DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationship between Center of Pressure and Local Stability of the Lower Joints during Walking in the Elderly Women

  • Ryu, Ji-Seon (Motion Innovation Center, Korea National Sport University)
  • Received : 2017.04.27
  • Accepted : 2017.06.08
  • Published : 2017.06.30

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between center of pressure (CoP) and local stability of the lower joints, which was calculated based on approximate entropy (ApEn) during walking in elderly women. Method: Eighteen elderly women were recruited (age: $66.4{\pm}1.2yrs$; mass: $55.4{\pm}8.3kg$; height: $1.56{\pm}0.04m$) for this study. Before collecting data, reflective marker triads composed of 3 non-collinear spheres were attached to the lateral surface of the thigh and shank near the mid-segment to measure motion of the thigh and shank segments. To measure foot motion, reflective markers were placed on the shoe at the heel, head of the fifth metatarsal, and lateral malleolus, and were also placed on the right anterior-superior iliac spine, left anterior-superior iliac spine, and sacrum to observe pelvic motion. During treadmill walking, kinematic data were recorded using 6 infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden) with a 100 Hz sampling frequency and kinetic data were collected from a treadmill (Instrumented Treadmill, Bertec, USA) for 20 strides. From kinematic data, 3D angles of the lower extremity's joint were calculated using Cardan technique and then ApEn were computed for their angles to evaluate local stability. Range of CoP was determined from the kinetic data. Pearson product-moment and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were applied to find relationship between CoP and ApEn. The level of significance was determined at p<.05. Results: There was a negative linear correlation between CoP and ApEn of hip joint adduction-abduction motion (p<.05), but ApEn of other joint motion did not affect the CoP. Conclusion: It was conjectured that ApEn, local stability index, for adduction/abduction of the hip joint during walking could be useful as a fall predictor.

Keywords

References

  1. Bergland, A., Jarnlo, G. B. & Laake, K. (2003). Predictor of falls in the elderly by location. Aging Clinical Experimental Research, 15, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324479
  2. Cohen, H., Blatchly, C. A. & Gomblash, L. I. (1993). A study of the clinical test of the sensory interaction and balance. Physical Theraphy, 73, 345-346. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/73.6.345
  3. Chiu, S. L. & Chou, L. S. (2012). Effect of walking speed on inter-joint coordination differs between young and elderly adults. Journal of Biomechanics, 45, 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.10.028
  4. Chiu, S. L. & Chou, L. S. (2013). Variability in inter-joint coordination during walking of elderly adults and its association with clinical balance measures. Clinical Biomechanics, 28, 454-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.03.001
  5. Collins, J. J. & De Luca, C. J. (1993). Open-loop and closed-loop control of posture -a random-walk analysis of center-of-pressure trajectories. Experimental Brain Research, 95, 308-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229788
  6. Collins, J. J. & De Luca, C. J. (1995). The effects of visual input on openloop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms. Experimental Brain Research, 103(1), 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00241972
  7. Ferine, G. R., Gryfe, C. I., Holiday, P. J. & Liewellyn, A. (1982). The relationship of postural sway in standing to the incidence of falls in geriatric subjects. Age and Aging, 11(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/11.1.11
  8. Frontera, W. R., Meredith, C. N. & O'Relly, K. P. (1989). Strength conditioning in older men skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 64, 1044-1089.
  9. Frontera, W. R., Meredith, C. N., O'Reilly, K. P., Knuttgen, H. G. & Evans, W. J. (1988). Strength conditioning in the older Men: Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved funtion. Journal of Applied Physiology, 64(3), 1038-1044. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1038
  10. Gauchard, G. C., Gangloff, P., Jeanel, C. & Perrin, P. P. (2003). Physical activity improve gaze and posture control in the elderly. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 45(4), 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-0102(03)00008-7
  11. Geurts, A. C., Ribbers, G. M. & Knoop, J. A. (1996). Identification of static and dynamic postural instability following traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 77, 639-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90001-5
  12. Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Salive, M. E. & Wallace, R. B. (1995). Lower extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 556-561. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199503023320902
  13. Hahn, M. E. & Chou, L. S. (2003). Can motion of individual body segments identify dynamic instability in the elderly? Clinical Biomechanics, 18, 737-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00139-6
  14. Hamill, J. & Ryu, J. (2003). Experiment in sport biomechanics. Daehanmedia, 111-121.
  15. Hausdorff, J., Rios, D. & Edelberg, H. (2001). Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 82, 1050-1056. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.24893
  16. Health (2017). Chosun daily newspaper health section D1, Jan 11.
  17. Johnell, O. & Kanis, J. A. (2006). An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis International, 17, 1726-1733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0172-4
  18. Mahoney, J. E. (1998). Immobility and falls. Clinical in Geriatric Medicine, 14, 699-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30087-9
  19. Maki, B. E. (1997). Gait changes in older adults: Predictors of falls or indicators of fear? Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 45, 313-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00946.x
  20. Maki, B. E., Holliday, P. J. & Topper, A. K. (1994). A prospective study of postual balance and risk of falling in an ambulatory and independent elderly population. Journal of Gerontology, 49, 72-84.
  21. Melzer, I., Kurz, I. & Oddsson, L. I. E. (2010) A retrospective analysis of balance control parameters in elderly fallers and non-fallers. Clinical Biomechanics, 25, 984-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.07.007
  22. Melzer, I. & Oddsson, L. I. (2004). The effect of a cognitive task on voluntary step execution in healthy elderly and young individuals. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 52(8), 1255-1262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52353.x
  23. Owings, T. M., Pavol, M. J., Foley, K. T. & Grabiner, M. D. (2000). Measures of postural stability are not predictors of recovery from large postual disturbances in healthy older adults. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 48, 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03027.x
  24. Paterson, K., Hill, K. & Lythgo, N. (2011). Stride dynamic, gait variability and prospective falls risk in active community dwelling older woman. Gait & Posture, 33, 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.11.014
  25. Piirtola, M. & Era, P. (2006). Force platform measurements as predictors of falls among older people. A Review Gerontology, 52(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1159/000089820
  26. Preatoni, E., Hamill, J., Harrison, A. J., Hayes, K., Emmerik, V. R., Wilson, C. & Rodano, R. (2014). Movement variability and skills monitoring in sports. Sports Biomechanics, 12(2), 69-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.738700
  27. Rao, S. S. (2005). Prevention of falls in older patients. American Family Physician, 72, 81-88.
  28. Rubenstein, L. Z. & Josephson, K. R. (2002). The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 18, 141-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(02)00002-2
  29. Ryu, J. S. (2014). Variability of GRF components between increased running times during prolonged run. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 24(4), 359-365. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.4.359
  30. Ryu, J. S. (2016). Effects of Prolonged Running-Induced Fatigue on Periodicity of Shank-Foot Segment Coupling and Free Torque. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 26(3), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.3.257
  31. Ryu, J. S. (2017). Lower extremities’joint stability during the elderly woman's walking. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 27(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.1.45
  32. Schlicht, J., Camaione, D. N. & Owen, S. V. (2001). Effect of intense strength training on standing balance, walking speed and sit to stand performance in older auduts. Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Science and Medical Science, 56(5), M281-286.
  33. Stel, V. S., Smit, J. H., Pluijm, S. M. & Lips, P. (2003). Blance and mobility performance as treatable risk factors for recurrent falling in older persons. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 56, 659-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00082-9
  34. Stergiou, N., Giakas, G., Byrne, J. E. & Pomeroy, V. (2002). Frequency Domain Characteristics of Ground Reaction Forces during Walking of young and elderly females. Clinical Biomechanics, 17, 615-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(02)00072-4
  35. Teasdale, N. & Simoneau, M. (2001). Attentional demands for postural control: the effects of aging and sensory reintegration. Gait & Posture, 14, 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00134-5
  36. Verghese, J., Holtzer, R., Lipton, R. B. & Wang, C. (2009). Quantitative gait markers and incident fall risk in older adults. Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Science and Medical Science, 64A, 896-901. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glp033