• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

The net primary productivity and potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century were estimated by the Miami model and thermal climate, respectively, based on 148 meteorological data sets. In the 21st century, the distribution range of the net primary produtivity in the Korean peninsula was estimated as 1,050 g $DM{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}~2,050g\;DM\cdot m^-2\cdot yr^{-1}.\; These\; values\; increased\; by\; 200g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}\;on\;northern\;part\;and\;400g\; DM\cdot m^{-2}\cdot yr^{-1}$ on southern part compared with that of the present century. The potential natural vegetation in the Korean peninsula in the 21st century will change into the followings:coniferous forest on Mt. Paektu area, deciduous broadleaf forest on northern part, and evergreen broadleaf forset on southern part.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2011

The end effect of a linear induction motor (LIM) has been known for several decades, especially in high speed operation. The exit part of the primary is not dealt as extensively as the entry part because of its minor effect. However, the exit part is one of the keys to weaken the dolphin effect, which occurs in high speed operation. In this paper, the concept of the virtual primary core is introduced, and chamfering of the primary outlet teeth is proposed to minimize the longitudinal end effect at the exit zone. For this, LIM for the high-speed train is designed and analyzed by using finite element method. Results confirm that chamfering can improve thrust performance effectively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.132-142
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• 1999

In this paper, a new formula for primary and secondary thrust of metal belt CVT is proposed considering variation of band tension, block compression and active arc for each of the primary and secondary pulleys. For the secondary thrust, effective friction coefficient is introduced considering the effect of flange deflection. Nondimensional primary and secondary thrust of the metal belt CVT by the new formula agree well with the experimental results except for low torque range, $0\;<\;{\lambda}\;<\;0.2$ at speed ration i = 1.0. The new formula can be used in design of the primary and secondary thrusts control system for the metal belt CVT.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.403-406
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• 2019

We propose a low-loss on-chip transformer using an auxiliary primary part (APP) for an output matching network for fully integrated CMOS power amplifiers. The APP is designed using a fifth metal layer while the primary and secondary parts are designed using a sixth metal layer with a width smaller than that of the primary and secondary parts of the transformer to minimize the substrate loss and the parasitic capacitance between the primary and secondary parts. By adapting the APP in the on-chip transformer, we obtain an improved maximum available gain value without the need for any additional chip area. The feasibility of the proposed APP structure is successfully verified.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1984

Author have measured the depth of gingival sulcus of the primary teeth. 333 teeth were selected from the children who attended on the department of pedodontic, College of dentistry, Yonsei University, and kindergarten children at Won Ju city aged from 1 year 8 months to 10 year 2 months. 1998 point were measured. The results were as follows. ; 1. Facial surface was the shallowest in sulcus depth compared with other surfaces. It was 1.56 mm. The depth of sulcus in lingual surface was deeper than facial. 2. The deepest part of each surface was mesial and distal, There were no statistical differences between mesial and distal part of the sulcus depth. 3. The mean sulcus depth of each tooth was as follows. Primary central incisor.....1.71mm. Primary canine....1.75mm. Primary second molar.....2.03mm. 4. The mean sulcus depth of upper was 1.86mm, and the lower was 1.76mg. The upper tooth was deeper than lower in sulcus depth. 5. The lower primary central incisor had the shallowest sulcus and the upper 2nd primary molar had the deepest compared with other tooth. 6. There wasn't specific statistical differences between the age groups of primary dentition and mixed dentition.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2016

Abnormal sound was heard from a heat exchanger of condensate water system in a nuclear power plant, which was identified as impact sound of a loose part later. Nuclear power plants are normally equipped with loose part monitoring system for primary water system, but not for secondary water system. The abnormal sound was analyzed by using the impact signal-processing methodology based on the Hertz theory. The predicted results for impact location and size of the loose part showed good agreement with those of the actual loose part found during the overhaul period in the plant. So, this analysis methodology for the impact signal will be widely utilized for the primary and secondary side of the nuclear power plant.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2003

Purpose: The study is designed to develop an educational CD-Program for prevention and control of obesity among primary school students. Method: The study is conducted from June 15, 2000 to April 15, 2002. Based on the course of program development suggested by Dick and Cray (1990), the study followed the planning, development, education and evaluation of a program. Result: The developed CD-Program consists 2 parts each for lower and higher grades of primary school students. The introduction part of the first trial for lower grade students uses quiz to encourage their motivations, the body proceeds with motion pictures and animations to trigger their interests. The introduction part of the second trial for the lower grades consists of remembering the exhibition lecture. The first trial for higher grades of primary school students builds on the contents of the low grades. Its body part, how to determine obesity and calculate ones own obesity, puts ones own weight and height in by the mouse. For the second trial of the higher grades, the body consists of life-style, diet, and regiments. Conclusion: The merits of this CD-Program are that to be possible an interaction between teachers and students.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2012

Using results from an Earth System model, we investigated change in primary production in the East China Sea, under a global warming scenario. As global warming progresses, the vertical stratification of water becomes stronger, and nutrient supply from the lower part to the upper part is reduced. Consequently, so is the primary production. In addition to the warming trend, there is strong decadal to interdecadal scale variability, and it takes a few decades before the warming trend surpasses natural variability. Thus, it would be very hard to investigate the global warming trend using data of several years' length.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1999

For the purpose of investigating the factor of foot and calf growth of primary-school children who are fastgrowing during this period, a group of the 1st graders of primary-school had been the subject of this measurement in 1995 and thereafter they became the subject again in 1997 when they were the 3rd graders. Measurement was carried out in 30 items including height and weight and marthin-type measurer and Footprint were used for this measurement. As the result, in the part of calf, the measuring items of maximum calf circumference and knee circumference, and in the part of foot, the items of instep circumference, heel circumference, instep circumference, measured angle of big toe showed the highest growth. The average growth of length for 2 years appeared about 2cm and the parts of instep circumference, heel circumference had rapidly grown rather than in the part of foot circumference. Height growth of the part of toe was about 0.1 and in the factor analysis of foot measurement of 8-year and 10-year and children, the following findings appeared in both cases that height was related with the items of calf height and foot length and weight was related with calf circumference and breadth, foot circumference items.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제16권1_2호
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• pp.585-593
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• 2004

In this paper we shall discuss the minimal, maximal and primary subautomata. Also the concepts of the totally reachable state and source will be introduced. It is an interesting part that mX＊ is minimal iff the source S(m) is maximal. We shall point out that the characterization of primary subautomaton comes from the properties associated with the sources S(m)'s.