• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 1991

The sludge, a waste of brewery industries, was examined for potentials as a natural organic fertilizer (or soil conditioner) for lawn. Trial products were measured for changes of physical, chemical properties in laboratory and seed germination and seedling growth in green house were also tested. The results are as the following:1The sludge from distilled liquor brewery contained high quantity of organic matter which had proper physical and chemical properties for lawn fertilizer (natural organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, top-dressing mix) . It showed good characteristics in handling and capabilities to be developed as commercial products for golf courses. 2.Sludge from beer company needs proper treatment to improve physical properties for futher degradiation. It is because aggregation of the sludge particles prevented microbial activities and changing to soluble form. 3.Green carbon can be used as carbon source for organic fertilizer production using brewery sludge, but it should not contain wood extract which inhibit seed germination and seedling growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.417-421
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to study on the construction of roadbed with environmental friendly soil amendment agent. The special amendment agent used in this study is mainly composed of inorganic metal salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride,, thus is friendly to the environment, and has a function of soil-cement-agent solidification. Various components of this agent weaken the negative function of humic acid and decompose humic acid itself. Then, the calcium cation of the cement can now be made contact directly to the soil surface. The project of local road demonstration of roadbed construction with special soil treatment agent was peformed in Northeast Thailand on August 1999 by the sponsor of Highway Department of Thailand. A series of field experiments including unconfined compressive strength were carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of solidified roadbed treated by this solidifying agent. The results of this research showed that the roadbed using poor soil could be efficiently constructed by treatment of this amendment agent.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.703-709
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• 2011

This study was conducted at Korea's typical soil, loamy soil, to figure out the effect of how barley green manure (B), hairy vetch (HV) and the mixed-planting hairy vetch with barley green manure (HV/B) affecting on the yield of rice, usage of nutrient and soil characteristics. Supplying amount of nitrogen from HV, HV/B and B were 172.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 64.3 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 38.6 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Hairy vetch had the highest plant height and SPAD of rice and next was hairy vetch/barley, chemical fertilizer (CF), none fertilizer (NF), and green manure barley. The amount of rice yield was 5.51 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV, and 4.24 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV/B. The chemical characteristics of soil showed lower pH and exchangeable cations (Ca and Mg) at B, HV and HV/B plot rather than that of chemical fertilizer (CF) plot. However, the physical characteristics of soil and the porosity rate showed better tendency at the green manure crops than CF. Nitrogen nutrient balance was showed the most balanced at CF, otherwise field of application of green manure crops were required the appropriate nutrition management if future crops would be cultivated because nitrogen nutrient could be devastated or accumulated.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana is an endangered deciduous shrub distributed in mountain areas that is vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this study was to provide foundational data on the physical characteristics, soil environment, and vegetation structure of habitats of Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana habitat in Korea in order to help with management decisions on ecosystem restoration. Rock exposure was 15 to 35%, with an average of 24%. The native habitat of D. pseudomezereum included 129 taxa consisting of 46 families and 95 genera. Two-way cluster analysis divided the habitat into three plant communities: Community I (dominaterd by Tilia amurensis and Quercus mongolica), Community II (dominaterd by Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer pseudosieboldianum), and Community III (dominaterd by Ulmus davidiana var. japonica). The diversity indices for Communities I, II, and III were 1.124, 1.047 and 0.932, respectively. The soils were loam or clay loam. Soil pH, organic matter content, and available phosphoric acid were 5.40, 14.38%, and 31.08 ppm, respectively. Ordination analysis resulted that most significant factors influencing D. pseudomezereum distribution were magnesium content of soil, shrub layer, and altitude.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.293-303
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the direction or orientation of clay particle movement in argillic horizons (Bt) for clarifying the soil classification of soils. Soil samples were collected from 22 soil series containing Bt horizons. Physical and chemical characteristics and mineral and chemical compositions of clay in the soils were analyzed. Micoromorphological characteristics of the Bt horizons were also investigated with thin sections of the natural undisturbed and oriented soil samples. Average clay content in the Bt horizons was 28% and 1.33 times higher comparing to that in the surface layer. Soil pH was higher, but cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter content were lower in Bt horizon than those in the surface layer. There was an evidence of clay accumulation in Bt horizons of all soil series examined except Bangog series. Although there was an increase of clay content in the horizons in Bangog series, the clay was not originated from illuviation process. The translocation of clay was in the order of an 2:1 expandable clay minerals > 2:1 non-expandable clay minerals > 1:1 clay minerals. The illuvial substances in argillic horizon were composed with clay, amorphous iron and opaque mineral. The micoromorphological features of Bt horizon were void coating, channel infilling and grain coating. There was an apparent boundary between clay coating and the groundmass in residuum and colluvium, but Bt horizon of alluvium was composed of a skew plane amputated by the physical operation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1C
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

This paper evaluates the applicability of wave-based nondestructive methodologies and a penetration test for compaction quality measurements during road construction. To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of compacted subgrade soil layers, soil stiffness gauge (SSG), time domain reflectometry (TDR), and miniature electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers were used to nondestructively evaluate the soil response during and after compaction and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) profiles were used to evaluate the soil shear strength after compaction was completed. At the field site, two types of soils were compacted with four different compaction equipments and energies. Field testing results indicate that soil parameters evaluated by different testing methods, which are SSG, TDR, MEMS accelerometer, and DCP, are highly correlated. In addition, it is shown that the physical and mechanical tests deployed in this study can be used as alternative methods to the conventional compaction quality evaluation methods when assessing the overall quality and the engineering response of compacted lifts.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the settlement characteristics of rockfill embankments mixed with soil by confirming the physical properties of soil materials mixed with silty materials and analyzing the compression characteristics of gravel materials according to the mixing ratio of soil materials. For this, we mixed silty materials into sandy soil to analyze the compression characteristics of soil materials, and we constructed a foundation by mixing various ratios of soil into rockfill materials with a particle distribution similar to that of river gravel, and conducted a one-dimensional compression experiment using a medium-sized chamber. As a result of the experiment, in the case of mixed soil materials, the Transition Fine Content (TFC) appeared in the range of 21~26% depending on the load condition, and in the case of rockfill materials mixed with soil, as the void filling ratio of soil in gravel samples increases, both total compression and creep compression decreases, but after a 50% mixing ratio, the settlement of amount increases again.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2008

The principle goal of environmentally-friendly agriculture is to maintain and conserve water and agriculture environment including drinking water resources by properly using agricultural materials such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers, and other agricultural materials according to act 19 of foster law of environmentally-friendly agriculture. To achieve these goals, we have to establish Integrated Nutrient Management(INM) and Integrated Pesticide Management(IPM) which are most important core technologies for environmentally-friendly rice cultivation. However, there are lack of criteria and technology for evaluation category according to soil management and its soil classes to practice an environmentally-friendly agriculture. Therefore, we should eatablish the standards to produce the safe agricultural products based on the soil physical and chemical characteristics which are basic properties of soil to accomplish the principle aims of environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1995

In eight golf courses of southern area fair way soil profile was investigated for soil physical, chemical properties, and root distribution. These were carried out only A horizon(lScm depth) in one golf course. Soil series was all different, Leaching to lower horizon was greator in order of Mg=$NO_3$> $NH_4$=Ca> K. Organic matter content was higher in B horizon than A in three golf courses. Soil phosphorus appeared to more down greatly in two golf courses. Soil pH was higher in lower horizon of all places. Such pH increase with depth seemed to he related with mineral leaching, Among the horizons of all golf courses BC showed significant correlation with K (EC =0.1025K +0.0157, r=0. 8012 p=0. 001 n=20). Both Fe and Mn were higher in A horizon.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.282-291
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• 2022

Background: The Arctic permafrost stores enormous amount of carbon (C), about one third of global C stocks. However, drastically increasing temperature in the Arctic makes the stable frozen C stock vulnerable to microbial decomposition. The released carbon dioxide from permafrost can cause accelerating C feedback to the atmosphere. Soil organic matter (SOM) composition would be the basic information to project the trajectory of C under rapidly changing climate. However, not many studies on SOM characterization have been done compared to quantification of SOM stocks. Thus, the purpose of our study is to determine soil properties and molecular compositions of SOM in four different Arctic regions. We collected soils in different soil layers from 1) Cambridge Bay, Canada, 2) Council, Alaska, USA, 3) Svalbard, Norway, and 4) Zackenberg, Greenland. The basic soil properties were measured, and the molecular composition of SOM was analyzed through pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS). Results: The Oi layer of soil in Council, Alaska showed the lowest soil pH and the highest electrical conductivity (EC) and SOM content. All soils in each site showed increasing pH and decreasing SOC and EC values with soil depth. Since the Council site was moist acidic tundra compared to other three dry tundra sites, soil properties were distinct from the others: high SOM and EC, and low pH. Through the py-GC/MS analysis, a total of 117 pyrolysis products were detected from 32 soil samples of four different Arctic soils. The first two-axis of the PCA explained 38% of sample variation. While short- and mid-hydrocarbons were associated with mineral layers, lignins and polysaccharides were linked to organic layers of Alaska and Cambridge Bay soil. Conclusions: We conclude that the py-GC/MS results separated soil samples mainly based on the origin of SOM (plants- or microbially-derived). This molecular characteristics of SOM can play a role of controlling SOM degradation to warming. Thus, it should be further investigated how the SOM molecular characteristics have impacts on SOM dynamics through additional laboratory incubation studies and microbial decomposition measurements in the field.