• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

We developed the estimation model for the vegetation developmental processes on the severely burned slope areas after forest fire in the east coastal region, Korea. And we calculated the vegetation indices as a useful parameter for the development of land management technique in the burned area and suggested the changes of the vegetation indices after forest fire. In order to estimate the woody standing biomass in the burned area, allometric equations of the 17 woody species regenerated by sprouter were investigated. According to the our results, twenty year after forest fire need for the development to the normal forest formed by 4 stratum structure, tree, sub-tree, shrub and herb layer. The height of top vegetation layer, basal area and standing biomass of woody species show a tendency to increase linearly, and the ground vegetation coverage and litter layer show a tendency to increase logarithmically after forest fire. Among vegetation indices, Ive and Ivcd show a tendency to increase logarithmically, and Hcl and Hcdl show a tendency to increase linearly after forest fire. The spatial variation of the most vegetation factors was observed in the developmental stages less than the first 5 years which were estimated secondary disaster by soil erosion after forest fire. Among vegetation indices, Ivc and Ivcd were the good indices for the representation of the spatial heterogeneity in the earlier developmental stages, and Hcl and Hcdl were the useful indices for the long-term estimation of the vegetation development after forest fire.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

One major change in the 2015 revised national curriculum is that computational thinking ability is becoming an essential competency for students. Computational thinking is divided into abstraction, automation, and creative convergence in the curriculum for secondary schools' Information subject. And, the curriculum contains problem solving and programming area. Among the components of computational thinking, data representation emphasizes the ability to structure data and information for problem solving of learners. Pre-service teachers of Information subject at secondary schools also learn how to structure information through diagramming. There are differences in the ability to structure diagrams among students, but the studies on learning methods that help students develop their structuring abilities have rarely been performed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences of abstract thinking disposition and gender perspective among college students. As a result, female students had more concrete thinking disposition than male students. Also, there were gender differences according to the characteristics of diagrams. Differences in abstract thinking disposition also made a difference in structuring diagrams. It is useful for achieving the education purpose of improving computational thinking ability by finding out the differences in thinking tendency between males and females and finding the education method that can complement them.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 1995

The representation of point-observed environmental variables in Geographic Information Systems(GIS) has often been inadequate to meet the need of regional-scale ecological and environmental applications. To create a map of continuous surface that would represent more reliable spatial variations for these applications, I present three spatial estimation methods. Using a secondary variable of the proximity to coast line together with rainfall acidity data collected at the 63 acid rain monitoring stations in Korea, average rainfall acidity map was cteated using co-kriging. For comparison, two other commonly used interpolation methods (inverse distance weighting and kriging) were also applied to rainfall acidity data without reference to the secondary variable. These estimation methods were evaluated by both visual assessments of the output maps and the quantitative comparison of error measures that were obtained from cross validation. The co-kriging method produced a rainfall acidity map that showed noticeable improvement in repoducing the inherent spatial pattern as well as provided lower statistical error as compared to the methods using only the primary variable.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.81-107
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to assert the justification for actively accepting media education in Library and Information Science and to suggest the media type according to the concept and classification criteria of the media from the perspective of Library and Information Science. In order to present the media type according to the concept of the media, the dictionary concept of the media was reviewed, the language and media for high school students in Korean language, the educational materials for elementary and secondary school students written by Media Education Committee of Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies, the educational textbooks for elementary and secondary school students in Library and Information Science, and media classification presented in the RDA of the cataloging rules were analyzed. In addition, the implications were derived based on the analysis results of the concepts and media type. The concept of media was set based on the analysis results and implications, and the media types were presented according to the concepts and classification criteria. In this study, the media was set up in the same meaning as the medium, and it was defined that the media function as a means of communication and that information contained in it can be obtained through the human sensory apparatus through physical objects that contain, transmit or reproduce information. The media was set up as three logical components of the media in this study: information in the media, materials, and representation devices.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 2020

The photoelectric effect is a representative phenomenon explaining the particle nature of light and is an important theme that led to the transition from classical physics to modern physics. Although the secondary school curriculum deals with the photoelectric effect, teachers and students are often confused with terms because the explanation of the 'light intensity' is different from that of electromagnetic waves. Hence, this study examines how modern physics textbooks explain the intensity of light through photon model. We analyzed the photoelectric effect unit of 10 modern physics textbooks. Results show that there are two different types of representation on 'light intensity.' Especially those two different types were found even within a textbook. Modern physics textbooks do not seem to provide a unified presentation of the light and cautions to describe the photoelectric effect and its interpretation are suggested for teaching light intensity in modern physics.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.405-418
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• 2018

This paper was carried out to provide basic data for career search of the free school system. Putting the goal of career education into cultivating expertise, the review was made on the results of the previous studies on the requirements of professional practice. However, As the controversy over the requirements of professional practice has not been solved, so the core elements related to expert performance were examined as a whole through a fundamental cognitive mechanism from which diverse human cognitive characteristics appear. The results show that expert domains consists of content and representation that can exist in an integrated to a great variety of combinations between the two or independent manner, and each domain or field expert performance require different levels of the elements such as intelligence, internal thinking, curiosity (motivation), and obsession (task commitment); and the birth of 1% experts in a domain or field is determined by the obsession. Based on the results, this paper discusses issues related to professionalism and provides a concrete approach to career search during the free semester.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 1991

This tutorial paper has been written for biologists, physicians or beginners in fuzzy sets theory and applications. This field is introduced in the framework of medical diagnosis problems. The paper describes and illustrates with practical examples, a general methodology of special interest in the processing of borderline cases, that allows a graded assignment of diagnoses to patients. A pattern of medical knowledge consists of a tableau with linguistic entries or of fuzzy propositions. Relationships between symptoms and diagnoses are interpreted as labels of fuzzy sets. It is shown how possibility measures (soft matching) can be used and combined to derive diagnoses after measurements on collected data. The concepts and methods are illustrated in a biomedical application on inflammatory protein variations. In the case of poor diagnostic classifications, it is introduced appropriate ponderations, acting on the characterizations of proteins, in order to decrease their relative influence. As a consequence, when pattern matching is achieved, the final ranking of inflammatory syndromes assigned to a given patient might change to better fit the actual classification. Defuzzification of results (i.e. diagnostic groups assigned to patients) is performed as a non fuzzy sets partition issued from a "separating power", and not as the center of gravity method commonly employed in fuzzy control. It is then introduced a model of fuzzy connectionist expert system, in which an artificial neural network is designed to build the knowledge base of an expert system, from training examples (this model can also be used for specifications of rules in fuzzy logic control). Two types of weights are associated with the connections: primary linguistic weights, interpreted as labels of fuzzy sets, and secondary numerical weights. Cell activation is computed through MIN-MAX fuzzy equations of the weights. Learning consists in finding the (numerical) weights and the network topology. This feed forward network is described and illustrated in the same biomedical domain as in the first part.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.317-338
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• 2012

This paper compared and contrasted the views of effective mathematics instruction by 223 elementary school teachers and 151 middle school mathematics teachers using a questionnaire with 4 main domains (i.e., curriculum and content, teaching and learning, classroom environment and atmosphere, and assessment) and a total of 48 sub-elements. The analysis of results showed that elementary school teachers put their priority on the curriculum and content domain, while middle school counterparts did on the teaching and learning domain. The teachers commonly agreed with instruction which fosters students' self-directed learning ability, reconstructs the curriculum tailored to students' diverse levels, and establishes appropriate interaction between the teacher and students. However, elementary school teachers agreed more than middle school teachers with regard to the 23 elements related to effective mathematics instruction. In contrast, middle school teachers agreed more than their counterparts as for only 2 elements (instruction fostering mathematical representation and instruction eliciting students' learning motivation). This paper includes suggestions and implications related to Korean teachers' perception of effective mathematics instruction.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 2012

The efforts to represent the numbers based on the decimal system give us fundamental understanding to construct and teach the concept network on the related knowledge of elementary and secondary school mathematics. In the process to represent natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers as decimal system, we will classify the extended decimal system. Moreover we will obtain the view to classify real numbers. In this paper, we will study the didactical significance of mathematical knowledge, which arise from process to represent real numbers as decimal system, starting from decimal system representation of natural numbers, and provide the theoretical base about the classification of real numbers. This study help math teachers to understand school mathematics in critical inside-measurement and provide the theore tical background of related knowledge. Furthermore, this study provide a clue to construct coherent curriculum and internal connections of related mathematical knowledge.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

This study examined whether the integrated education social studies textbooks developed for students with disabilities were properly implemented in terms of universal design for learning. For analysis, "Teaching and learning materials for inclusive education of students with disabilities: grade 3~6 social studies textbooks", which were instructional adaptation, were selected for students with disabilities who are unable to learn the contents of general textbooks for the 3rd to 6th grade of the elementary school social course in the 2015 revised curriculum. The social curriculum grades are composed of 20 units, including general public, geography and history. The content analysis standard was based on detailed items of 9 definitions according to the 3 principles of UDL presented in CAST (2018). Overall, the aspect of providing multiple means of action and expression was the most frequently observed, followed by providing multiple means of representation and providing multiple means of engagement. Special education teachers and textbook developers can use these results as a resource for designing curricula and lessons for students with disabilities in the inclusive classroom.