• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

This study aims to propose biotope field datasheet and biotope type classification based on habitat-based by analyzing the German biotope system. The German system began in 1976 and has established a habitat-based national biotope classification system. On the other hand, Korea institutionalized in 2018 to build a classification system based on land use and land cover, which is a classification system that does not fully reflect ecosystem in Korea. Germany operates 44 biotope classification systems and 40 biotope field datasheet. Korea uses a single biotope field datasheet regardless of the biotope type. This classification system may not reflect the characteristics of Korea's biotope ecological habitat. The biotope classification system of Korea was proposed by dividing it into five categories: mountain ecology, freshwater ecology, land ecology, coastal ecology, and development area to reflect ecosystem habitat. The biotope type was designed as a system of large-classification-middle-small classification and subdivided into medium-classification and subdivided in each biotope system. The major classifications were classified into 44 categories according to the mountainous biotope(11), freshwater biotope(8), terrestrial biotope (12), coastal biotope(6), and development biotope(7). Unlike Germany, Korea's biotope field datasheet was proposed in five ways according to the classification of major ecosystem types. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the policy suggestion and the utilization of ecosystem conservation because the biotope classification system is classified to reflect the characteristics of ecosystem habitats.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.202-214
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 금호분지를 6개의 지형단위(보현산지, 팔공산지, 비슬산지, 영천분지, 경산분지, 대구분지)로 구획한 후, 각 지형단위 내에 분포하는 지리관광자원의 자연지리학적 배경과 분포의 특성을 고찰하였다. 금호분지 내의 지리관광자원은 지형환경(32개, 78%)을 많이 반영하며, 다음으로 지질환경(7개, 17%)을 반영한다. 보현산지 내에는 3개의 지형자원이 분포하며, 팔공산지 내에는 8개의 지형자원이 분포한다. 비슬산지 내에는 5개의 지형자원과 1개의 문화자원이 분포한다. 그리고 영천분지 내에는 2개의 지형자원과 1개의 지질자원, 1개의 생물자원, 그리고 2개의 문화자원이 분포하는데, 생물자원 1개와 문화자원 1개는 지형환경을 반영한다. 정산분지 내에는 1개의 지형자원과 1개의 생물자원, 3개의 지질자원이 분포하며, 생물자원 1개는 지형환경을 반영한다. 대구분지 내에는 8개의 지형자원과 2개의 지질자원, 3개의 생물자원이 분포하는데, 생물자원 2개는 지형환경의 영향을 많이 받는다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

SOC 투자를 위한 경제성 평가에서 벌크화물의 시간가치를 반영해야 하는지에 관한 논의가 지속되고 있다. 본 연구는 벌크화물의 시간가치 반영을 위해 검토해야 할 기본 사항들을 제시하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구의 내용은 우선 외국의 반영 현황과 관련 연구사례 및 국내 적용 시 한계점 등을 파악하였다. 벌크화물의 시간가치 반영 방법은 국가별로 다르며 반영의 강도 역시 차이가 나타났다. 또한 운송수단 선택모형을 통해 도출한 시간가치를 반영하는 것도 아직 논란이 예상되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계들을 감안하여 향후 시간가치 반영을 위한 기초환경 구축 방향을 제시하였다. 벌크화물 시간가치 반영은 필요성이 충분히 인정되지만 실제 적용하기까지는 선제적으로 검토하고 해결해야 할 사항들이 있다고 판단된다. 이를 보완하기 위해 후속연구가 지속될 필요가 있으며, 이를 통해 보다 명확한 가이드라인이 마련되기를 기대한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

Word sense disambiguation(WSD) that determines the exact meaning of homonym which can be used in different meanings even in one form is very important to understand the semantical meaning of text document. Many recent researches on WSD have widely used NNLM(Neural Network Language Model) in which neural network is used to represent a document into vectors and to analyze its semantics. Among the previous WSD researches using NNLM, RNN(Recurrent Neural Network) model has better performance than other models because RNN model can reflect the occurrence order of words in addition to the word appearance information in a document. However, since RNN model uses only the forward order of word occurrences in a document, it is not able to reflect natural language's characteristics that later words can affect the meanings of the preceding words. In this paper, we propose a WSD scheme using Bidirectional RNN that can reflect not only the forward order but also the backward order of word occurrences in a document. From the experiments, the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than that of previous method using RNN. Hence, it is confirmed that bidirectional order information of word occurrences is useful for WSD in Korean language.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1182-1194
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• 2018

The Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP(DASH) is envisioned to evolve to meet an increasing demand on providing seamless video streaming services in the near future. The DASH performance heavily depends on the client's adaptive quality selection algorithm that is not included in the standard. The existing conventional algorithms are basically based on a procedural algorithm that is not easy to capture and reflect all variations of dynamic network and traffic conditions in a variety of network environments. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel quality selection mechanism based on the Deep Q-Network(DQN) model, the DQN-based DASH Adaptive Bitrate(ABR) mechanism. The proposed mechanism adopts a new reward calculation method based on five major performance metrics to reflect the current conditions of networks and devices in real time. In addition, the size of the consecutive video segment to be downloaded is also considered as a major learning metric to reflect a variety of video encodings. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism quickly selects a suitable video quality even in high error rate environments, significantly reducing frequency of quality changes compared to the existing algorithm and simultaneously improving average video quality during video playback.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권10호
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• pp.2584-2590
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• 1998

기존의 퍼지 병합 방법에서 여러 개의 소속함수 값을 병합하는 방법으로 t-norm, t-conorm, mean 연산자, Yager 연산자 그리고 $\gamma$ -연산자등과 같은 형태의 연산자가 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 이들 방법은 의사결정 과정에 의사결정시의 상황을 적절히 반영할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 이 논문에서는 의사결정 과정에 의사결정시의 상황을 반영해 주기 위한 상황 평가 모델을 제안한다. 이를 이용해 퍼지 의사결정 환경에서 여러 개의 소속함수 값을 의사결정시의 상황에 따라 방향성을 가지고 단계별로 병합하는 상황 평가에 기반을 둔 병합 방법을 제안하고 기존의 병합 방법과 비교 분석한다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2017

Background: We evaluated whether eye movements could reflect the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy. Methods: Thirty patients with epilepsy of unknown cause as well as age- and sex-matched normal controls were enrolled in this study. We divided the patients into drug-controlled epilepsy (n = 22) and drug-resistant epilepsy (n = 8) groups according to their seizure controls. We analyzed the differences in the parameters of the eye movements in these two groups compared with normal controls using video-based electro-oculography. In addition, we investigated the differences in the cerebellar volumes of these two groups using whole-brain T1-weighted images. Results: The latency and accuracy of saccade in patients with epilepsy were significantly different from normal controls, but they were not different between patients with drug-controlled epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy. However, the gain of pursuit was significantly decreased in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy compared with normal controls (p = 0.0010), whereas it was not different between patients with drug-controlled epilepsy and normal controls (p = 0.9646). In addition, the patients with drug-resistant epilepsy had lower cerebellar volumes than normal controls (p = 0.0052), whereas the cerebellar volumes in patients with drug-controlled epilepsy were not different from normal controls (p = 0.5050). Conclusions: We demonstrated that pursuit eye movements could reflect the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy, a finding that may be related to cerebellar dysfunction.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.573-576
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the lipid peroxidation, creatine kinase activity and cortisol hormone levels following the training intensity in elite judo players. Six elite Judo players participated in the experiments (3h repetition judo program), which include stretching, judo skill practice and cool down without recess. Blood sampling were taken at the judo gymnasium at the time of resting, 1h training, 2h training, 3h training, 2h recovery, and 24h recovery time and this were analyzed for CK, MDA and Cortisol levels. The results obtained were analyzed via repeated measures of ANOVA using SPSS package program (ver.10.0) and a value of p<.05 was considered statistically significant. The results from this study were as follows. In the CK levels, which reflect the contribution of creatine phosphate and muscle damage degree, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training in every period. Recovery 24h showed the highest level. In the MDA levels, which reflect lipid peroxidation, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training. Recovery 2h showed the lowest level. In the cortisol hormone levels, which reflect stress status, there was a significant difference (p<.05). In this study, we can conclude that For the trained athletes, MDA level was lower at the time of exercise compare to the other period, this is caused by the increased antioxidant defence mechanism.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2017

Purpose: Indoor air quality in residential buildings needs to be evaluated over the long term. In previous research, there has been an attempt to perform the health risk assessment of pollutants by using numerical models as a method of long-term evaluation. However, the numerical model of this precedent study has limitations that do not reflect the actual concentration distribution. Therefore, this study introduces the CRPS index, constructs a numerical model that can reflect the concentration distribution, and then presents a more accurate health risk assessment method using it. At this time, the pollutants are toluene, which is a typical material released from building materials. Method: CRPS index was applied to existing numerical model to reflect concentration distribution. This was used to calculate concentrations at adult breathing area and to use them for exposure assessment in a health risk assessment. After that, we entered adult data and conducted a health risk assessment of toluene. Results: The non-carcinogenic risk of toluene was calculated to be 0.0060. This is 5% smaller than the existing numerical model, meaning that it is more accurate to predict the pollutant risks. This value is also lower than the US EPA reference value of 1. Therefore, under the conditions of this study, long-term exposure of adults to toluene has no impact on health.

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 2000년도 제37회 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.25-47
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• 2000

In route guidance systems fastest-path routing has typically been adopted because of its simplicity. However, empirical studies on route choice behavior have shown that drivers use numerous criteria in choosing a route. The objective of this study is to develop computationally efficient algorithms for identifying a manageable subset of the nondominated (i.e. Pareto optimal) paths for real-time vehicle routing which reflect the drivers' preferences and route choice behaviors. We propose two pruning algorithms that reduce the search area based on a context-dependent linear utility function and thus reduce the computation time. The basic notion of the proposed approach is that ⅰ) enumerating all nondominated paths is computationally too expensive, ⅱ) obtaining a stable mathematical representation of the drivers' utility function is theoretically difficult and impractical, and ⅲ) obtaining optimal path given a nonlinear utility function is a NP-hard problem. Consequently, a heuristic two-stage strategy which identifies multiple routes and then select the near-optimal path may be effective and practical. As the first stage, we utilize the relaxation based pruning technique based on an entropy model to recognize and discard most of the nondominated paths that do not reflect the drivers' preference and/or the context-dependency of the preference. In addition, to make sure that paths identified are dissimilar in terms of links used, the number of shared links between routes is limited. We test the proposed algorithms in a large real-life traffic network and show that the algorithms reduce CPU time significantly compared with conventional multi-criteria shortest path algorithms while the attributes of the routes identified reflect drivers' preferences and generic route choice behaviors well.