• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2024

The lung is a complex organ comprising a branched airway that connects the large airway and millions of terminal gas-exchange units. Traditional pulmonary biomedical research by using cell line model system have limitations such as lack of cellular heterogeneity, animal models also have limitations including ethical concern, race-to-race variations, and physiological differences found in vivo. Organoids and on-a-chip models offer viable solutions for these issues. Organoids are three-dimensional, self-organized construct composed of numerous cells derived from stem cells cultured with growth factors required for the maintenance of stem cells. On-a-chip models are biomimetic microsystems which are able to customize to use microfluidic systems to simulate blood flow in blood channels or vacuum to simulate human breathing. This review summarizes the key components and previous biomedical studies conducted on lung organoids and lung-on-a-chip models, and introduces potential future applications. Considering the importance and benefits of these model systems, we believe that the system will offer better platform to biomedical researchers on pulmonary diseases, such as emerging viral infection, progressive fibrotic pulmonary diseases, or primary or metastatic lung cancer.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

다중 적층법을 이용하여 수평방향으로 자기정렬된 InGaAs/GaAs 양자점(quantum dot, QD)을 제작하고, 원자력간 현미경(AFM) 사진과 발광(PL) 스펙트럼을 이용하여 QD의 특성을 분석하였다. 적층주기가 증가함에 따라 정렬 QD의 길이가 길어지고, 임계 성장온도 이상에서는 QD 사이의 상호확 산에 의하여 양자선 형태로 변화함을 관측하였다. 성장 변수가 서로 다른 4개 시료의 비교 분석을 통하여, 수직으로 적층되면서 비등방성 정렬이 이루어지고, 수 ${\mu}m$ 이상 1차원적으로 정렬된 QD 사슬 모양 의 구조를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 성장일시멈춤 과정을 통한 이주시간의 증가는 QD의 1차윈 정렬에 중요한 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 고온에서 덮개층을 형성한 QD 구조에서 관측된 발광 에너지의 청색변위 현상은 InGaAs QD로부터 In이 덮개층으로 확산되었기 때문으로 해석된다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2010

본 연구는 시설 아동에게 맞는 사회적 기술 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하여 효과를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 서울특별시에 거주하는 초등학교 4학년부터 6학년 아동선택 후 각각 실험집단과 비교집단으로 구분하여 실험집단에게 집단상담 프로그램에 희망하고 시간이 가능한 아동 10명을 실험집단으로 선정하여 6주 동안 총 12회의 활동을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 주요 결과를 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 기술 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램을 실시한 실험집단은 시설 아동의 자기주장, 협력, 자기 통제 점수가 통제집단에 비해 의미 있게 높은 것으로 나타나 본 프로그램은 아동의 사회적 기술 증진에 효과가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 사회적 기술 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램은 아동의 자기주장, 협력, 자기통제 행동 반응이 증진되어졌음을 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 사회적 기술 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램은 시설 현장에 활용 할 수 있으며 아동의 사회적 기술에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5011-5017
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• 2012

Background: Overexposure to sunlight in childhood and the adolescent period and associsated sunburns significantly increase the risk of skin cancer in adulthood. In Turkey, the incidence of skin cancer in the general population is 0.8%. The incidence is 0.6% and the mortality rate is 0.4% for men, while these rates are 1.0% and 0.7%, respectively, for women. If skin cancer is found early, its treatment is facilitated. Therefore, personal skin examination is important for early diagnosis. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the effects of training for raising consciousness among adolescents to protect against skin cancer by influencing skin self examination behavior. Method: This quasi experimental intervention study was conducted between February and April 2012 in Izmir. The study population consisted of students attending $6^{th}$, $7^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ classes of a primary school (n:302). No sampling was performed. Data were collected with a form developed by the researchers based on the literature. The first part of form is aimed to determine demographic characteristics of adolescents (3 questions) and their risk status of skin cancer (6 questions). The second part was prepared for skin cancer risks of adolescents (8 questions) and indications of skin cancer (12 questions). The last part was intended to determine their knowledge about skin self examination (4 questions) and behavioral stages of skin self examination (1 question). Data collection was achieved with a questionnaire form in three phases. In the 1st phase, data about demographic characteristics of students, risk status of skin cancer, knowledge level of skin cancer and behavior stages were collected. In the $2^{nd}$ phase, skin self examination training based on the transtheoretical model was performed within the same day just after obtaining preliminary data. In the $3^{rd}$ phase, adolescents were followed up three times to establish the efficacy of the training (on the $15^{th}$ day after training program and at end of the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ months). Follow-up data were evaluated by questioning skin self examination performing behavior stages through electronic mail. Results: Half of the adolescents (50.5%) are male, and 58.4% of them are 13 years old with a mean age of $12{\pm}1.15$ years. About 29.4% of adolescents had brown hair color, 37.9% had brown/hazel eye color, 29.4% had white skin, and 47.2% had fewer than 10 moles in their body. The pretest mean score on knowledge level about risks of skin cancer was found to be $4.19{\pm}1.96$, while the post-test mean score was $6.79{\pm}1.67$ (min:0, max:8).The pretest mean score about indications of skin cancer was $7.45{\pm}3.76$, while the post-test mean score was $10.7{\pm}2.60$ (min:0, max:12). The increases were statistically significant (p<0.05). The behavior "I do not perform skin self examination regularly in every month and I do not think to perform it in the next 6 months" was reduced from 52.8 to 35.5% after training. Conclusion: The training program organized to raise consciousness among adolescents for protection against skin cancer increased the knowledge level about risks and indications of skin cancer and it also improved the behavior of performing skin self examination.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2001

Purpose : This study, as the first year project of setting up a community based management system, was attempted for the cancer patients and their family to improve their quality of life; investigating and managing the cancer patients, educating volunteers and connecting the patients with the volunteers were performed. Method and result : The education of managing cancer patients for the volunteers was done once in lune for 2 days to the 80 volunteers. Questions about education effect, volunteer motivation and so on were made up. The survey showed, generally, education satisfaction level was high and a longer education and an intensive course were needed and was suggested that organizing a volunteer community be needed for the continuous further education and systematic management. As the result, after the public health center and volunteers deliberated, a volunteer community consisting of 4 teams, 28 members was organized, launched in Oct. and operated for the cancer patients and their family. For investigating and enrolling the patients, advertising on a local information paper, recommending of local doctors, publicizing by educating the heads of a subdivision of the city, the heads of a neighborhood association and the people in charge of the related local communities such as women's society, and surveying the community by volunteers were performed and the total, 41 patients were registered. Management of cancer patients was carried out by volunteers in a community and in a nursing school. A regional volunteers' community is composed of 23 members and they have worked 87 times, that is 3.8 times per capita on an average. The content of duties is attending the education (41.1%) the most. A volunteers' community of nursing students composed of 12 members have worked 135 times, that is 11.3 times per capita on an average. The content of duties - consulting with patients and home visiting (37.8 %) were the most and survey for investigating the cancer patients was the second. Conclusion : This study has the meaning that this is the guiding attempt in building a community based management system, and especially the achievement of this study is that a regional society organized a volunteer community for the cancer patients by itself and went into action for the cancer patients and their family. Furthermore, to activate this volunteering, it is necessary to keep managing volunteers and running continuing education or the intensive course of the volunteers. Indeed we should let the patients have good impression on this program through publicity and education for the residents to keep track of more cancer patients. For that, systematic and powerful cooperation of a self-administrative organization is required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2004

Objectives: To evaluate the learning achievement and satisfaction levels for the Field Epidemiology Specialist Training Program (FESTP), on infectious disease control between March 19 and October 31, 2002. Methods : The FESTP was designed as a set of 84 hours curricula including lectures, discussions, self-studies, and field practicals, and organized both centrally and locally by the Division of Communicable Disease Control of the National Institute of Health and 11 universities. Before and after the program, a questionnaire survey on the educational need (49 items) and satisfaction (15 items) was conducted on 484 trainees, who were responsible for communicable disease control and immunization at 242 regional health centers. The data were analyzed with paired t-tests for comparison of the educational needs between the pre and post scores. Results : The average score for satisfaction was 3.06 out of 5.0; with relatively higher scores for sincerity (4.10) and professionalism (4.01) of the tutors, adequacy (3.54) and clearness (3.51) of the evaluation criteria, usefulness (3.54) and fitness (3.52) of the contents, but with relatively lower satisfaction for schedule (2.96) and self-studies (2.91). The average for requirement for education improved, as shown by the decrease from 2.72 to 2.22 (p<.0001) with the biggest decrease in the outbreak investigation from 2.60 to 2.08. Conclusion : The FESTP was evaluated as being effective, the trainees showed moderate satisfaction and decrease educational needs. However, the actual schedules and self-studies should be rearranged to improve the satisfaction level.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-80
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• 2014

Helen Lindquist Bonny는 음악을 통한 의식의 자기탐색인 Bonny 방식 심상음악 (Bonny Method Guided Imagery and Music: BMGIM)을 개발했으며, 이는 인본주의적 접근과 내담자 중심 치료방식의 영향을 받아 발달하였다. BMGIM은 자기인식과 자기계발을 통해 문제인식과 대면하도록 하여 통증완화, 불안 해소, 대인관계 개선 및 우울증 감소 등의 결과를 돕는다. 본 전기연구는 Bonny의 유년기 및 성장과정 및 삶을 질적 측면에서 돌아보며, 그녀의 인본주의적이며 초자아적 음악치료 개발에 이르기까지의 바탕 및 영향을 알아보고자 했다. 연구자는 인터뷰와 관련 자료의 문헌고찰을 통해 그녀의 삶을 유년시절 및 성장과정, 교육과정, BMGIM의 개발로 이끌었던 영감이 되는 경험, 또한 연구 및 임상훈련 등을 순차적으로 살펴본 다음, 각 전환점이 되는 사건이나 시기를 재검토하고 전체적으로 BMGIM 개발 및 발달의 맥락에서 의미성을 찾으려고 하고자 하였다. 또한, 1972년부터 1979년까지의 기간 동안 Bonny가 개발한 BMGIM 첫 음악프로그램 시리즈가 있기까지의 배경과 이와 관련된 그녀의 삶을 인본주의적 초자아적 철학 기반을 바탕으로 살펴보았다. 위의 기간 동안 개발한 BMGIM 음악프로그램의 첫 시리즈는 이 후 여러 다양한 GIM 음악프로그램의 밑바탕이 되었다는 Bonny의 의견에 근거하여 위 기간을 선정하게 되었다. Bonny의 초기 임상경험 및 업적은 Maslow의 개념과 Rogers의 접근방법을 적용하면서 음악치료학계에 공헌하였으며, 또한 음악을 중심으로 한 고유한 음악치료의 예로서 학계에 의미를 더하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

Respect for human life and respect for human dignity are two basic values to which organized nursing has urged its members to adhere in their service to mankind. Thus it is the nurses’ duty to provide health care in support of sustenance of life and to pay respect for the patient’s right to dignity. In practice, however, nurses may experience dilemmas between these duties much due to the de velopment of modern advanced techniques. These dilemmas have become more complex and difficult to resolve. Nurses are often faced with situations in which the terminally ill refuse professional care, posing serious conflicts between respect for human life and respect for human rights to self-determination. In such cases, resolution of the problem is not a simple matter, thus requires intensive study into the ethical questions related to the situation. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical problems that nurses experience in caring for terminally ill patients and explore the ways to the resolution of problems within the context of the situations. The methodology used for the study was a case study method which ‘New Casuistry’ proposed by Jonsen & Toulmin(1988) and the ‘Specified Principlism’ proposed by Degrazia(1992) as an alternative to old deductive and intuitive method. Cases were developed through semistructured indepth interviews according to the casutistry method. A total of seven nurses were interviewd who were caring for therminally ill patients. Four cases out of a total 14 cases were related to the topic. Through the case analysis it became evident that nurses appreciated other values more often than respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. These other values were convenience and efficiency in nursing practice in case 1, preservation of life above all other values in case 2, provision of nursing care to fulfill the nurse’s professional obligation at most in case 3, and respect for the family’s demand against the patient’s wish in case 4. This study showed that the most important ethical problems were conflict between respect for the patient’s right to self-determination and sustenance of life for the fulfillment of professional obligation. For this problem, benefit /burden analysis from the perspective of the patient and family for the promotion of patient’s wellbeing may be a way to resolve the conflict. Further, through these analysis it was shown that physicians’ and families’ opinions dominated in the decision - making and the opinions of nurses’ and patients’ tended not to be reflected. Thus the patient's right to his or her care was not readily respected. To solve this problem. nurses should make efforts to communicate reciprocally with their patients, family members and physicians in an effort to respect for their patient’s rights to life and diginity from the point of view and values of the patient. It is also important that nurses provide good basic nursing care up to the time of death regardless of decisions about providing or not aggressive treat-ment for chronically and terminally ill patients.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.29-52
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• 2004

사회복지는 수급자가 선택하고 결정하는 "이용자 위주의 복지"로 변화하고 있다. 따라서 복지이용자의 학대나 권리침해에 대한 반성, 자기결정과 선택 등 이용자의 권리강화를 위한 권리옹호(Advocacy) 시스템 구축이 필요하다. 본 연구는 사회복지와 권리옹호와의 관계, 권리옹호 시스템의 구조와 유형 등을 통하여 이용자의 권익을 대변하고 이용자 중심의 복지실현을 지원하는 권리옹호 시스템에 대해 고찰하였다. 구체적으로는 이용자 중심의 사회복지로의 변화 동향과 권리옹호의 의의, 이용자 지원을 둘러싼 사회복지제도의 쟁점을 고찰하고 이용자 지원을 위한 권리옹호의 유형을 살펴보았다. 또한 이용자 지원을 위해서 어떠한 권리옹호가 필요한지 권리옹호 시스템의 구조와 구체적인 내용을 고찰하고 이용자의 권리보장 규정의 명확화 컴플라이언스 원칙의 확립과 사회복지사의 역할강화, 자기결정과 선택을 위한 권리옹호의 기반정비 등 시스템 구축을 위한 과제에 대해 논의하였다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.731-747
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• 2015

본 연구는 창조의 시대를 맞아 발명영재 학생의 창의력을 신장하기 위한 역공학 교육방법을 활용한 RSP 발명영재교육 프로그램을 개발하고, 이를 적용해 효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 'RSP 발명영재교육 프로그램'을 발명교육 현장에 적용하여 본 프로그램이 발명영재 학생의 창의적 사고 기능 및 학업수행 자기효능감에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아봄으로써 RSP 발명 영재교육 프로그램의 현장 적용 가능성을 밝히고자 하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 개발한 발명 영재 학생을 위한 RSP 발명영재교육 프로그램은 프로그램의 목적과 목표, 내용, 교수-학습 방법, 평가가 연계성 있게 구성되어 발명영재의 창의적 사고 기능 및 학업수행 자기효능감 증진에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 TRIZ의 발명원리를 기초로 역공학 교육방법을 활용한 RSP를 적용하여 프로그램을 개발하고 실제 현장에 적용하였으므로 향후 발명영재교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가치가 있을 것이며, 발명영재교육의 구체적인 실천 프로그램으로 현장에서의 활용성과 효율성이 높을 것으로 기대한다.