• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2001

I. introduction. A government goal at the present is established to make a welfare nation and to keep people's safe living, but it is criticised that when a large-scale disaster happens, the authority concerned could not deal with it, causing many people injured and material damage. Moreover, in these days, cities have many risk factors. extremely large and intelligent building, industrial facilities and underground equipment have many risk themselves along with scientific progress. The cope with disaster effectively, government must have efficient organization, skillful personnel, tool, facilities and so on. To reduce the damages, what's the most effective government organization\ulcorner II. Government organization for managing disaster In a few decades, a large-sized accidents broke out in korea, for example, collapse of Sampoong department store, break of Sungso bridge, explosion of Daegu city gas, gas explosion accident at Ahyon-dong etc. but government has not any adequate disaster response organization. Especially, after collapse of Sampoong department store broke out, Disaster Management Act is enacted to solve the past problem. According to Disaster management Act, disaster is limited in manmaid disaster. Therefore, in this thesis, disaster management is inspected theoretically, organization of disaster management for pattern of disaster, and role, duty of government organization, emergency relief organization system and actual conditions are analyzed. there are some problems. there are trials and errors. the government has changed the disaster management organization by the disaster management law. the organization consists of central and local government. but both of government do not work together harmoniously. in thesis, I would like to introduce the advanced nations disaster management organization, and study our central, local government organization. III. Conclusion Change and development of the government disaster management organization is the goal of this thesis. we have to increase public service in response and manage disaster. protecting civilian's life from the disaster is very important responsibility of government. there would be better way of government disaster management organization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 1999

Soybean (SoyPep) was prepared and evaluated their action on blood lipid profiles, select biochemical indexes and histopathological changes in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHRs were divided into three groups and fed the experimental diet containing 0% (control), 3%, 10% SoyPep for 8 weeks. Lipids, antioxidative vitamin levels, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in plasma were measured, and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activities in kidney, vascular tissue and plasma were also measured. In addition, histopathological changes in various organs were investigated. Dietary SoyPep was effective for lowering plasma levels of triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol. ACE activities in aorta and kidney were decreased in the group fed SoyPep compared to control. There was no difference of plasma GOT and GPT activities, and no histopathological difference in various organs among the experimental groups. Our results suggest that SoyPep has beneficial effects on diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. SoyPep could be useful to develop a novel functional safe food additive for preventing the chronic diseases.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.44-57
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• 2019

'Vision Zero' is a fundamental response to rapidly increasing number of traffic accidents. It was first introduced in Sweden in the late 20th century and is spreading worldwide. 'Vision Zero' criticizes an existing traffic safety policy that presupposes a reasonable human beings. It suggests that traffic safety policies should be on the possibility of making mistakes by irrational beings. Under the ethical vision that human life and health cannot be exchanged for any other social benefits, the policy issue should allow to make zero out the death rate and serious injuries of traffic accidents while allowing minor injuries. 'Vision Zero' argues that the government should design an environment in which individual mistakes never lead to fatal accidents. 'Vision Zero', which shows a different perspective from existing policies regarding safety ultimate goal, is spreading from traffic safety to other areas such as health, safety and well-being. This study examines the implication of the Korea's school safety policy from the perspectives of 'Vision Zero' on the five areas : "for what", "from what", "by what", "by whom", and "how". The study is intended to establish a new directions and challenges of school safety policy in Korea through an analytical discussions on 'Vision Zero'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.415-420
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• 2014

Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of foodborne, inflammatory illnesses, as well as congenital abnormalities. Currently available therapies are ineffective for persistent chronic disease and congenital toxoplasmosis or have severe side effects which may result in life-threatening complications. There is an urgent need for safe and effective therapies to eliminate or treat this cosmopolitan infectious disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-Toxoplasma activities of Suaeda maritime, one of the halophytes, using tachyzoit of T. gondii RH strain infected HeLa cells. As the results, the selectivity of Suaeda maritime extract was 6.63, which was higher than Sulfadiazine selectivity (2.06). Also, we perfomed the cell proliferation inhibition test and the morphological study to evaluate the anti-T. gondii activity of Suaeda maritime extract with HeLa cells. As the results, the inhibition rate of the Suaeda maritime extract was high inhibition rate. This indicates that the Suaeda maritime extract may be used for new anti-T. gondii agent.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 1991

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous surgical challenge to the Head and Neck Surgeon. Because life expectancy of patients with advanced carcinoma of the hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus is limited, treatment must be aimed at palliation. A variety of techiques have been proposed over the years with none proving entirely satisfactory. These techiques include prosthesis; skin graft; cervical flaps; tubed cutaneous and myocutaneous chest flaps; visceral reconstruction with stomach, colon. and jejunum; and jejunal free autografts. Many factors dictate the best method of reconstruction in any given clinical situation. The goal of the surgery is a one-stage reconstruction of swallowing function with minimal morbidity to allow as short a hospital stay as posible. Nine patients underwent the free jejunal autograft reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus after the ablative surgery for the advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Postoperative complications included one perioperative death, two abdominal wound dehiscences, two neck hematomas, one carotid rupture, one funtional dysphagia, one late strictures. There were no graft failure, no immediate stenosis and no fistula. An oral diet was started between days 8 and 16, with an average of 9 days and median of 8 days. Patients left the hospital between days 9 and days 38, with an average of 23.4 days and median of 23 days. This method of reconstruction is advocated as reliable palliative procedure with short-term follow-up. In conclusion, we at Korea Cancer Center Hospital are of the opinion that the free jejunal autograft offers an excellent, safe and relative easy method of the pharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction with significant advantages over other techiques.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2018

Plasticizers added to thermoplastic polymers are known to shorten the life of products due to the elution to outside, and some of them are harmful to our environment and human body. Since the use of phthalate plasticizers suspected of being carcinogens has been gradually prohibited, there is a need for environmentally friendly plasticizers that can replace them. Most of the substances have a low compatibility with resin, high cost and lack of safety verification. Therefore, in this study, four kinds of norbornene dialkyl ester compounds possessing excellent physical properties, which are also reported as safe compounds from the toxicity evaluation, were added to PVC resin to evaluate the possibility of human exposure by leaching, and also the potential usage as plasticizer candidates alternative to commercial ones including DEHP, DINCH and DOTP. The test was carried out according to the American standard test method (ASTM). The results showed that di-2-ethylhexyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DEHN) in aqueous solvents and diisopentyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DIPN) compounds in oil solvents were superior or equivalent to DEHP. In addition, all four norbornene compounds showed lower values than 100 ppm, which is considered to have an influence on the environment, indicating that the polar norbornene structure affects the elution.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.29-50
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• 2015

Safe blast criteria based on the concept of scaled distances can be obtained from the statistical analysis on measured peak particle velocity data of blast vibrations. Two types of scaled distance widely used in Korea are the square root scaled distance (SRSD) and cube root scaled distance (CRSD). In contrast to SRSD scheme, however, the function of maximum charge per delay for CRSD increases without bound after the intersection point of these two functions despite of the similar goodness of fits. To prevent structural damage that may be caused by the excessive charge in the case of CRSD, it is suggested that CRSD be used within a specified distance slightly beyond the intersection point. On the other hand, there are several attempts that predict vibration level(VL) from the peak particle velocity(PPV) or estimate VL based on the scaled distances without considering their frequency spectra. It appears that these attempts are conducted in blasting contracts only for the purpose of satisfying the environment-related law, which mainly deals with the annoyance aspects of noises and vibrations in human life. But, in principle there could no correlation between peaks of velocity and acceleration over entire frequency spectrum. Therefore, such correlations or estimations should be conducted only between the waves with the same or very similar frequency spectra. Finally, it is a known fact that structural damage due to ground vibration is related to PPV level, the safety level criteria for structures should be defined by allowable PPV levels together with their zero crossing frequencies (ZCF).

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the outcomes of reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments with using two suture anchors and performing coracoacromial ligament transfer in patients with acromioclavicular dislocation. Material and methods: Forty patients with complete acromioclavicular dislocation were included in this study. According to the preoperative radiographs, 5 patients with AC dislocations were diagnosed as type III, 4 patients as type IV and 31 patients as type V. Two 3.5mm suture anchors with four strands of nonabsorbable sutures were separately placed on the anterolateral and posteromedial portion of the base of the coracoid process to stabilize the distal clavicle. The coracoacromial ligament was then transferred to the undersurface of the distal end of the clavicle for augmentation. Results: At a mean follow-up of 28 months, the average Constant score improved to 97 points. All the patients returned to normal life at an average of 3.2 months postoperatively. At the last follow-up, 37 patients achieved anatomical reduction and three patients showed complete redislocation. However, the clinical results of the patients with redislocation were satisfactory. Conclusion: Anatomical coracoclavicular reconstruction using two suture anchors and coracoacromial ligament transfer for treating complete acromioclavicular dislocation is a safe, effective procedure for restoring a physiologically stable acromioclavicular joint.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.541-552
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• 2018

As the use of wood pellets increases, there is an increasing interest in the safety of the wood pellets themselves to avoid physical and chemical damage to people and the environment. This study investigated the contents of nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, and cesium in wood pellets distributed in Korea as a preliminary survey for establishing safety evaluation standards for wood pellets. Nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and heavy metal contents of wood pellets produced in Korea met the specification for the 1st grade of wood pellets determined by the National Institute of Forest Science and the specification for the commercial and residential wood pellets of A1 grade determined by the ISO and the evaluation standards for wood pellet safety determined by the Korean Forest Service. However, among imported wood pellets, some wood pellets contained nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and heavy metal exceeding the safety evaluation standards. Cesium radioactivity was not detected in domestic wood pellets. Cesium radioactivity was detected from wood pellets imported from Japan, but it was below the limits specified in the wood pellet safety evaluation standards. In conclusion, by establishing safety standards for wood pellets, we believe that safe wood pellets will be used.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2020

We investigated the pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), microbial changes and dominant microbes in raw beef, wet-aging beef, and dry-aging beef after the meat had been stored in a refrigerator. The count of mesophilic bacteria was 3.3-3.9 log CFU/g in raw beef and dry-aging beef, and 5.4 log CFU/g in wet-aging meat. After 18 days of refrigeration, the mesophilic bacterial count in raw and aging beef increased to 6.1-6.4 log CFU/g. In wet-aging beef, the number of lactic acid bacteria increased from 4.5 log CFU/g to 6.0 log CFU/g at refrigeration temperature. However, lactic acid bacteria were not detected in dry aging beef. Major foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli (EHEC) were not detected. Based on the legal standard for mesophilic bacteria count, the estimated shelf-life of aged beef was less than 12 days and the average VBN was 15 mg%. The dominant microorganisms varied between the different types of meat. In raw meat, Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the dominant microorganism, and as the VBN increased, Carnobacterium divergens dominated. In wet-aging beef, Carnobacterium divergens dominated during the initial days of refrigeration after which the number of Lactobacillus sakei increased. Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis was initially the dominant microbe in dry-aging beef, after which Pseudomonas fragi dominated. In addition to the role of specific bacteria in the early stage of decay, it is thought that microorganisms can be utilized for safe distribution and storage of matured meats by conducting research on changes in rot, fragrance analysis, and changes of ingredients in matured meats.