• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.859-870
• /
• 1997

Computerized map reading system is one of the most important application areas in the image processing.A map databaes can be used for a wide range of scial activities such as narural resource assessment,regional plan-ming,and reaffic nabigation system. The road segments,however,are extracted as briken in the area where they are overlapped and interupted by chracters and symbols.Few approaches have been taken to complete road segnents interupted by map symbols.In this paper,a movel approach for the extracation and completion of road segements interupted by map symbols is proposed using neural networks.The system is applied to 1/25,000 scaled maps published by the Grographical Survey Unstitute of Ministry of Construction of Korea.It will be shown that the system can extract and reconstruct road segmetns for the various areas of maps sucessfully.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.5C
• /
• pp.351-360
• /
• 2008

In cellular mobile radio systems with frequency reuse, the interference signals degrade the channel estimation and signal detection performance due to the low signal-to-interference ratio near coverage boundaries. When the preamble pilot sequences from different cells are orthogonal or located in disjointed positions, they can be used for multi-cell channel estimation and interference cancellation. In time-varying channels caused by Doppler spread, data pilot symbols are needed for channel estimations. However, data pilot symbols are usually located in identical positions for the overhead reduction, which degrades the channel estimation performance. In this paper, we demonstrate a significant amount of performance improvement is achieved by multiplying different pseudonoise(PN) sequences to the data pilot symbols from adjacent interference cells. In particular, for detection scheme using maximal ratio combining(MRC) and inter-cell spatial demultiplexing(ISD), quantitative performance gain of spectral efficiency for different values of Doppler frequency and interference power is presented.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.756-765
• /
• 2000

In this paper, a korean text to sign language translation system is designed and implemented for the hearing impaired people to learn letters and to have a conversation with normal people. We adopt the direct method for machine translation which uses morphological analysis and the dictionary search. And we define the necessary sign language dictionaries. Based on this processes, the system translate korean sentences to sign language moving picture. The proposed dictionaries are composed of the basic sign language dictionary, the compound sing language dictionary, and the resemble sign language dictionary. The basic sign language dictionary includes basic symbols and moving pictures of korean sign language. The compound sing language dictionary is composed of key-words of basic sign language. In addition, we offered the similar letters at the resemble sign language dictionary. The moving pictures of searched sign symbols are displayed on a screen in GIF formats by continuous motion of sign symbols or represented by the finger spelling based on the korean code analysis. The proposed system can provide quick sign language search and complement the lack of sign languages in the translation process by using the various sign language dictionaries which are characterized as korean sign language. In addition, to represent the sign language using GIF makes it possible to save the storage space of the sign language. In addition, to represent the sign language using GIF makes it possible to save storage space of the sign language dictionary.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.245-255
• /
• 2014

There is limitation to represent forms and internal process of topography if using simple symbols for geomorphic landscape in the cartography. One of the alternative method to find a solution to these problems is to use association symbol to imagine real landscapes through map reading. This study suggested making method of association symbols to describe geomorphic landscapes effectively. Landforms are not static objects but dynamic pedogenesis and morphogenesis one. It should be consider form, process, and material to make landform mapping, and also, make landform symbols by considering scalable changeability for point-polygon, line-polygon, point-line by scale. As a results, this study expected to help applications for geomorphology as well as environments, ecology, archaeology, and civil engineering etc.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.45
• /
• pp.33-54
• /
• 2016

This study presents a comparative analysis of the calligrammic poetic dictions shown in the poems of the French poets Guillaume Apollinaire and Paul Eluard and in those of the Korean poet Lee Sang. They were adventurers in the avant-garde movement who used experimental techniques that led to futurism, expressionism, cubism, dadaism, and surrealism. They applied a typographic technique that combined pictorial arrangements of fonts, shapes of compositions and between lines, letters of the alphabet, mathematical symbols, and graphical elements, such as circles or lines, to make up a poem that also looked like a painting. Their works, valued as visual lyric poems, break up language and combine anti-poems. They rejected traditional poetic dictions or grammar, but developed a paratactic poem that freely uses letters and symbols. Their calligrammic poetic dictions arouse dynamic images like space extension. Lee Sang's calligrams seem like abstract paintings that apply geometric symbols like those used in technical drawings. As a result, crossing the boundaries between language and pictorial art by using experimental materials and techniques, their poems deconstruct the creative standards of rational and traditional poetic dictions, creating an adventurous, expressive technique. Their calligrammic, avant-garde poems introduced a new spirit of art into both French and Korean modern poetic literature.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.155-177
• /
• 2019

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) phase is the main contributor to the total lifecycle cost of a building. Previous studies have described that Building Information Models (BIM), if available with detailed asset information and their properties, can enable rapid troubleshooting and execution of O&M tasks by providing the required information of the facility. Despite the potential benefits, there is still rarely BIM with Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) assets and properties that are available for O&M. BIM is usually not in possession for existing buildings and generating BIM manually is a time-consuming process. Hence, there is a need for an automated approach that can reconstruct the MEP systems in BIM. Previous studies investigated automatic reconstruction of BIM using architectural drawings, structural drawings, or the combination with photos. But most of the previous studies are limited to reconstruct the architectural and structural components. Note that mechanical components in the building typically require more frequent maintenance than architectural or structural components. However, the building mechanical drawings are relatively more complex due to various type of symbols that are used to represent the mechanical systems. In order to address this challenge, this paper proposed a symbol recognition framework that can automatically recognize the different type of symbols in the building mechanical drawings. This study applied vector-based computer vision techniques to recognize the symbols and their properties (e.g., location, type, etc.) in two vector-based input documents: 2D drawings and the symbol description document. The framework not only enables recognizing and locating the mechanical component of interest for BIM reconstruction purpose but opens the possibility of merging the updated information into the current BIM in the future reducing the time of repeated manual creation of BIM after every renovation project.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to apply the principle of the semantic network to a long novel in an attempt to understand the structure of the entire document and the manifested relationships between words and words. The costume expressions in Murakami's novel Norwegian Wood were analyzed based on the characters' symbols, relationships, and personality characteristics. The study identified the symbols of the characters in the novel and the relationship properties between the characters through the Clauset-Newman-Moore clustering algorithm. The descriptions and symbols of the relationships between the characters were identified within the worldview that the author had intended. Further, it was confirmed that the expression of each costume according to the character's personality was also connected to the clue that explained said character. This fusion study is academically significant in that it presents a new methodology for analyzing literary works

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.433-438
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to express intangible cultural heritage through game character designs, and to inherit and spread intangible cultural heritage in a new way. This paper will analyze how the characters in the mobile game "King of Glory" creatively design the intangible cultural heritage "Guangdong Lion Dance". Extract the cultural symbols of intangible cultural heritage into the game character design, and spread the characters online and offline. Through the digital dissemination of "Guangdong Lion Dance" through the game "King of Glory", the relevant influence of intangible cultural heritage cultural symbol dissemination in current digital games is explored.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.31B no.3
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 1994

SCRIPT (Symbol/Character Recognition In Pen-based Technology) is an algorithm for on-line recognition of handwriting Hangeul. English upperacase letters, decimal digits, and some keyboard symbols. The shape of handwriting symbols has a large variation even when written by the same person. Though the feature analysis approach using a conventional decision tree is efficient, it is not robust under shape variations and prone to misclassification. Thus, a new method to overcome this shortcoming is necessary. In this paper, a feature analysis algorithm using two fuzzy decision trees which utilize the hierarchical property of the pattern is proposed. The first tree is used to represent the stroke shape, and the other tree is used to represent the relation between the strokes. since this method stores various possibilities. it is robust to shape variations and can readily modify false selections. In addition, there is a large increase in the recognition rate of high-level patterns due to low-level candidated. Experimental results show 91% recognition rate for Hangeul at the recognition speed of 0.33 second per character, and the recognition rate of alphanumerics and some keyboard symbols is 95% at 0.08 second per symbol. This is 8~18% increase in the recognition rate over th method not applying fuzzy decision trees.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2019

This study analyzed the casula wearing by Catholic priests. By understanding various applications of the priests' wearing of casula, we can understand the meaning of wearing casula, situational judgment, and the role and status of priests. Ultimately, the Catholic symbol and meaning of the casula can be found. The purpose of this study is to examine the basic setting of the casula, the setting according to the status of the priest, and the origin of the casula. Second, this study to understand the design of the pattern shown in the casula. The patterns containing the symbol and the liturgical period were examined, and the method of making the pattern design was considered. Third, various symbols appearing in examples of priests' rituals were considered and analyzed. The method of this study was to utilize various pictures acquired during interviews with priests and nuns and to perform content verification. As a result of this study, the aspects of form, color, and pattern were shown through the wearing of casula during various situations. First, the morphological symbols appearing in the rituals are the simplified casula that hangs on the stola on the top of the alb and the symbols of the form according to the priest's status. In the liturgy, the casula is put on the outermost side as for basic wearing, but in the case of celebration or the attendance at celebrations other than the liturgy, it is the same as simplified wearing. Second, in terms of the symbol and color, the basic colored casulas were worn to match the time and character of the liturgy, and in addition, on the priests' ordination ceremony and celebration day the priests wore white casulas. Third, the symbol of the pattern used in the casula was a Cathoric pattern according to the period in the basic casula wearing of the liturgy. In addition, the patterns were produced by combining the patterns and meaning of the priests that were used in the casulas of the priests' ordination ceremony. The design of the pattern used in the beatification mass casula and the Mass of Peace casula during the Pope's visit to Korea in 2014 used the same motif as the Pope's design, but the simplified pattern was produced for the casula of the Cardinal and bishops. Through this, it is possible to understand the situation where a morphological symbol appears due to a distinction according to the role and status of the priest. This shows that the symbols that appear are the cross and should also consider the complexly, shape, color, and pattern.