• 대한간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-111
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• 1975

As the hospitalized patients will be facing new stress situation due to change of his environment from home to hospital it will be very important to understand the psychological stress experienced by hospital patients not only for helping patients in the process of recovery from illness but also fulfil1ing the objective of comprehensive nursing care by understanding the needs of the patients. There is no doubt that it would be very helpful for treatment of patients as well as for improvement of nursing care if we know more about psychological needs of patients and give them adequate support to meet these needs. The study to find out the causes and degree of stress events experienced by hospitalized patients, with the objective of instituting improvement of nursing care program based on the needs of patients, was conducted during the month of September 1974 with 60 patients randomly selected from those admitted to medical and surgical wards at Yonsei Medical Center in that period The questionnaire form included 36 questions which are considered to be stress events for hospital patients, and was devide into five areas namely, such events related to 1) disease itself, 2) hospital environment, 3) nursing care and treatment, 4) communication and human relations, and 5) family and economic problems. The results of the study were as follows: 1. It was confirmed that hospitalization considered to be a stress producing factor and most patients perceived the admission to hospital as a stress factor. 2. According to the rating scale, it was found that degree of perceived stress shows a variation according to the source of stress producing event. 3. No significant differences in the mean values were observed statistically with the perceived stress levels according to demographic and other variables of patients related to hospitalization. 4. Among the questions related to disease itself, "Admission for surgery" was perceived most frequently as a stress event (97.14%) by patients. 5. With regard to the questions related to hospital environment, "death of the patient room-mate" was the most serious stress event perceived by patients (90%) and "living with hospital regulations"was considered to be less serious stress event (23.33%). 6. As for the questions related to nursing care and treatment, "limitation of freedom" was perceived as a stress factor most frequently (70.91%) by the patients and "worry for wrong treatment" turned out to be less frequent stress event (50.0%). 7. As for the questions related to communication and human relations, "difficulty to meet doctors when wanted"appeared to be the most frequent stress event by the respondents (75.86%) , followed by "no explanation about treatment or examination"(75.0%) and "no explanation about nursing care procedures"(71.66%). 8. With regard 111 tile questions related to family and economic problems, "inadequate finances for family living due to hospitalization"and "high cost of hospitalization" were the most frequent cause of stress mentioned by the patients. (80.0%). 9. As a result of application of the stepwise regression analysis, it was found that about 89% was explained by those events associated with disease itself, hospital environment and family and economic problems. By adding those events related to "nursing care and treatment" and "communication and human relation", 100% of stress associated with hospitalization was explained.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.78-92
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to find out the stress causes of the primary students in Korea, through the three major methods, life event score, multiple regression about stress causes and G.H.Q. path-diagram. A survey was made of 889 students who were selected among students of six primary schools in seoul and Ka-pyeng, from Sep. 28 to Oct. 2. 1992. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Life event score Among the children's life events, (deaths of family) (degrade of school record) (the increase of absence days) (divorce of parents) (trouble with relationship) are high ranking in life event score. Besides, (scolded by teacher and parents) (beginning of extracurricular work) are spread stress causes. In conclusion, these stress causes are shown by two aspects, home, school, and so children are under stress circumstance in both places. These stress causes vary with area and sex. 2. Multiple regression about stress causes and G.H.Q. This study analysed how a stress caused by home life affects the children's health of mind and body. The most influential factors are , and these factors vary with area and sex. 3. Path-diagram This study proved that socio-psychological school environment raises children to secede from school, and this secession that operates as a stress cause affects children's health of mind and body. This serial process is analysed by path analysis, and made out a path-diagram. In conclusion, as expected socio-psychological,school environment affects the children's health of mind and body. This is shown by two aspects : positive, negative. This stress causes vary with area and sex.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2008

Purpose: This paper is aim to report that menopausal disorder can be effectively diagnosed and treated by referring to the life event stress of patient. Methods: Researchers got a grip on the life event stress of patient by using medical examinations by interview and compared the conditions of patient before and after treatment by using Kupperman's Index. The prescription of the Gamidangguisu-san hap samhap-tang( Jiaweidangguixu-san he sanhetang) and the Gamisoyo-san (Jiaweixiaoyao-san) and the acupuncture therapy and the moxibustion therapy were used for the treatment. Results: The serious musculoskeletal systemic pains, which includes back pain, lumbago, and myalgia, and other menopausal troubles were improved remarkably. Conclusion: The menopausal disorder could be caused by not only the change of hormone but also complex factors of environmental matters which includes social cultural surroundings, mentality etc. Therefore the life event stress could be one of critical factors of menopausal disorder. The diagnosis and treatment considering the life event stress could be effective method to relieve patient's menopausal disorder.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify the relationships among alcohol level, impact of event, occupational stress, and distress disclosure and to determine the influences on alcohol level among fire officials. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 241 fire officials. Data were collected from June 2018 to July 2018 using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The results revealed significant positive relationships between alcohol level and impact of event, and impact of event and occupational stress, and a negative relationships between occupational stress and distress disclosure. Regression analysis revealed that alcohol level accounted for 9.2% of the variance by gender, and impact of event(e.g., sleep problems and emotional numbness). Conclusion: These findings provide information that can be used in the development of mental health promotion programs for fire officials.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2008

Purpose : This study is a descriptive research to provide basic factors of posttraumatic stress in Firefighters. This study was carried out to develop the effective program for the fire fighters to cope with the posttraumatic stress following the disasters. Methods : The questionnaires were collected among fire fighters who serviced in K and I community from April 1 to June 30 in 2008. Total 304 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS WIN program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. Results : 1. 48.0% of 300 fire fighters were at the age of 31-40, and 42.3% were under 30. 2. Work burden had a significant difference of 2.30 in low-risk group, 2.60 in high-risk group(t-value=-3.85, p=0.00). However, life event had no significant difference 0.79 event in low-risk group, 1.41 event in high-risk group(t-value=-2.27, p=0.24). 3. Concerning posttraumatic stress factors, there was positive correlation between mobilization impact level r=0.38(P<0.01), work burden r=0.38(p<0.01), and life event r=0.27(p<0.01). 4. According to the Symptom Check List-Revised(SCL-90-R), somatization had a significant differences(t-value=5.46, p=0.00), obsessive-compulsive(t-value=7.16, p=0.00), interpersonal sensitivity(t-value=6.15, p=0.00), depression(t-value=6.62, p=0.00), anxiety (t-value=7.33, p=0.00), hostility(t-value=5.94, p=0.00), phobia anxiety(t-value=6.85, p=0.00), paranoid ideation(t-value=5.55, p=0.00), psychotism(t-value=6.52, p=0.00) in low-risk and high-risk group. Conclusion : As a consequence, mobilization impact, work burden, and life event were the influential factors on posttraumatic stress. Also, high-risk group revealed significantly higher score on all 9 scales. The information obtained from surveys made recommendation to develop the intervention of stress management to control mobilization impact and posttraumatic stress.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2013

Objectives This study was to investigate the correlation of low back pain, stress by event, and fear-avoidance beliefs caused by traffic accident. Methods We investigated 103 cases of out-patient with traffic accident. The patients answered that Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Impact of Event Scale Revised Korean Version (IES-R-K), and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) on the first medical examination. We calculated statistical significance with this data. Results VAS, IES-R-K, and FABQ scores of the female patients with the traffic accident were higher than the male patients. VAS, IES-R-K, and FABQ scores showed low significant positive correlation and showed partial correlation between IES-R-K and FABQ, controlled by VAS, had no statistical significance in this research. Conclusions More considerations on pain, stress by event, and fear avoidance belief should be needed in treatment of the traffic accident patients.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.336-345
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• 2018

Purpose: To identify factors influencing adaptation to menopause in middle-aged women. Methods: Participants were 157 middle-aged women who visited Y gynecologic clinic in C city. Data were collected through interviews using the Korean CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression), climacteric symptoms, life event stress, and menopausal adaptation scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS. Results: There were significant differences in adaptation to menopause according to monthly income, life satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Adaptation to menopause had significantly negative correlations with depression, climacteric symptoms, and life event stress. Depression, monthly income, climacteric symptoms, and life event stress were verified as factors affecting adaptation to menopause. These factors accounted for 41.9% of adaptation to menopause. Conclusion: These variables should be considered in nursing interventions to improve adaptation to menopause in middle-aged women. Individuals should have the will to overcome menopause positively and actively.

• 지질공학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2010

암석의 손상상태를 평가하기위한 여러 방법들이 제안되어 있으나, 일부의 방법은 명확한 손상기준을 제시하기도 하지만 일부의 방법은 매우 모호하여 분석자의 주관에 따라 값이 달라지기도 한다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 황등화강암을 대상으로 현재까지 제안된 모든 손상기준 결정방법을 적용하여, 각 방법의 적용성, 오차 및 최적의 손상기준결정 방법 등을 연구하였다. 또한 암석의 균열발달 및 파괴특성의 규명에 가장 중요한 손상기준인 균열개시응력과 균열손상응력을 FSR 및 장기 정하중 시험을 이용하여 검정하였다. 황등화강암의 균열닫힘응력과 균열개시응력은 각각 57.5 MPa, 77.6 MPa이며 균열체적변형률에서 측정하는 것이 가장 정확한 것으로 판단된다. 2차 균열개시응력은 90.6 MPa로 측정되었으며, 미소파괴음 계수 및 계수율이 균열개시응력의 측정에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 균열결합응력 측정은 체적강성곡선, 미소파괴음 계수 및 미소파괴음 계수율이 가장 효과적인 방법으로 판단되며, 균열결합응력은 110.3 MPa이다. 균열손상응력은 체적강성곡선 및 미소파괴음 계수율에서 가장 명확히 측정되며, 약 127.5 MPa이다. 일축압축강도에 대한 비로서 나타낸 균열개시응력은 0.47로 FSR 값 0.46과 매우 유사하며, 균열손상응력은 0.77로 장기 정하중 시험을 통하여 측정된 장기 강도비 0.75~0.8과 거의 일치하여 균열개시응력 및 균열손상응력 값이 정확함을 검정하였다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2022

We analyzed the low wall-shear stress area in the intracranial aneurysm that occurred at an anterior communicating artery with a special emphasis on vortical structures close to the wall. We reconstructed the aneurysm model from patient CTA data. We assumed blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid and treated the blood vessel as a solid wall. The pulsatile boundary condition was applied at the inlet of the anterior cerebral artery. From the instantaneous flow field, we computed the histogram of the wall-shear stress over the aneurysm wall and found the low wall-shear stress event (< 0.4 Pa). This extreme event was due to the low wall-shear stress area that occurred at the daughter sac. We found that the merging of two vortices induced the low wall-shear stress area; one arises from the morphological characteristics of the daughter sac, and the other is formed by a jet flow into the aneurysm sac. The latter approaches the daughter sac, which ultimately leads to the strong ejection event near the daughter sac.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.829-838
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• 2003

Purpose: In South Korea, as growing the need of psychological support in disaster situation psychological assessment on stress after disaster is important to find out the factors affecting coping, and to plan intervention in the community. Method: The volunteers of Korea Redcross who live around K city, and the research team visited all homes at Jirye town, one of the high-impact area, 4 month after the typhoon. One of the family members who is over 18 years old, answered the self-report questionnaire composed of disaster experience, damage, exposure to traumatic event, and posttraumatic stress with IES-K (Impact of Event Scale-korea) He also, described his family members symptom related to re-experiencing, hyper-arousal, and avoidance. Six hundreds households were surveyed. Result: The prevalence of moderate to severe PTSD symptom was 36% of the subjects. The severity of PTSD was affected by gender, economic status and affected by damaged property, physical injury, worsening existing disease, getting infectious disease, amount of experienced traumatic event before disaster, warning, taking shelter, and subjects revealed differences in somatization as severity of PTSD. According to the description, community members had re-experiencing, hyper-arousal and avoidance. Conclusion: At a rural area, South Korea, community members have suffered from psychological distress after disaster. So psychological interventions are required as affecting factors and also to plan for warning and shelter in disaster situation is needed for preventing PTSD.