• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2004

Purpose: We assessed the results of open treatment of anterior impingement syndrome of the ankle in elite level soccer players and concomitant injuries were idenfied. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed twenty one elite level soccer players diagnosed with anterior impingement syndrome who underwent open debridement between January 1997 and January 2002. All were men and the mean age at the operation was 21 years (range 16 to 27). The mean follow-up duration was 31 months (13 to 71). Concomitant abnormalities were idenfied through physical examination, bone scan and MRI. On a preoperative lateral radiograph, patients were classified according to McDermott's stage. Anteromedial or anterolateral approach was used at the operation and osteophyte was removed with osteotome and rongeur. When chronic ankle instability was accompanying, we performed Modified Brostrom-Gould procedure and for osteochondral lesion, multiple drilling was applied. The Ogilvie-Harris scoring system was used as a clinical scale to evaluate pain, swelling, stiffness and limitation of activity. The results were scored as excellent (15 to 16 points), good (13 to 14) and otherwise unsatisfactory. The time to return to full activity including sports activity was determined. Results: Eighteen of twenty one patients had an excellent outcome. Three patients were graded unsatisfactory and two of them abandoned their career due to the persistence of residual pain. Concomitant abnormalities were found including twelve cases of chronic ankle instability, three cases of osteochondral lesion and two cases of flexor hallucis longus tendinitis. Conclusion: Open debridement was successfully applied to the elite level soccer player with anterior impingement syndrome of the ankle. Considerable coexistence of other abnormalities such as chronic ankle instability may encourage us to consider additional operative procedure.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of fixed-intensity and varied-intensity electroacupuncture on heart rate variability in healthy people with stress task. Methods : Forty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either group A or group B or C. Group A received fixed-intensity electroacupuncture(F-EA) at $ST_{36}$ and $ST_{37}$. After 1 week wash out period to prevent overlapping residual effects, they received varied-intensity electroacupuncture(V-EA) in which the intensity was changed every two minutes based on individual heart rate variability at the same points. Group B received the treatments in reverse order. Group C received no intervention as a control group. Results : Control group showed a significant increase of LF and LF/HF during the 2nd working memory task, while both F-EA and V-EA did not. In addition, V-EA showed a significant increase of HF during 2nd rest while F-EA did not. Conclusions : These results suggest that F-EA and V-EA can inhibit sympathetic activation more than control group and that V-EA can enhance parasympathetic activation more than F-EA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the construct validity of a Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. In a previous report (Kang, et al., 2012), the food behavior checklist for children's NQ, consisting of 19 items, was grouped into a 5-factor structure according to the exploratory factor analysis: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. In this study, the construct validity of the NQ was assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis. Elementary school students (n = 1,393) from six large cities completed the NQ test. Indicator tests suggested an adequate model fit (goodness of fit index = 0.9613; adjusted GFI = 0.95; standardized root mean square residual = 0.0464; chi-square test statistics of < 0.001 p-value, 82.1), and item loadings were significant for all subscales (p < 0.05). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of the items. The NQ and the 5 factor scores of the student were calculated by the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Logistic regression was applied to find the significant factors in order to affect a specific nutrient status. The receiver operation characteristic curve analyses were performed in order to find diagnostic cut-off points of the five factors. The food behavior checklist for children's NQ would be a handy and suitable instrument for evaluating dietary behaviors of Korean children.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1997

An unbleached hardwood kraft pulp was bleached in vitro with partially purified manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 without the addition of MnSO$_4$ in the presence of oxalate, malonate or gluconate known as manganese chelator, When the pulp was treated without the addition of MnSO$_4$, the pulp brightness increased by about 10 points in the presence of 2 mM oxalate, but the brightness did not significantly increase in the presence of 50 mM malonate. Residual MnP activity decreased faster during the bleaching with MnP without MnSO$_4$ in the presence of malonate than in the presence of oxalate. Oxalate reduced MnO$_2$ which already existed in the pulp or was produced from $Mn^{2+}$ by oxidation with MnP and thus supplied $Mn^{2+}$ to the MnP system. Thus, bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp with MnP, using manganese originally existing in the pulp, became possible in the presence of oxalate, a good manganese chelator and reducing reagent. Properties of partially purified MnPs from liquid cultures of white rot fungi, Ganoderma sp. YK-505, Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were compared. MnP from Ganoderma sp. YK-505 was superior to MnPs from P. sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium in stabilities against high temperature and high concentration of $H_2O$$_2$. The MnP from Ganoderma sp. YK-505 differed in pH-activity profile from other MnPs. These data suggest that MnP from Ganoderma sp. YK-505 has different structure from those of other fungi. Bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp using the MnP from ganoderma sp. YK-505 is now in progress.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2011

Korea-specific GHG emissions should be estimated correctly in order to ensure effective measurement of climate change variables. The use of country-specific data that reflects fuel and technology characteristics is needed for accurate GHG emissions estimation. Oxidation factors are used to convert existing data into equivalent GHG emissions, and changes in these oxidation factors are directly related to changes in emissions. As such, the oxidation factor is one of the most important variables in using country-specific data to determine GHG emissions. In this study, the oxidation factor of bituminous coal in large scale boilers was estimated using 4,527 data points sampled from eight large-scale boilers that had been using bituminous coal for two years. The average oxidation factor was determined to be 0.997, which is lower than the oxidation factor of 1 that is recommended by the IPCC G/L for large scale boilers when estimating national GHG emissions. However, an oxidation factor less than 1 is assumed for fluidized bed boilers, internal combustion engines, and other small-scale boilers. Accordingly, studies on oxidation factor estimation should be continued to allow for accurate estimation of GHG emissions.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.227-232
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• 2005

탄성파 역산에 있어서 최소자승(${\ell}^2-norm$)해는 큰 오차에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 경향이 있다. 이에 반해서 ${\ell}^p-norm$ ($1{\le}p<2$)을 최소화하는 해는 잡음에 강인한 해를 보이나 보통은 좀 더 많은 계산이 요구된다. 반복적가중의 최소자승법(Iteratively reweighted least squares [IRLS] method)은 이러한 ${\ell}^p-norm$ 문제의 근사해를 효율적으로 구할 수 있도록 해준다. 본 논문에서는 작은 크기의 잔여분은 ${\ell}^2-norm$으로 큰 크기의 잔여분은 ${\ell}^2-norm$으로 적용되는 하이브리드 ${\ell}^1/{\ell}^2$최소화를 IRLS 방법에 쉽게 적용하는 기법을 소개한다. 모의 자료와 실제 현장자료에의 적용결과 큰 잡음이 포함된 경우 최소자승해보다 하이브리드 방법의 경우에 개선된 결과를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

PC 암거는 터파기, 하부지반 처리, 암거 거치, 상호접합면에 누수방지용 패킹재 부착, PS 강선의 긴장을 통한 상호박스 접합, 되메우기 등의 일련의 과정으로 시공되어진다. 이 때 부적절한 하부지반 처리는 박스간 상호 부등침하를 야기할 수 있으며 결과적으로 지하수의 와류 및 내부유수의 누수를 발생시키게 된다. 본 연구에서는 하부지반이 연약한 경우 PC 암거 접합부의 부등침하를 저감하기 위하여 개발된 PC 기초판과 일체화된 암거의 거동을 현장 시험시공을 통해 분석하였다. 암거의 거동은 접합부에서 암거간의 벌어짐, 하부지반에 작용하는 토압 증가량, 암거 상부의 침하량 계측을 통해 분석되었으며, 분석결과로부터 PC 기초판과 일체화된 암거가 일반적인 시공방법인 PS 강선의 인장으로 체결된 암거에 비하여 침하 및 접합부에서 벌어짐이 적게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2004

터널 등과 같은 대규모의 토목공사에서 암반등급 평가에 이용되는 RMR값의 효율적인 추정을 위해 지구물리 탐사자료인 MT역산결과와 시추공에서 직접 얻어진 자료에 대해 지구통계학적 복합해석을 수행하였다. 일반적으로 물리탐사를 통해 획득한 전기비저항 정보는 RMR 값과 정성적으로 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 판단되지만, 직접적인 일대일 대응은 부정확한 결과를 내놓을 수 있다. 이러한 점을 극복하고, RMR값이 공간적 연속성을 갖는 다는 점을 고려하여 지구통계학적 추정 기술을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 MT자료에 의한 전기비저항치와 시추공에서 얻어진 RMR값의 상관관계에 대한 평균 분포를 비선형적으로 구하고, RMR의 잔차에 대하여 공간적 해석을 적용하여 보다 실제적인 RMR의 분포를 얻고자 하였다. MT 탐사 결과의 비저항 분포를 2차 자료로 이용하여 1차 자료인 시추공에서 얻은 RMR값을 추정 해석하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

Thermal fatigue of the coolant circuits of PWR plants is a major issue for nuclear safety. The problem is especially accute in mixing zones, like T-junctions, where large differences in water temperature between the two inlets and high levels of turbulence can lead to large temperature fluctuations at the wall. Until recently, studies on the matter had been tackled at EDF using steady methods: the fluid flow was solved with a CFD code using an averaged turbulence model, which led to the knowledge of the mean temperature and temperature variance at each point of the wall. But, being based on averaged quantities, this method could not reproduce the unsteady and 3D effects of the problem, like phase lag in temperature oscillations between two points, which can generate important stresses. Benefiting from advances in computer power and turbulence modelling, a new methodology is now applied, that allows to take these effects into account. The CFD tool Code_Saturne, developped at EDF, is used to solve the fluid flow using an unsteady L.E.S. approach. It is coupled with the thermal code Syrthes, which propagates the temperature fluctuations into the wall thickness. The instantaneous temperature field inside the wall can then be extracted and used for structure mechanics computations (mainly with EDF thermomechanics tool Code_Aster). The purpose of this paper is to present the application of this methodology to the simulation of a straight T-junction mock-up, similar to the Residual Heat Remover (RHR) junction found in N4 type PWR nuclear plants, and designed to study thermal striping and cracks propagation. The results are generally in good agreement with the measurements; yet, in certain areas of the flow, progress is still needed in L.E.S. modelling and in the treatment of instantaneous heat transfer at the wall.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2017

This study concerned the analysis on the efficiency of the conversion of water tank type supply system to direct water supply system to examine the feasibility of the conversion, as well as the calculation of optimal conversion range that enables the supply of safe, high-quality water at stable pressure in accordance with the standards of water supply facility. The results of this research showed that when converting water supply system from water tank type supply system to direct water supply system, more nodal points could be properly converted and more reduction of electricity usage was expected in case water pressure rather than residence time was fixed. This means that higher efficacy can be obtained by fixing water pressure when converting water supply system. However, since the number of the locations that received on-spot inspection was small and the electricity usage measured was not exclusively by water supply facility, it is difficult to judge that such reduction of electricity usage accurately represents reduced electricity usage by water supply facility alone. therefore, after having secured on-spot information about a larger number of locations in apartment complexes that have converted water supply system, and utilizing information about electricity usage exclusively by water supply facility, the proposed method of this research could be applied to accurately deducing expected reduction of electricity usage by water supply facilities of various other apartment complexes. It is also considered possible to deduce an effective operation method of water supply system by finding out an area that shows low pressure or low residual chlorine concentration in the optimal conversion range of water supply, followed by estimating the proper location of pumping station or the proper chlorine dosage at the power purification plant that supply water to the target area.