• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the waterscape of the Sunam Temple on Mt. Chokye over which controversies had been actively raised, especialy of its Japanese impacts, comparing the phenomena arising from it with those of Korean and Japanese traditional temples. And then the identity of the Sunam Temple was clarified in itself. It is concentrated on what exotic formation are found in waterscapes of the Sunam Temple and how they can be proved via what factors. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Two curved ponds located in the western part of the Iljumun gate have a specific features not visible in any other Korean traditional temples, serving as an object of interest. Such ponds with curved form in the Sunam Temple had an affinity to those of stroll-style garden in Kyoto area. 2. The winding waterway along with curved ponds in the west of the Iljumun gate was introduced into the Sunam Temple. Therby, it was an exceptional phenoma hardely found in the traditional temples of Korea. This study was a typical one, as found in the stroll Japanese temples. Especially, the swinding waterway found in both the Kinkakuji Temple and the Ginkakuji Temple designated as object temples of comparison in the present study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

Since its foundation in the unified Silla period, Sunam Temple in Jeollanam-do has well preserved its reputation as a representative temple in Honam. However, during the course of history as the temple went through many changes and development, much of its landscape identity were lost or damaged. At present, we found that some of distinctive features as traditional Korean temple are lost or damaged in Sunam temple and in some cases, Japanese style features were applied which calls for urgent restoration to the original landscape style. We found that vegetation pattern of Sunam temple was quite different from those of traditional Korean temples and garden components were rather similar to Japanese garden style. There are two reasons why these changes occurred to Sunam-temple. The first reason is changes made to the temple by Japanese people during the Japanese occupation period in Korea. The second is the renovation effort of the entire temple in 1976. The study aimed to examine landcape changes of Sunam temple in detail and understand Japanese style landscape components and methods applied to the Sunam temple to untimately understand landscape identity of Sunam temple. On-site research, literature research and interviews with monks were conducted and we found that Sunam-sa Temple was significantly influenced by the landscape style of Japan, and that more Japanese-style landscapes were produced while trying to hide these elements. However, this study was limited in understanding the very original landscape form of Sunam temple before the Japanese coloniral era.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.311-313
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• 1991

This study revealed the infection status of p. larva with the metacercariae of M. orientalis in the Sunam stream of the Nakdong River, a well-known focus of Clonorchis sinensis. A total of 60 P larva were divided into :l groups by the size (80~90, 70~79, 60~69 and 50~59 mm) and were digested by pepsin-HCI solution in a $36^{\circ}C$ incubator. The metacercariae of M orientalis were collected and counted under a stereomicroscope. A total of 3,885 metacercariae were found, and average number/fish in each group were 143, 54, 23 and 40. They were $175.3{\times}155.4{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in average size and had thick cyst wall($13.1{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in average), By the results, it is proved that the life cycle of M. orientalis is actively maintained in the Sunam stream of the Nakdong River.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2004

The distribution and characteristics of acidotolerant heterotrophic and naphthalene-degrading bacteria were investigated in two forest areas, one near Ulsan petrochemical industrial complex (Sunam) and the other in countryside (Daeam). Average values of soil pH at Sunam and Daeam were 3.8 and 4.6, respectively. When het­erotrophic and naphthalene-degrading bacteria were enumerated by most probable number (MPN) procedures at Sunam, the median values of heterotrophs growing at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 were $5.3{\times}10^7\;and\;3.3{times}10^7$ MPN/g, whereas those of naphthalene-degraders were $5.6{\times}10^4\;and\;4.0{times}10^5$ MPN/g, respectively. While the medians of heterotrophs at Daeam were larger than those at Sunam, the concentrations of naphthalene-degraders were higher at Sunam compared to those at Daeam. From the MPN tubes and enrichment cultures, we obtained 17 isolates of naphthalene-degraders which were identified as Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Brevundimonas vesic­ularis, Burkholderia cepacia, Ralstonia pickettii, Pseudomanas fluorescens, and Chryseomonas luteola. Among them, 6 isolates showed higher naphthalene-degrading activity on minimal media of pH 4 compared to pH 7, whereas the extent of growth was not greater at pH 4 than at pH 7 when they were inoculated on nutrient-rich media. It is plausible that the pH may affect naphthalene-degrading activity of the isolates by changing fatty acid composition of bacterial membrane.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2014

Dir. Kim, Giduk's first work is (1996) which was created a new character and episode which disregard the main trand movie. His emotion in his film is over the reallife and common sense. His emotion is attached to the primitive feeling. He is called the tererist of Korean film culture. This thesis studys on the allegory of kim, Giduk's film world by Kim, Sunam's 'Korean auterism' which discusses dir.'s film work on the base of the background of filmmaker and his view of life. And also to represent film image he used space, water, color, repeated same meaning oposition by the usual image of rhetoric.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.249-274
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• 2012

This article looks at the thought of Oh Jae-soon's seonggong sasangin Jeongjo period while focusing on his Seonggongdo and Seonggong doseol. his thought will be explained as seen below. First, he gave more emphasis on seonggong, not seonghak, which is a concept abbreviated from Seonginjihak.He actually gave more importance to practice than to scholarly work. Therefore, the essential concepts provided in his work are most related with drills and practices. Second, he focuses on dotong(characters). Looking at Yosunwoosangjeonsimhakdo, he presents dotong ((Yo-Sun-Woo)-Kongtzu-Chengtsu-Jasa-Mengtsu-Chungtzu), while presenting himself to such a scholarly inheritance. Third, he intended to provide his interpretation based on his consistent thought. He actually classified and analyzed all the characters and classics based on the principles of knowledge, practice, self-esteem, bitter words, diligence. In addition, all things are classified with these five items as shown above. Fourth, he analyzed classics and presented his ideas in simple terms and concepts. Fifth, he deals with the seven Chinese Classics and particularly he emphasizes Shizing and Shujing. He did not mention Chunqiu (the Spring and Autumn Annals) and Liji (The classic of Rites),both of which he did not consider as adequate. Sixth, Sunam's thought was inherited to Ganjae Jeonwoo's soonamhakgyeol.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2B
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• pp.145-152
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• 2006

In the present study, a nonlinear model of rainfall-runoff process using Artficial Neural networks(ANNs) which have no consideration on the physical parameter for the basin was developed at Naju station which is the main stream of Yeongsan-river, and Sunam station which is the main stream of Hwangryong-river. The result from the model of ANN_NJ_9 at the Naju station revealed the best result of the rainfall-runoff process, while the model of ANN_SA_9 for the Sunam station. Also, GUI_FFS developed in the research showed the $R^2$ of more than 0.98 between the observed and predicted values using the rainfall and runoff in the respective stations. Therefore, the GUI_FFS might be expected that it can play a role for the high reliability to operate and manage the water resources and the design of river plan more efficiently in the future.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 2020

Social awareness of mathematics and academic attitudes toward the value of mathematics education has kept changing according to the intellectual, political and religious contexts. In this article, we examine how mathematics was defined and recognized in liberal arts education of the Roman Empire and early medieval Western Europe. This study analyzes how mathematics was described in encyclopedic works written in the Roman era after the mid-second century BC and in the Western European monasteries and cathedral schools after the fifth century. Ancient Greek mathematics took a clear place in liberal arts education through encyclopedia writings and prepared a mathematics curriculum for medieval universities. I hope this study will contribute to understanding the origin and context of the mathematics curriculum of medieval universities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7599-7602
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• 2015

Background: In this study, we aimed to determine platelet indices such as platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), Plateletcrit (PCT) platelet count (PLT) in lung cancer cases, and evaluate any relationships between these parameters and stage or histologic types. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covered 44 lung cancer patients and 47 healthy subjects. Platelet indices including PLT, PCT, MPV, PDW were estimated and compared with normal subjects. The results were evaluated statistically. Results: The PDW value was significantly higher in the cancer group compared to the control group; however, the values for PCT and MPV were lower. Conclusions: We suggest potential use of platelet indices in diagnosis of lung cancer.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.982-990
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• 2020

Groundwater is essential source of the freshwater. Groundwater is stored in the body of the rocks or sediments, called aquifer. Finding an aquifer is a very important part of the geophysical survey. The best method to find the aquifer is to make a borehole. Single borehole is not a suitable method if the aquifer is not located in the borehole drilled area. To overcome this problem, a cross borehole method is used. Using a cross borehole method, we can estimate aquifer location more precisely. Electrical impedance tomography is use to estimate the aquifer location inside the subsurface using the cross borehole method. Electrodes are placed inside each boreholes and area between these boreholes are analysed. An aquifer is a non-uniform structure with complex shape which can represented by the truncated Fourier series. Deep neural network is evaluated as an inverse problem solver for estimating the aquifer boundary coefficients.