of 18.1 months. At T1, using the change difference method, MO was 14.89 mm and the ROC curve exhibited a 11.5 gain in MO (sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 100%, area under the curve [AUC] of 0.902) and was classified as MCID as reported by patients. At T2, MCID of MO was 9.75 mm using the change difference method and 11.75 mm by the mean change method. The ROC curve revealed that the MCID of MO at T2 was 10.5 mm with 73.9% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity (AUC of 0.873). The kappa value was 0.91, confirming reliability of the data. Conclusion: This study demonstrated MCID values that indicate the clinical relevance of surgical treatment of OSMF if the minimum possible gain in MO is approximately 10 mm.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1989

Throughout this paper, X will always denote a Banach space over the complex numbers C, and L(X) will denote the Banach algebra of all continuous linear operators on X. Operator will always mean continuous linear operator. An n-tuple of operators T$_{1}$,..,T$_{n}$ on X will be denoted by over ^ T=(T$_{1}$,..,T$_{n}$ ). Let L$^{n}$ (X) be the set of all n-tuples of operators on X. X' will denote the dual space of X, S(X) its unit sphere and .PI.(X) the subset of X*X' defined by .PI.(X)={(x,f).mem.X*X': ∥x∥=∥f∥=f(x)=1}.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2016

The serine/threonine kinase mTOR is essential for the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathway, and regulates the development and function of immune cells. Aberrant activation of mTOR signaling pathway is associated with many cancers including leukemia. Here, we report the contributions of mTOR signaling to growth of human leukemic cell lines and mouse T-cell acute leukemia (T-ALL) cells. Torin, an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor, was found to have both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on U-937, THP-1, and RPMI-8226 cells, but not on Jurkat or K-562 cells. All cells were relatively resistant to rapamycin even with suppressed activity of mTOR complex 1. Growth of T-ALL cells induced by Notch1 was profoundly affected by torin partially due to increased expression of Bcl2l11 and Bbc3. Of note, activation of Akt or knockdown of FoxO1 mitigated the effect of mTOR inhibition on T-ALL cells. Our data provide insight on the effect of mTOR inhibitors on the survival and proliferation of leukemic cells, thus further improving our understanding on cell-context-dependent impacts of mTOR signaling. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 63-68]

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제58권3호
• /
• pp.689-698
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we show some results on the artinianness of local cohomology modules with respect to a system of ideals. If M is a 𝚽-minimax ZD-module, then H^{dim M}_𝚽(M)/𝖆H^{dim M}_𝚽(M) is artinian for all 𝖆 ∈ 𝚽. Moreover, if M is a 𝚽-minimax ZD-module, t is a non-negative integer and Hⁱ_𝚽(M) is minimax for all i > t, then Hⁱ_𝚽(M) is artinian for all i > t.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.875-894
• /
• 2017

Let $[n]=\{1,2,{\ldots},n\}$. A set ${\mathbf{A}}=\{A_1,A_2,{\ldots},A_l\}$ is a minimal cover of [n] if ${\cup}_{1{\leq}i{\leq}l}A_i=[n]$ and $$\bigcup_{{1{\leq}i{\leq}l,}\\{i{\neq}j_0}}A_i{\neq}[n]\text{ for all }j_0{\in}[l]$$. Let ${\mathcal{C}}(n)$ denote the collection of all minimal covers of [n], and write $C_n={\mid}{\mathcal{C}}(n){\mid}$. Let ${\mathbf{A}}{\in}{\mathcal{C}}(n)$. An element $u{\in}[n]$ is critical in ${\mathbf{A}}$ if it appears exactly once in ${\mathbf{A}}$. Two minimal covers ${\mathbf{A}},{\mathbf{B}}{\in}{\mathcal{C}}(n)$ are said to be restricted t-intersecting if they share at least t sets each containing an element which is critical in both ${\mathbf{A}}$ and ${\mathbf{B}}$. A family ${\mathcal{A}}{\subseteq}{\mathcal{C}}(n)$ is said to be restricted t-intersecting if every pair of distinct elements in ${\mathcal{A}}$ are restricted t-intersecting. In this paper, we prove that there exists a constant $n_0=n_0(t)$ depending on t, such that for all $n{\geq}n_0$, if ${\mathcal{A}}{\subseteq}{\mathcal{C}}(n)$ is restricted t-intersecting, then ${\mid}{\mathcal{A}}{\mid}{\leq}{\mathcal{C}}_{n-t}$. Moreover, the bound is attained if and only if ${\mathcal{A}}$ is isomorphic to the family ${\mathcal{D}}_0(t)$ consisting of all minimal covers which contain the singleton parts $\{1\},{\ldots},\{t\}$. A similar result also holds for restricted r-cross intersecting families of minimal covers.