• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.624-629
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• 2017

A rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss farm located in Gangwon province, South Korea, experienced approximately 10% mortality in June 2017. Most diseased fish had a markedly distended, gas-filled stomach, and exhibited abnormal behavior at the water surface. In this study, we attempted to identify the cause of stomach distension syndrome in those rainbow trout. The stomach of most of the affected fish were full of unidentified gases and some exudate, and yeast was isolated from the stomach mucosa. Pure cultures of yeast were identified using a multilocus sequence typing scheme based on 18S rRNA, internal transcribed spacers, large subunit rRNA, and the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1). The RPB1 gene sequences were compared with those of related species available in a database. The yeast was identified as Scheffersomyces coipomoensis (Candida coipomoensis) based on sequence analyses. This is the first study to reveal that Sch. coipomoensis is a potential causative agent of stomach distension syndrome in farmed rainbow trout. Our results will be helpful for future related studies, and indicate that farmers and stakeholders should observe this emerging disease closely.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1993

This study was performed to develop the conceptual framework of the nursing productivity. The study efforts were made (1) to define the concept the nursing productivity, (2) to identify the elements of the productivity, and (3) to determine the relationship among the elements. With the aim, the study employed a descriptive analysis by way of reviewing various references related w the subject. The nursing productivity consists of such elements as the nursing efficiency and Lhe nursing effectiveness which are complememary Lo each other. The nursing efficiency is the quantative input/output ratio, while the nursing effectiveness represents the integrated outcome of sch sub-elements as the degree of accomplishing nursing goals, the quality of nursing service, consumer's satisfaction, and the degree of improvement of nurse's attitude toward the quality care. The nursing prodiccivity can be estimated by summing up the nursing efficiency and the effectiveness. By employing the system theory model, the elements of the nursing producTivity consist of three elements; the input, the process, and the output. By the process elements, the system inputs are transformed to the system outputs nursing efficiency and nursing effecitveness which are input 1.0 the system, in turn, through feedback mechanism(Figure 4).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.582-587
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• 1993

The extracellular alpha-amylase was purified to homogenity from the culture filtrate of starch grown Sch. castellii CBS 2863. The purified enzyme was glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 56 kDa. The pH and temperature optimum were 5.5 and 40C, respectively. The enzyme was fairly stable up to 40C and at acid pH range (pH 4.0-7.0). The apparent Km and Vmax of the enzyme toward starch was 1.0mg/ml and 100U/mg protein, respectively. The analysis of amino acid composition was found to be acidic protein. The amino acid sequence of N-terminal peptide consisted of Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Ala-X-X-Thr-Arg-Ser-Glu-Ser-Ile-Tyr.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07d
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• pp.1838-1839
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• 2006

In this paper, a loss-minimization nonlinear torque control for Electrical Vehicle(EV) induction motors is proposed. To improve the efficiency of the induction motors, it is important to find the optimal flux reference that minimize power losses. The proposed optimal flux reference is derived using a power loss function that is constructed with stator resistance losses, rotor resistance losses and core losses. And the time-varying load torque and the rotor resistance variation are considered in the power loss function. An algorithm that identifying the load torque is used. The rotor flux observer is used to obtain an accurate flux value regardless of the rotor resistance variation. Simulation results show a significant reduction in energy losses.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2011

In many parts of the world, low cost housing used to be built and maintained by the governments, based on designs and detail specifications prepared by the public sector with construction carried out by contractors. Results vary due to differences in design standards, workmanship and property management, depending also on the neighbourhood's care of the estates and their pattern of usage. In the UK, where Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been used for infrastructure projects, there have been successful cases of city estate being transformed by PFI. These PFI housing schemes involve new-build, refurbishment as well as facility management. Unlike traditional construction, which is based on prescriptive specifications, PFI housing is based on output specifications. A study has been undertaken to compare the two specification approaches as they are applied to housing estate. Results are enlightening and serve as good reference to cities such as Hong Kong SAR and Singapore, where public housing provisions have been a major concern of their citizens as the building stock gets older.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1393-1400
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to validate local failure criteria, which were proposed based on the notched-bar specimen tests combining with finite element (FE) simulations, using the results of real-scale pipe failure tests. This study conducted burst test using wall-thinned pipe specimens, which were made of 4 inch Sch.80 ASTM A106 Gr.B carbon steel pipe, under simple internal pressure at ambient temperature and performed associated FE simulations. Failure pressures were estimated by applying the failure criteria to the results of FE simulations and were compared with experimental failure pressures. It showed that the local stress based criterion, given as true ultimate tensile stress of material, accurately estimated the failure pressure of wall-thinned pipe specimens. However, the local strain based criterion, which is fracture strain of material as a function of stress tri-axiality, could not predict the failure pressure. It was confirmed that the local stress based criterion is reliably applicable to estimation of failure pressure of local wall-thinned piping components.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.183-201
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• 2009

Im Allgemeinen auch psychische Patienten k$\ddot{o}$nnen sich daruber selbst entscheiden, $\ddot{a}$rztliche Behandlung zu nehmen und ins Krankenhaus aufgenommen zu werden. Im S$\ddot{u}$dkorea bei der zwangsweisen Unterbringung wird kein KBGB des privatlichen Rechts, sondern Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber psychisch Gesundheitspflege des $\ddot{o}$ffentlichen Rechts vorz$\ddot{u}$glich verwandt. Aber das noch kann ein selbst Bestimmungsrecht von der psychischen Patient verletzen. Im Deutschland regelt BGB $\S$ 1906 Zwangsunterbringung der psychische Patienten, die Gef$\ddot{a}$hr des Selbstmord oder der Eigengef$\ddot{a}$hrdung haben. Au$\ss$erdemhat jedes Land eigen Gesetz $\ddot{u}$ber psychischen Kranken, das $\ddot{o}$ffentliche Vorschrift f$\ddot{u}$r Zwangsunterbringung regelt. Im Fall der Zwangsunterbringung im Deutschland BGB $\S$ 1906 wird prim$\ddot{a}$rer als $\ddot{o}$ffentlich Rechts verwandt, um die Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Patienten zu unterstutzen. Auch im Korea KBGB (koreanisches B$\ddot{u}$rgerliches Gesetzbuch) Ver$\ddot{a}$nderungen f$\ddot{u}$r die Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung des Betreuungsrechts, die sich mit der Zwangsunterbringung befassen, sollten diskutiert werden, damit die Selbstbestimmung sch$\ddot{a}$tzen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.168-171
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• 2003

As vehicles are more intelligent for convenience and safety of drivers, the in-vehicle networking systems and smart modules are essential components for intelligent vehicles. However, for the smart module to widely apply to the IVN systems, two problems are considered as follows. Firstly, because it is very difficult that transducer manufacturers developed the smart module that supports the existing all IVN protocols, the smart module must be independent to the type of networking protocols. Secondly, when the smart module is exchanged due to its failure, it is necessary how the transducer is only exchanged without exchange of the microprocessor and network transceiver. This paper deals with the IEEE 1451 based smart module that describes the digital interface between a network transceiver and sensor module. Finally. efficiency of the IEEE 1451 based smart module was evaluated on the experimental model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1727-1730
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• 2003

A windshield wiper system plays a key part in assurance of driver's safety at rainfall. However, because quantity of rain and snow vary irregularly according to time and velocity of automotive, a driver changes speed and operation period of a wiper from time to time in order to secure enough visual field in the traditional windshield wiper system. Because a manual operation of windshield wiper distracts driver's sensitivity and causes inadvertent driving, this is becoming direct cause of traffic accident. Therefore, this paper presents the basic architecture of vision-based smart windshield wiper system and the rain sensing algorithm that regulate speed and operation period of windshield wiper automatically according to quantity of rain or snow. Also, this paper introduces the fuzzy wiper control algorithm based on human's expertise, and evaluates performance of suggested algorithm in simulator model. In especial, the vision sensor can measure wide area relatively than the optical rain sensor. hence, this grasp rainfall state more exactly in case disturbance occurs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Rutaecarpine is one of the major alkaloids present in the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. In this study, rutaecarpine was evaluated, both in vitro and in vivo, for its hepatoprotective properties against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis. The results showed that rutaecarpine inhibited TAA-induced cytotoxicity, reduced the expression of the fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$), and induced the expression of bcl-2. To evaluate its in vivo effects, animal models with TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis were utilized. Levels of liver tissue injury-associated enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were monitored. $TGF-{\beta}1$ and the ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) were measured as markers of the protective effects on hepatic fibrosis. The AST and ALT levels in blood were greatly enhanced by TAA and completely blunted by rutaecarpine. Rutaecarpine led to the down-regulation of $TGF-{\beta}$ and Bax mRNA expression, as well as the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and $Bcl-X_L$ mRNA levels. In conclusion, rutaecarpine inhibited TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis and apoptosis by inducing the expression of Bcl-2 while blocking $TGF-{\beta}1$ in our TAA-intoxicated model.