• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.207-218
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• 2019

Purpose: Physician competency in end-of-life (EOL) care is becoming increasingly important. This study investigated the EOL care curricula in Korean medical schools. Methods: Questionnaires were issued to the faculty members responsible for the EOL care curricula at each of the medical schools. These included questions on the structure and content of the curricula, teaching methods, and faculty members' attitudes to the curricula. Results: Characteristics of the EOL care curricula were compiled from 27 (66%) of the 41 medical schools. All of the medical schools taught essential aspects of the EOL care curriculum either as a separate course or embedded within other medical education courses. The mean time spent on EOL care teaching was 10 hrs (range, 2~32 hrs). The most frequently taught topics were delivering bad news (100%) and symptom management (74%). When the palliative care education assessment tool (PEAT) was used to evaluate the curricula, a median of 11 PEAT objectives was met (range, 2~26; maximum, 83). More than two teaching methods were used in most of the curricula. However, lectures were the only teaching method used by three medical schools. 78% of faculty members who were responsible for curriculum reported dissatisfaction with it, whereas 18% believed that the time allotted to it was adequate. Only 7% of these faculty members believed that their students were adequately prepared to practice EOL care. Conclusion: There is a need to improve EOL care education in basic medical curricula and to take a more systematic approach to achieving learning outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.382-391
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• 2016

For safety-critical systems including railways, there has been a growing need for effective and systematic safety management processes. The outcomes of efforts in this area are international safety standards, such as IEC 61508, 62278, and ISO 26262. One of the principal activities in the safety process is hazard analysis. For this reason, considerable efforts have been directed toward methods of hazard analysis. On the other hand, the hazard analysis methods reported thus far appear to be unclear in terms of their relationship with the system design process. In addition, in some cases, the methods appear to rely heavily on information regarding the hardware and software components, the number of which is increasing. These aspects can become troublesome when design changes are necessary. To improve the situation, in this paper, hazard analysis was carried out using the result of functional analysis early in the concept development stage for a safety-critical system design. Because hazard analysis is carried out at the system level and the result is then used to develop the safety requirements, improvements can be expected in terms of the development time and cost when design changes are required due to changes in the requirements. As a case study, the generation of safety requirements for the development of light rail transit stations is presented.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 2007

We should treat carefully the one related to human rights among a large number of decision-making in our daily lives. As it is necessary to obtain physical evidences in the process of criminal investigation for solving a certain crime based on the principle of evidence, it leads to an increase in demand for forensic science and forensic geology. Forensic geology could be regarded as a fusion discipline of geology and forensic investigation and it is principally concerned to the study on the connection of a suspect and a crime scene with soil evidence which could be experimented using geological data and methods. So these results could be used as valuable information in a court. After its academic foundation has been builded since the last 1970s, its research objects have been expanded from soil evidence like rocks, minerals, soils, sediments to sociocultural, political, military and medical objects like ancient relics, mines, corpses. Its role is expanded from the simple finding of a particular location to the examination of archaeological theories and historical facts, the testimony of the cause of environmental pollution and the chronic demonstration of geological distribution of plants and anthropological origination. And these bring this discipline promptly to accept developed geological methodologies and to satisfy various forensic geological needs. Specialized forensic investigation institutes work actively for the R&D activities of forensic geology. In Korea, national institute of scientific investigation works a small part of forensic geological activities in total activities of forensic investigation. In conclusion, we concern to the importance of systematic discussion of building in proper position of forensic geology through its R&D methods, application cases of its performance and etc. based on geological characteristics in our country by a specialized geoscience institute.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

This study was carried out in order to reduce the amount of underground water which is used in the double layered single span plastic greenhouse for retaining heat. For this research, two plastic green houses of the double layered single span plastic greenhouse were installed. There was equipped of internal small tunnel for keeping warm air in the interior of the house. Then the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air was fitted with PVC duct of 50 cm in diameter filled with subsurface water. The surplus solar energy in the greenhouse was stored in the water in the PVC duct. Four FCUs (Fan Coil Unit), which has the capacity of 8,000 kcal per hour, were installed in the middle of the house, and a circulation motor in heat storage water tank was operated from 10:30 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. in order to circulate water between the water tank and the FCUs. Consequently about 5 degrees celsius could be maintained in the interior of the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air with the external temperature of lower than minus 5 degrees celsius. It appeared that the alteration of an internal temperature of the house was flexible depending on the sunlight during daytime. To prevent the water freezing, mixing antifreezing liquid in the water or operating FCU continuously was needed. Also, in order to use the surplus solar thermal energy on plastic green house of water curtain system efficiently, storing the surplus heat during daytime simultaneously finding a method of using water curtain systematic underground water happened to be important. As a result of this research, when the house's interior temperature is below zero the operation of FCU appeared to be impossible. Considering the amount of water used in the house with water-curtain-heating system is 150~200 ton per day, using the system mentioned in this research showed that reducing the underground water more than 80% in order to maintain the internal temperature as the level of 5 degree celsius at the extreme temperature of minus 5 degrees celsius.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Far greater than ever before is the present industrial demand for skilled professionals in innovative product design and development. Yet there is an apparent lack of a sufficient curricular provision for training design professionals in almost all engineering schools. The present study is to propose a systematic procedure for developing a strategy for building an innovative product design curriculum and demonstrate its application. The procedure consists of three major steps: strategic element derivation, task formulation, and task execution roadmap construction. The proposed procedure was applied to develop a modular curriculum (a cluster of several related courses) covering various subjects in relation to innovative product design and development. The procedure seems quite effective and useful for developing a curriculum that is strategically well differentiated based on the unique characteristics of a particular educational institute and its applicability seems not limited to a specific domain.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

Recently, 357 water-friendly space were established near the main streams of the country through the Four Major Rivers Project, which was used as a resting and leisure space for the citizens, and the river environment and ecological health were improved. We are working hard to reduce the number of points and plan and manage the water-friendly space. In particular, attempts are being made to utilize mobile big data to make more scientific and systematic research on the number of users. However, when using mobile big data compared to the existing method of conducting field surveys, it is possible to easily identify spatial user movement patterns, but it is different from the actual amount of use, so various verifications are required to solve this problem. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of estimating the number of users using mobile big data by comparing the number of visitors using mobile big data and the number of visitors using drone for Samrak ecological park located in the mouth of Nakdong River. As a result, in the river hydrophilic district, it was difficult to accurately estimating the usage pattern of each facility due to the low precision of pCELL, and it was confirmed that the usage patterns in the park could be distorted due to the signals stopped at roads and parking lots. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the number of pCELLs in the water-friendly space and to estimate the number of visitors excluding facilities such as roads and parking lots in future mobile big data processing.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

Ultrastructural characteristics of blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus spermatozoa were investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The spermatozoa of E. fasciatus consisted of a spherical head part, a midpiece with cytoplasmic canal entrance and a flagellum with lateral fins. Internal ultrastructurally, the nucleus contains high electron dense chromatin having granular particles and has no acrosome. The centriolar complex lies outside of the nuclear fossa and it is connected by the osmophilic filaments. Also the osmophilic filaments connect between the centriolar complex and the nuclear membrane. The midpiece contains eight to nine spherical mitochondria, cytoplasmic canal and necklaces. The flagellum has a typical 9+2 axonemal structure. The lateral fins contain vesicles and a typical 9+2 axonemal structure. Consequently this study contributes to comparative grouper spermatology and provide useful systematic taxonomic characters.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.198-213
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• 2018

In recent years, descriptive evaluation has been gaining importance at school. The purpose of this study is to analyse descriptive evaluation items which have been made by school teachers. 300 items for regular examinations are collected from 7 middle schools (grades 1 through 3) in Gyeongnam Province. Distribution and types of items are examined to compare educational objectives of standard achievements and those of evaluation according to Bloom's revised taxonomy of educational objectives. The result shows that there exist a majority of shared subject units for descriptive evaluation. Huge difference of frequency is also found among subject units and standard achievements. Less than 65% of evaluation items are descriptive and the rest is simple completion or short answers. In addition, it reveals only 40.3% of agreement between educational objectives of standard achievements and those of evaluation items. The interviews with 27 teachers indicate that lack of ability to develop proper items and grading are the major obstacles. In conclusion, systematic training courses are to be provided in order to resolve issues over descriptive evaluation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.57-74
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• 2000

This study is conducted to compare how the Western.Oriental medical practitioners and health professionals perceive reciprocal development strategies respectively of Western.Oriental Medicine in Korea. A total of 3,273 persons were questioned by direct distribution, e-mail, and mail with a self-developed questionnaire. Of those questioned, 362 responded (the response rate of 11.1%), and of them n persons (Western medical practitioners 206, Oriental medical practitioners 90, and health professionals 64) were analyzed with SPSS for Windows. The results were as follows： The need for legislation on the mutual development system for Western.Oriental Medicine was recognized by 66.9% (218 persons) of respondents. Among them, largest group who agreed with this need was the health professionals. Western medical practitioners chose the "the difference of approach methods on the diseases between Western.Oriental Medicine" as their response, and Oriental medical practitioners ＆ health professionals selected "the indifference or bias of Western medical practitioners"as the reasons for the inactivity in developing a mutual system of Western.Oriental Medicine. Therefore, Western medical practitioners and health professionals selected the category of "the reformation of educational system", while Oriental medical practitioners selected the category of "the activation of joint research on Western.Oriental medical care" as the most important condition for setting a precedent. Also, Western medical practitioners preferred "cooperative health care system for Western medical care supported by Oriental medical care", but Oriental medical practitioners and health professionals preferred “cooperative health care system of Western.Oriental medicine on equal terms" In conclusion, Western '||'&'||' Oriental medical practitioners have to make every effort to close the gap between differing views through mutual understanding and respect if joint research of Western.Oriental medical care is to become a reality. The government should continuously enforce the health policy on development of a legal and systematic infrastructure for mutual development strategy of Western.Oriental Medicine in Korea.strategy of Western.Oriental Medicine in Korea.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2020

Compensation services that are indispensable during large-scale public utilities projects have been gradually increasing with the recent increase in construction, but there are no systematic compensation services due to the complicated procedures and manual work. For this reason, various problems such as construction period delays due to various complaints, corruption in compensation work, and impossible to trace the history of compensation data in the past are emerging. In this paper, in order to solve this problem, in-depth interviews and questionnaires were conducted to find out the problems of each compensation status. Based on this, 3 core technologies and 10 technical needs based on ICT were selected to improve the compensation work by deriving STEEP analysis and Issue Tree. The three core technologies are big data-based decision-making and prediction technology, advanced measurement technology, and open cloud-based compensation platform technology. In order to introduce the derived technologies to the institutions in charge of compensation, the possibility of technology diffusion by project operators was suggested based on the results of the current status of informatization by institution. Based on the core technology derived from this paper, it is necessary to make a prototype that can be advanced in compensation work and apply it to each institution and analyze the effect.