Forensic Geology : New Pioneer in Geological Area

과학수사지질학(Forensic Geology)의 출현: 새로운 지질학 영역의 구축

  • Lee, Ok-Sun (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Yong (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
  • 이옥선 (한국지질자원연구원 정책연구부) ;
  • 김성용 (한국지질자원연구원 정책연구부)
  • Published : 2007.10.28

Abstract

We should treat carefully the one related to human rights among a large number of decision-making in our daily lives. As it is necessary to obtain physical evidences in the process of criminal investigation for solving a certain crime based on the principle of evidence, it leads to an increase in demand for forensic science and forensic geology. Forensic geology could be regarded as a fusion discipline of geology and forensic investigation and it is principally concerned to the study on the connection of a suspect and a crime scene with soil evidence which could be experimented using geological data and methods. So these results could be used as valuable information in a court. After its academic foundation has been builded since the last 1970s, its research objects have been expanded from soil evidence like rocks, minerals, soils, sediments to sociocultural, political, military and medical objects like ancient relics, mines, corpses. Its role is expanded from the simple finding of a particular location to the examination of archaeological theories and historical facts, the testimony of the cause of environmental pollution and the chronic demonstration of geological distribution of plants and anthropological origination. And these bring this discipline promptly to accept developed geological methodologies and to satisfy various forensic geological needs. Specialized forensic investigation institutes work actively for the R&D activities of forensic geology. In Korea, national institute of scientific investigation works a small part of forensic geological activities in total activities of forensic investigation. In conclusion, we concern to the importance of systematic discussion of building in proper position of forensic geology through its R&D methods, application cases of its performance and etc. based on geological characteristics in our country by a specialized geoscience institute.

우리가 생활하면서 부딪히는 수많은 판단들 속에서 특히 인간의 권리에 대한 사안은 민감하게 다루어진다. 특히 사실로 입증된 것만 인정하는 증거재환주의에 의해 물리적 증거의 확보 여부는 범죄수사과정에서 필수적임에 따라 과학수사의 중요성 및 수요는 증가하고 있다. 과학수사지질학은 지질학과 과학수사와의 융합 분야로, 과학수사를 위하여 지질학적 지식 및 기법을 바탕으로 물리적 증거를 비교 분석하여 범죄용의자와 범죄사건의 연관성을 파악함으로써 법정에서 유용한 자료로 활용된다. 1970년대 후반 과학수사지질학의 학문적 체계를 구축한 이래로 과학수사지질학의 연구대상은 암석, 광물, 토양, 퇴적물 등의 토양학적 증거에서 역사적 유물, 지뢰, 사체 등의 사회 문화적, 정치적, 군사적, 의학적 대상으로 확대되고 있다. 과학수사지질학의 역할이 단순 위치추적에서 고고학적 학설 증명, 역사적 사실 입증, 환경오염 원인 규명, 연대기적 식생 분포 및 인류학적 발생 규명 등으로 폭넓게 작용할 수 있음을 의미하고, 이는 발전된 지질학적 방법론을 적용할 수 있으며 다양한 과학수사지질학적 수요를 만족시킬 수 있다. 과학수사지질학의 연구 활동은 과학수사 전문기관을 중심으로 이루어지고 있으나, 우리나라 국립과학수사연구소의 과학수사 활동 분포에서 과학수사지질학적 비중은 극히 일부분으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 전문 지질자원 연구기관을 중심으로 우리나라 지질학적 특성에 기반을 둔 연구방법 확보, 연구결과 활용사례 발굴 등 과학수사지질학의 역할 정립을 위한 체계적인 논의를 이끌어 낼 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

Keywords

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