• Title/Summary/Keyword: Review Pattern

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Outpatient Antibiotic Prescription Patterns for Respiratory Tract Infections of Infants (소아 호흡기감염 외래환자에 대한 항생제 처방양상)

  • Kim, Yejee;Lee, Suehyung;Park, Sylvia;Na, Hyen Oh;Tchoe, Byongho
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.323-332
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    • 2015
  • Background: Antibiotic resistance has been becoming serious challenge to human beings. Overuse of antibiotics, especially, for infants is concerned, but studies are very few for the prescribing pattern of antibiotic use for infants. This study analyzes prescribing patterns of antibiotics in outpatients of preschool children with acute respiratory tract infections in South Korea. Methods: Data are used from 2011 Health Insurance Review & Assessment Services-pediatric patients sample. Inclusion criteria is outpatient children (0 to 5 years) with top five frequent diseases. Prescription rates are analyzed by types of disease, provider, specialty, region, and ages. Binary or multinomial logit models are used to analyze determinants of providers' prescription pattern. Results: The main findings are as follows. First, distributions of prescription rates are shown as L-shape or M-shape depending on the types of disease. Second, the prescription variation is so large among providers, where providers are polarized as a group with low prescription rates and the other group with high prescription rates, though the shapes are shown diversified across types of disease. Third, prescription rates appear to be lower in pediatrics and higher in ENT (ear-nose-throat). Fourth, broad spectrum antibiotics are widely used among children. Finally, the logit analysis shows similar results with descriptive statistics, but partly different results across types of disease. Conclusion: Antibiotics for respiratory tract infections of infants are used excessively with a large variation among providers, and especially broad spectrum antibiotics are used. The prescription guideline for antibiotics should be provided for each specific disease to reduce antibiotic resistance in the future.

A Literature Study on the Combination of acupoints of HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK in the Saam Acupuncture Method (사암침법 한격과 열격의 경혈구성에 관한 고찰)

  • Yu, Jun-Sang;Han, Suzy;Yun, Dong Won
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.81-97
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: The objective of this study is to review the methods of combining acupoints of HANGYEOK(Cooling Mode) and YEOLGYEOK(Heating Mode) in Saam Acupuncture Method. Methods: We searched and investigated the journals and literatures by OASIS(Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) and relevant searching engines with the key word "Saam, Hangyeok, Yeolgyeok". Unfortunately there was no relevant articles on this theme except six literatures. Six literatures with the key words relevant to Saam and acupuncture were selected and analyzed according to each composition of acupuncture prescription especially focusing on HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK. Results: Analyzing HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK of 12 meridians, two different methods emerged. In HANGYEOK to treat Heat Pattern, one method is to tonify Water points and directly sedate Fire points. The other is also to tonify Water point, but sedate Earth points instead of Fire points. It is assumed that Earth sedation method is to eradicate the underlying Fire. In only Heart meridian and Pericardium meridian there is one method to treat Heat Pattern: Water tonification and Fire Sedation. In YEOLGYEOK to treat Cold Pattern, there is one method to tonify Fire points and sedate Water points. In Pericardium meridian and Triple Energizer meridian there are some different combination of acupoints depending on literatures. Conclusions: Considering HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK in Saam Acupuncture Method, two methods are mainly discussed in HANGYEOK; Water Tonification Fire Sedation and Water Tonification Earth Sedation. To remove the underlying Fire, it is regarded that Water Tonification Earth Sedation is appropriate and close to Saam's thought.

Anti-hypertensive effect by Single adminstration of Chunghyul-dan : A CASE SERIES (청혈단 단회 투여에 따른 혈압 강하 효과 : 증례 집적 연구)

  • Moon, Sang-Kwan;Kim, Su Bin;Kwon, Seungwon;Cho, Seung-Yeon;Park, Seong-Uk;Jung, Woo-sang;Park, Jung-Mi;Ko, Chang-Nam;Cho, Ki-Ho
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: This study was designed to investigate antihypertensive effect by single adminstration of Chunghyul-dan in stroke patients. Methods: This is a 31-patient case series from retrospective chart review of inpatients who diagnosed with stroke at a Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital (Seoul) between October 2016 to October 2017. We reviewed patient's charts with transient and sudden increases in blood pressure who were treated with Chunghyul-dan and analyzed blood pressure over time. In addition we classified patients by using the standardized predictive models for Korean medical diagnostic pattern-identification to find out if there are some differences in responder ratios. Results: Thirty one patients who took Chunghyul-dan were identified. 60 minutes, 120 minutes after 1200mg administration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly compared to baseline. We could not identify the difference between the groups of each pattern-identification because of small number of some groups. Conclusions: Although limited by its retrospective nature, this study suggests that Chunghyul-dan may be effective as short term antihypertensive method for stroke patient.

A Study on the Determinants of Mobile Application Purchase based on User Groups (사용자 유형에 따른 모바일 앱 구매요인에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Sunju
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.73-88
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    • 2014
  • According to the widespread use of smartphone, various and abundant mobile applications have been used and lots of new companies have developed mobile applications. To revitalize mobile application market, a lot of research and experiments have been performed in application development and delivery industries. The purpose of this research is to figure out the usage pattern of smartphone application and purchasing criteria of mobile application. We categorized smartphone application users with respect to application selection criteria and examined the characteristics of the categorized users. As a result, the factors of purchasing criteria of the users with respect to smartphone application selection criteria and application type were categorized into 3 groups: aggressive usage group, middle usage group, and passive usage group. The result of this study indicates that the relationship between purchasing criteria and usage pattern in mobile application market was actualized by measuring the purchasing factors of user. Therefore this fact suggests that it is very important to measure the accurate purchasing factors of its user for setting up the marketing strategy of mobile application market.

Variation in resource utilization for inpatients among university teaching hospitals in a city (한 도시 대학병원 자료를 이용한 입원환자의 의료서비스 이용량 변이에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Ha-Young;Shin, Eui-Chul;Meng, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.23 no.4 s.32
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    • pp.451-464
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    • 1990
  • The variation in resource utilization for hospitalized patients who had a group of similar diseases -- a Korean Diagnosis Related Group (KDRG) -- among the same type of hospitals was studied to assess the utillization variation due to the practice pattern of hospitals. Information about inpatients who were beneficiaries of the medical insurance for teachers and government officials discharged from 20 large university teaching hospitals in Seoul during 1986 and information about the hospitals were analyzed to achieve the study objective. A total of 20,223 non-outlier patients in 100 most frequent KDRGs were included in the analysis. Case charges after the review and length of stay (LOS) were used as measures of resource utilization during a hospitalization. A substantial variation among hospitals was found in most KDRGs : o the ratio of the maximum and the minimum among the mean case charges of hospitals was greater than 2 in 83 KDRGs ; o the difference between the maximum and the minimum among the mean case charges of hospitals was greater than 100,000 Won in 94 KDRGs : o the ratio of the maximum and the minimum among the mom LOS of hospitals was greater than 2 in 82 KDRGs ; o the difference between the maximum and the minimum among the mean LOS of hospitals was greater than 3 days in 94 KDRGs. The practice pattern of hospitals explained more than 20% of charge variation in 49 KDRGs and more than 20% of LOS variation in 43 KDRGs. The study results indicated need for a new health policy initiative for cost containment and quality assurance.

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A Study on the Reliability Assessment of Sasang Constitution Questionnaire Developed by KIOM for Japanese (일본인 대상자를 통해 살펴본 KIOM 체질 설문지의 신뢰도 평가)

  • Yoo, Jong-Hyang;Jang, Eun-Su;Kim, Yun-Yung;Park, Ki-Hyun;Lee, Si-Woo
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.8-18
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    • 2012
  • 1. Objectives : This study aimed to assessing the reliability of questionnaire for Japanese as one of method to diagnose Sasang Constitution and evaluating the possibility of applying domestic questionnaire to foreign site. 2. Methods : A cross-sectional survey approved by IRB (Independent Review Board) at Tohoku University was performed for 119 participants with informed consent at a particular city in Japan using self-reported questionnaires developed by KIOM (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine). Among the entire samples, 112 were retested. The test-retest reliability was assessed by Kappa for normal variables and internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. 3. Results : Four of 77 questions are impossible to calculate consistency owing to unsymmetric matrix between primary reply and secondary one. Seventeen of them (22%) showed 0.4 or below in Kappa, 56 were ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 and no question marked 0.8 or over. Internal consistency was possibly checked for several questions about character, digestion, sweat, excrement, urine, cold-heat pattern. Cronbach's alpha for questions except urine and cold-heat pattern was over 0.6 4. Conclusions : On the basis of Kappa value by two self reported questionnaire, 72.7% of questions showed 0.4 or over so that reliability were highly secured. And other questions except for urine and heat-cold pattern marked 0.6 or over in order that internal consistency was also successfully maintained. Accordingly, when subsequently applying KIOM questionnaire to foreign site, domestic questionnaire should be properly adjusted in social and cultural background, lifestyle, etc.

The Meaning of Good Dying of Chinese Terminally Ill Cancer Patients in Taiwan

  • Chao, Co-Shi Chantal
    • 한국호스피스완화의료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.12a
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    • pp.162-174
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this hermeneutic study was to investigate the meaning of "good dying" of Chinese terminally ill cancer patients in Taiwan; the factors related to this morning; and the strategies cancer patients used to ensure "good dying". Indepth unstructured interviews, prolonged participant observations, and review of clinical records were selected as the methods for data collection. In the four and one-half month period of data collection, the researcher was in the role of a full time clinical nurse specialist who directly took care of the subject patients in 4 hospitals and in patients' homes. The 20 subject were selected purposively according to selection criteria and various demographic backgrounds. Interview transcripts and field notes comprised the data for analysis. The results were composed by 3 constitutive patterns and 12 themes. Achieving inner peace appeared to herald the good dying state. The "good dying" for Chinese terminally ill cancer patients in Taiwan meant peace of body, peace of mind, and peace of thought. The constitutive pattern of peace of body included 4 themes: (1)minimizing the agony of physical symptoms; (2)short period of dying process without lingering death; (3) cleanliness, neatness, and integrity of the body; and (4) mobility. The constitutive pattern of peace of mind included 5 themes: (1) yielding; (2) non-attachment; (3) not to be lonely; (4) settle down all affairs; and (5) being in a preferred environment and enjoying nature. The third constitutive pattern of peace of thought included 3 themes: (1) getting through day by day without thinking; (2) meaningful life; and (3) expectation that the suffering would be ending. Through understanding of the terminally ill cancer patient' needs in their meanings of "good dying", recommendations can be made for humanistic care. The findings of this study have recommendations for care givers daily contact with dying patients and for medical and nursing education.

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A Robust Pattern-based Feature Extraction Method for Sentiment Categorization of Korean Customer Reviews (강건한 한국어 상품평의 감정 분류를 위한 패턴 기반 자질 추출 방법)

  • Shin, Jun-Soo;Kim, Hark-Soo
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.37 no.12
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    • pp.946-950
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    • 2010
  • Many sentiment categorization systems based on machine learning methods use morphological analyzers in order to extract linguistic features from sentences. However, the morphological analyzers do not generally perform well in a customer review domain because online customer reviews include many spacing errors and spelling errors. These low performances of the underlying systems lead to performance decreases of the sentiment categorization systems. To resolve this problem, we propose a feature extraction method based on simple longest matching of Eojeol (a Korean spacing unit) and phoneme patterns. The two kinds of patterns are automatically constructed from a large amount of POS (part-of-speech) tagged corpus. Eojeol patterns consist of Eojeols including content words such as nouns and verbs. Phoneme patterns consist of leading consonant and vowel pairs of predicate words such as verbs and adjectives because spelling errors seldom occur in leading consonants and vowels. To evaluate the proposed method, we implemented a sentiment categorization system using a SVM (Support Vector Machine) as a machine learner. In the experiment with Korean customer reviews, the sentiment categorization system using the proposed method outperformed that using a morphological analyzer as a feature extractor.

A Study on Sizes Specifications of Infants' Apparels (유아복(乳兒服)브랜드 치수규격(値數規格) 실태(實態) 조사(調査) 연구(硏究) II)

  • Kim, Jin;Sohn, Hee-Soon
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the general conditions of infants' apparel brands in Korea, review the sizes and specifications of each brand, analyze the differences and correlations among brands, and thereby, present the reasonable sizes and specifications for infants' apparels in consideration of domestic and foreign specifications and infants' health conditions. for this purpose, 13 brands manufacturing the apparels for the infants aged from 0 to 4 were sampled, and their design directors and outside pattern suppliers were surveyed through direct interviews. The collected data were processed for frequencies, mean, median and mode. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The sample infants' apparel brands were mostly launched as national brands in 1990's, while their target ages were diverse : 0 $\sim$ 72 months, 0 $\sim$ 36 months, 0 $\sim$ 48 months, 0 $\sim$ 60 months, 12 $\sim$ 24 months, etc. 2. More brands were restructuring the pattern suppliers' sizes and specifications rather than developing them directly, which suggests that most of infants' brands depend much on pattern suppliers. 3. Infants' apparel brands were presenting the 'space suites' sized from #60 to #90 because consumers prefer those space suites distinct in their upper and lower parts and convenient for their toddlers aged 36 months or older. The brands were setting the sizes for 6 parts: total length, breast, sleeve length, hip, hip height, leg. 4. The sizes for infants' one-pieces were #70, #75, #80, #85, #90, #95, #100, #110 and #120, while their subsizes were determined for 4 parts: total length, breast, sleeve length, hip.

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Medical costs for patients with Facial paralysis : Based on Health Big Data (보건의료 빅데이터를 이용한 얼굴마비환자의 의료비용에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Min-Jung;Umh, Tae-Woong;Kim, Sina;Kim, Nam-Kwen
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.98-110
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the medical cost of facial paralysis in payer perspective and to estimate the practice pattern of patient using 2011 Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service-National Patients Sample(HIRA-NPS). Methods: Basic statistical system was used for descriptive analysis of NPS dataset. A table for general information (table20) was extracted by disease code, and social demographic characteristics, distribution of the use among inpatients and outpatients, utilization of each kind of medical care institutions, medical cost were analyzed. Subgroup analysis was conducted for assuming the practice pattern of korean medicine and western medicine. Results: A total of 8,219 people and 64,345 claims data were identified as having facial paralysis. Proportion of outpatient was 95.23%, inpatient 0.84% and patient using both services 3.93%. Mean patient charges was 44,229 won per outpatient, 178,886 won per inpatient and 523,542 won per patient using both services. Utilization of korean medical care institutions was 68.81%(claims), 40.46%(patients), utilization of western medical care institutions was 31.19%(claims), 59.54%(patients). The amount charged by korean medical care institutions was 52.61% and western medical care institutions was 47.39%. Cost per claim was higher than those of the korean treatment and cost per patient of western treatment was lower than those of the korean treatment. Conclusions: The research assessed the medical cost and practice pattern associated with facial paralysis. These findings could be used in health care policy and subsequent studies.