• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

This study aimed to examine factors related to COVID-19 anxiety and stress. For the purpose, a secondary data analysis was conducted with the raw data of the community needs assessment performed in A region located in Asan, Chungnam. The analyzed results are as follows. First, descriptive statistics with a sample of 281 respondents showed that 36.9% experienced COVID-19 anxiety and 51.5% reported high levels of COVID-19 stress. Second, a logistic regression showed that being women, being the middle-aged people compared with the young people or the old-aged people, being those without spouses, being those without their own house, and lower levels of neighborhood satisfaction were associated with higher risk of experiencing COVID-19 anxiety. Third, a logistic regression showed that being the middle-aged people or the young people compared with the old-aged people and being those without their own house were associated with higher risk of belonging to the category of high levels of COVID-19 stress. Based on the results, diverse suggestions were discussed to reduce people's anxiety and stress in the midst of COVID-19.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.327-348
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• 2010

This study aims to understand whether the effect of poverty is translated to adolescents' mental health though their exposure to violence, which is aggravated by the dangerous environments of the neighborhoods. For this purpose, the study analyzes whether poor adolescents tend to reside on neighborhoods with toxic environments, and whether living in the disadvantageous neighborhood causes the poor adolescents to experience greater violence victimization and fear of violence, and eventually, greater depression and anxiety. The study utilizes secondary analysis of longitudinal data of the Korea Youth Panel Survey. Structural Equation Modeling is used as an analysis method. The study results reveals that poverty has both direct and indirect effects on the level of adolescents' symptoms of depression and anxiety. Especially, poverty affects adolescents' depression and anxiety indirectly through increasing the possibility to reside in more dangerous neighborhoods. Explaining more in detail, living in dangerous neighborhoods seems to expose adolescents more to violence and fear of violence in the neighborhoods and this experience increases the level of depression and anxiety. The study argues that the negative effects of poverty on adolescents should be examined from the view of neighborhood environments. Finally, the study discusses the importance of increasing neighborhood competency as practice and policy implication.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.216-222
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• 2024

Objectives: To compare the levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale among undergraduates of dental, medical and engineering students during COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to correlate the factors influencing level of anxiety and to assess the coping strategies practiced by undergraduates' students of Karachi duri.ng COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: The cross-sectional based survey was conducted online among the medical, dental and engineering undergraduates' university students of private sector in Karachi through purposive sampling technique during COVID-19 lock down period. The GAD-7 validated tool was used along with the demographic variables, related stress factors and the coping skills practiced during this outbreak. Total 571 questionnaires were found completed in all sections. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 23. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mental health of the students was assessed on GADS-7 scale as normal, mild, moderate and severe levels. From the total (n=18-3.2%) were normal, (n=132-23.1%) had mild, (n=343-60.1%) had moderate and (n=78-13.7%) had severe anxiety level on GADS-7. The levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale were all positively associated with the related stressors at p-value of 0.000. Moreover the results depicted that there was a moderate and positive correlation found (0.456, 0.447, 0.512 and 0.452) for all related stressors and GAD-7 scale. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19, meditation and engaging in some other activities were the most frequently used coping strategies for all levels of anxiety among three cohorts of undergraduates'. Conclusion: Undergraduates has shown 96.9% drastically increased level of anxiety during the outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19 was the most frequent behavior practiced by the students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.579-588
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anxiety and depression on health-related QOL(Quality of Life) of middle aged women and to test hypothetical model of QOL. This study is a pathway analysis study using 1692 middle aged women whose age range is between 40 and 64. This study was performed as secondary analysis using the data from the 2015 Korean Social Psychological Anxiety Examination Survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and pathway analysis. As a result, Stress, social support, aged preparation, self-esteem, anxiety, depression and QOL showed significant correlation. Anxiety was directly affected by stress(.21, p=.009) and social support(-.05, p=.046). Depression was directly affected by stress(.28, p=.016), social support(-.10, p=.008) and self-esteem(-.38, p=.039). Both anxiety(-.16, pp=.009) and depression(-.17, p=.011) had effect on QOL but depression was mediated by anxiety in affecting to QOL. Anxiety and depression of middle aged women affect to QOL and QOL is affected by depression via anxiety. It suggests that it needs to provide nursing intervention for mental health such as anxiety and depression for QOL of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-87
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• 2019

The present study investigated the relationship between adult attachment and depression and the moderating effects of social support in secondary school teachers. Survey data was collected from 231 secondary school teachers working at three middle and high schools in the Seoul and Gyung-gi areas. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the relationships among the main variables, namely adult attachment, social support, and depression, and the three moderating effects of social support in the relationship between adult attachment and depression, respectively. The main results were as follows. First, each sub-dimension of adult attachment, namely dependent attachment, anxiety attachment, and close attachment, were significantly correlated with depression levels. All of the variables except senior support and dependent attachment were significantly correlated with depression. Second, social support had a moderating effect in the relationship between anxiety attachment and depression. Colleague and family support had moderating effects in the relationship between dependent attachment and depression though senior support did not.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

In this special article, we presented the organization of the work group, basic principles of the algorithm, future plan and methods for developing a treatment algorithm for panic disorder in Korea. The psychiatrist work group from the Korean Association of Anxiety Disorders began to develop a treatment algorithm designed to improve the management of Korean patients with panic disorder by incorporating better evaluation techniques and treatment procedures. We have reviewed the treatment guidelines and algorithms for panic disorder published thus far, including the Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder established by the American Psychiatric Association, the Management of Anxiety (Panic Disorder, with or without Agoraphobia, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder) in Adults in Primary, Secondary and Community Care established by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Clinical Practice Guidelines established by the Canadian Psychiatric Association. We developed the basic materials to be used in the treatment algorithm for the management of panic disorder in Korea. Therefore, in this special article, we intro-duce the goal of the algorithm and the details of the algorithm development.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.62-74
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems in patients discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods : This was a secondary analysis study using data from a multicenter prospective cohort of post-ICU patients. We analyzed data of 311 patients enrolled in the primary cohort study who responded to the mental health questionnaire three months after the discharge. Anxiety and depression were measured on the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was measured on the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Results : The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in patients at three months after ICU discharge were 25.7%, 17.4%, and 18.0%, respectively, and 7.7% of them experienced all three problems. Unemployment (OR=1.99, p=.033) and unplanned ICU admission (OR=2.28, p=.017) were risk factors for depression, while women gender (OR=2.34, p=.009), comorbid diseases (OR=2.88, p=.004), non-surgical ICUs (trauma ICU: OR=7.31, p=.002, medical ICU: OR=3.72, p=.007, neurological ICU: OR=2.95, p=.019) and delirium (OR=2.89, p=.009) were risk factors for PTSD. Conclusion : ICU nurses should proactively monitor risk factors for post-ICU mental health problems. In particular, guidelines on the detection and management of delirium in critically ill patients should be observed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.110-118
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Depression and anxiety are common mental health problems. Anthocyanins from berries might have an inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes and alleviate various mood and anxiety symptoms. This study examined the effects of a daily supplement of an anthocyanin-rich product on mental health problems. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis from a randomized, 6-week, open-label trial in 300 healthy participants aged 18-60 years who consumed 1 or 2 servings of anthocyanin-rich mulberry milk daily. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to monitor mental health problems. In addition, the saliva activity levels of MAO-A, MAO-B, and cortisol were examined at the baseline and after 6 weeks. RESULTS: The total scores of the GHQ-28 and HADS and all their subscales decreased in both groups (all P < 0.05). The cortisol, MAO-A, and MAO-B activities decreased significantly (all P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups (all P > 0.05). Significant correlations were noted between the decreased activity level of MAO-A enzyme and decreased scores from the GHQ-28 somatic subscale and the HADS depression subscale (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumption of anthocyanin-rich mulberry milk possibly improves mental health problems by reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms in the working population. The suppression of MAO-A activity is a possible underlying mechanism.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

With the recent development of sleep medicine, insomnia has been perceived as a disease from a simple symptom. As there are various causes in a disease, proper treatment according to each cause is necessary for a more effective treatment In general, insomnia is classified into five categrories of physical, physiological, psychological, psychiatric and pharmacological aspects. However, such categorizations are often insufficient in treating insomnia. Furthermore understanding of the developmental mechanisms of insomnia is required. The function of sleep is developed and maintained through the balance of the reciprocal forces of sleep and arousal. These forces are contantly regulated by what is called a circadian rhythm. Sleep is induced by this rhythm which is affected by factors such as awakening time in the morning, amount of intellectual function, amount and time length of physical exercise and sunlight Insomnia could develop when this rhythm is delayed and leads to a "forbidden zone" which is a very difficult period for inducing sleep about two to four hours before the routine bedtime. Whereas sleep gradually develops in line with the circardian rhythm, arousal can occur very abruptly by any cause triggered by emotional discomfort or anxiety. Such characteristic and emotional factors as perfectionism, separation anxiety, secondary gain, insecurity, and negative cognition may provoke the inner anxiety and fear for insomnia, which can lead acute insomnia to a chronic one. As chronic insomnia is developed by multiple causes and factors, integrated approaches through analysis of above mentioned factors will be more effective in the treatment of insomnia than a simple administration of hypnotics.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.214-227
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the socio-demographic factors, the disaster related factors, the physical health related factors and the psychological factors of older adults exposed to natural disaster and these factors may possibly cause the occurrence of PTSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using the secondary data from the 3rd Disaster Victims Panel Survey (2012-2017). The data from 1,397 disaster victims were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the younger adult disaster victims, the elderly were more likely to have symptoms of PTSD (15.0% vs. 12.1%). Factors such as the number of years since being exposed to the disaster, anxiety, depression and social adjustment were significantly associated with occurrence of PTSD for both older and younger adults. Female gender was the additional risk factors for the older adults, while marital status, income, having witnessed another person's injury or death, and having lost a home were associated with the occurrence of PTSD. Conclusion: The elderly were more likely to develop PTSD as compared with younger adults. More targeted post-disaster mental health services to the elderly with the symptoms of depressive, anxiety and impaired social adjustments, should be provided to improve their mental health.