• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 1999

배경: 흉부결핵의 외과적 치료성적을 분석하여 안정성을 확인하고 적응증을 넓히고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1995년 5월까지 흉부결핵으로 진단받고 수술을 받은 107명중 저자에게 시술받은 87명의 병록지를 후향 분석하였다. 환자를 4군으로 분류하였다. 제 1군은 폐엽병변의 쇄기절제술 여부에 관계없이 폐박피술을 시행한 45명이고, 제 2군은 개흉술 여부에 관계없이 늑막주위 및 늑골결핵을 수술한 23명이며, 제 3군은 일측전폐적출술을 시행한 12명였으며, 제 4군은 시험적 개흉술 혹은 쇄기절제술을 시행받은 7명이었다. 결과: 수술 후 사망례는 없었으며, 수술 후 합병증은 흉벽육종을 동반한 환자에서 1례(1.1%)발생하였다. 결론: 적절한 내과적 치료 후 흉부결핵의 정확한 수술요법은 안전하고 만족스러운 결과를 보였으며, 근치를 위한 적응이 되며, 결핵균 보균자의 퇴출목적으로 수술 적응증을 넓일 수 있다는 것을 본 연구를 통하여 제시한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Objectives In pediatrics of Korean Medicine, it is crucial to evaluate the overall symptoms of children, especially in the children who have serious troubles in their life. In the era when diagnosis in Korean Medicine is quite suitable to evaluate multiple allergic diseases, and when growing numbers are in needs, development of an objective measurement scale for diagnosis of allergic disease in Korean Medicine became essential. Therefore, in the study, pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ) was translated into Korean version with validations on some aspects. Methods In this study, we translated and validated the PADQLQ and established psychometric evidence on its utility in Korean children with similar problems. 71 children, age of 6 ~ 18 with allergic disease has participated. Results The internal consistency reliability of the PADQLQ by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was 0.94. In three domains (Practical, Physical, Emotional), the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was 0.77, 0.90 and 0.69. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between PADQLQ total score and VAS was 0.75 (p<0.001). And, Structural validity was evaluated by the ANOVA test. QoL differences of the four groups in the three domains (practical, physical, emotional) were significant. The item discriminative indices were ranged from 0.1651 to 0.8188. Conclusions Korean version PADQLQ is highly reliable and valid for children with allergic diseases. This is significant to assess the relative seriousness of the allergic diseases and to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments in Korean Medicine.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between colon transit time (CTT) test value and initial maintenance dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 or lactulose. Methods: Of 415 children with chronic functional constipation, 190 were enrolled based on exclusion criteria using the CTT test, defecation diary, and clinical chart. The CTT test was performed with prior disimpaction. The laxative dose for maintenance was determined on the basis of the defecation diary and clinical chart. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall group median value and interquartile range of the CTT test was 43.8 (31.8) hours. The average PEG 4000 dose for maintenance in the overall group was $0.68{\pm}0.18g/kg/d$; according to age, the dose was $0.73{\pm}0.16g/kg/d$ (<8 years), $0.53{\pm}0.12g/kg/d$ (8 to <12 years), and $0.36{\pm}0.05g/kg/d$ (12 to 15 years). The dose of lactulose was $1.99{\pm}0.43mL/kg/d$ (<8 years) or $1.26{\pm}0.25mL/kg/d$ (8 to <12 years). There was no significant correlation between CTT test value and initial dose of laxative, irrespective of the subgroup (encopresis, abnormal CTT test subtype) for either laxative. Even in the largest group (overall, n=109, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000), the correlation was weak (Pearson's correlation coefficient [R]=0.268, p=0.005). Within the abnormal transit group, subgroup (n=73, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000) correlation was weak (R=0.267, p=0.022). Conclusion: CTT test value cannot predict the initial maintenance dose of PEG 4000 or lactulose with linear correlation.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine assessment of test-retest reliability for 13 items of pediatric balance scales, then the intrarater reliability among the raters. METHODS: Study participants included 6 children with spastic cerebral palsy who could walk. Raters were consist of seventy-four, 2nd year physical therapy major students. The children's ability to achieve physical balance was wideotaped for PBS items. The raters watched the tapes and evlauated each child twice. Test-retest reliability was analyzed using the Spearman correlation, and interrater reliability was analyzed using the Kendall's coefficient of concordance for ranks. RESULTS: The total PBS scores averaged 49.22 and 50.06 for first and second tests. Test-retest reliability of PBS individual items were between low and high. The low itmes were 3 items, and high were 4 itmes. Interrater reliability were low agreement. CONCLUSION: Based on the study, the pediatric balance scale is an effective evaluating tool for measuring functional balance of school age child. However, the agreement of students or beginner's interpretation is necessary in conjunction to this study results. On top of that, it is important to provide detailed explanation and repetitive training, which improves the analysis reliability. Also, each category subscores level for the pediatric balance scale must be examined carefully in conjunction to performing test, only after improving match quality via preceding practice.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between center of pressure (CoP) and local stability of the lower joints, which was calculated based on approximate entropy (ApEn) during walking in elderly women. Method: Eighteen elderly women were recruited (age: $66.4{\pm}1.2yrs$; mass: $55.4{\pm}8.3kg$; height: $1.56{\pm}0.04m$) for this study. Before collecting data, reflective marker triads composed of 3 non-collinear spheres were attached to the lateral surface of the thigh and shank near the mid-segment to measure motion of the thigh and shank segments. To measure foot motion, reflective markers were placed on the shoe at the heel, head of the fifth metatarsal, and lateral malleolus, and were also placed on the right anterior-superior iliac spine, left anterior-superior iliac spine, and sacrum to observe pelvic motion. During treadmill walking, kinematic data were recorded using 6 infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden) with a 100 Hz sampling frequency and kinetic data were collected from a treadmill (Instrumented Treadmill, Bertec, USA) for 20 strides. From kinematic data, 3D angles of the lower extremity's joint were calculated using Cardan technique and then ApEn were computed for their angles to evaluate local stability. Range of CoP was determined from the kinetic data. Pearson product-moment and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were applied to find relationship between CoP and ApEn. The level of significance was determined at p<.05. Results: There was a negative linear correlation between CoP and ApEn of hip joint adduction-abduction motion (p<.05), but ApEn of other joint motion did not affect the CoP. Conclusion: It was conjectured that ApEn, local stability index, for adduction/abduction of the hip joint during walking could be useful as a fall predictor.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of relining materials on the flexural strength of relined thermoplastic denture base resins (TDBRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. For shear bond strength testing, 120 specimens were fabricated using four TDBRs (EstheShot-Bright, Acrytone, Valplast, Weldenz) that were bonded with three autopolymerizing denture relining resins (ADRRs: Vertex Self-Curing, Tokuyama Rebase, Ufi Gel Hard) with a bond area of 6.0 mm in diameter and were assigned to each group (n=10). For flexural strength testing, 120 specimens measuring $64.0{\times}10.0{\times}3.3mm$ (ISO-1567:1999) were fabricated using four TDBRs and three ADRRs and were assigned to each group (n=10). The thickness of the specimens measured 2.0 mm of TDBR and 1.3 mm of ADRR. Forty specimens using four TDBRs and 30 specimens using ADRRs served as the control. All specimens were tested on a universal testing machine. For statistical analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test as post hoc and Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis (P=.05) were performed. RESULTS. Acry-Tone showed the highest shear bond strength, while Weldenz demonstrated the lowest bond strength between TDBR and ADRRs compared to other groups. EstheShot-Bright exhibited the highest flexural strength, while Weldenz showed the lowest flexural strength. Relined EstheShot-Bright demonstrated the highest flexural strength and relined Weldenz exhibited the lowest flexural strength (P<.05). Flexural strength of TDBRs (P=.001) and shear bond strength (P=.013) exhibited a positive correlation with the flexural strength of relined TDBRs. CONCLUSION. The flexural strength of relined TDBRs was affected by the flexural strength of the original denture base resins and bond strength between denture base resins and relining materials.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-188
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• 1993

To obtain a clear understanding of the degree of effect by the food color in diet habits, this study was a survey of the taste for food color. In this study, the term of investigation was tow months(May and Jun. 1992), the object was 10's∼50's women, and the sampling of them at random contain 100 person, respectively. The data-treatment was determinded by frequency, percentage, SD, Chi-square, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, Correlation, F-test as measured by SAS program for PC and statistical figures were obtained by GDAS. The results were as follows; 1. Food color in diet habits. : The relationship of food color with appetite by age group was showed to affect all age groups having more then 90%. The concern for food color by age group showed the lowst teenage having 56.7%, showing more then 70% except teenage. When chosen food, The most important characteristics of food was not age group but taste. In the correlation between characteristics, The correlation between color and form, taste and nutrition was showed affirmative. The difference test for the taste of food color and general color was shown, and the level of significance was chosen at 95%. 2. In the correlation between food color and the sense of emotion, The food color of depression and solitude was purple, the color of sadness and crying was white. But in case of only solitude, A statistical significance was shown. 3. In the investigation of taste for food color, the mean of taste degree was high in red, orange, yellow, yellowish green, green, white and low in blue, black. Their statistical significance was shown between colors but, was not shown between age groups. 4. In the relation of food color and associated with food, the colors of associated with food shown a vast difference with natural food color were blue(85.5%), purple(80.0%), pink(41.7%) and yellow(40.0%) but, A red color was not shown the error rate of associated with food color at all. Almost all kinds of associated with food were fruits and vegetables.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2008

Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2000

Nausea, vomiting and retching are universal symptoms that affect individuals' state of health and self-care activities of individuals. Accurate measurements of individual symptoms are required to gather more definitive data, and enhance understanding, planning, and implementation of self-care actions. Recently the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching(INVR), a new format of the INV-2(the Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting), was developed to measure the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and retching in an English speaking population. To determine the reliability and validity of the INVR, and the possibility of using the instrument in Korea, the Korean translation of the INVR and the INV-2 were administered to a convenient sample of 105 patients at two University Hospitals in Kwangju, Korea. The Cronbach's alpha to estimate the internal consistency of reliability for INVR was 0.844. Equivalent measures of reliability were conducted to determine the percentage of agreement and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients for responses on the two instruments. The percent agreement was 83% and the correlation coefficient was 0.906 over all. A significant differences between the INVR scores of the patients with and without nausea, vomiting, or retching were seen, which indicated a construct validity. The INVR was found to be more user friendly for the patient and the healthcare providers. As a result, it is suggested that the INVR can provide a scientific base for measuring the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and retching for nurses to improve patients' care and quality of life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.855-860
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on high-frequency ultrasound and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 548 patients who underwent initial surgery for PTC between May 2011 and December 2012 in our hospital at diagnosis. The sonographic features of 513 PTC nodules in 513 eligible patients, who had single PTC nodules in their thyroid glands, were retrospectively investigated. All patients with a suspect malignant nodule (d<0.5cm) among multiple nodules were initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to ascertain if the suspect nodule was PTC. The final diagnosis of all the thyroid nodules and existence of CLNM were based on postoperative pathology. Patients were divided into two groups: a positive group with CLNM (224 nodules) and a negative group without CLNM (289 nodules). The following factors were investigated: gender, age, echogenicity, echotexture, size, shape, location, margin, contour, calcification morphology, distance between the nodule and pre- or post-border of the thyroid capsule, vascularity and the differences between the two groups. Results: Correlation analysis showed that shorter distances between the nodule and pre- or postborder of thyroid capsule resulted in greater risk of CLNM (Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.22, p<0.0001). The significant factors in multivariate analysis were age<45yrs, larger size (d>1cm), "wider than tall" shape, extrathyroid extension and mixed flow (internal and peripheral) (p<0.05, OR=0.406, 2.093, 0.461, 1.610, 1.322). Conclusions: Significant sonographic features of PTC nodules in preoperative high-frequency ultrasound are crucial for predicting CLNM.