• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.549-559
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• 2014

The increasing demand of maritime transportation and port development especially due to increased international trade resulted in a strengthening of regulating the greenhouse gas emissions mainly from ships by International Maritime Organization (IMO). Responding to these international environmental regulation and enforcement, the United States and the European seaports have expanded their Green Port Policy, which can promote the public welfare by reducing pollution caused by ships and ports. Accordingly, in 2010, Korean government enacted "The Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth" and had pushed for all Korean ports to establish and implement their own green port policies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish the Green Port Policy Plan for sustainable and environmental friendly operations and developments of Ulsan port, which plans to be the oil hub port of Northeast Asia. To this end, we studied the current status of the environmental policy issues in Ulsan Port and international-&-domestic case studies on establishment of green port policy. With these studies, Ulsan green policy alternatives were identified that through the experts advice, and then were prioritized by adopting AHP survey analysis. As the result of this study, it was notified that LED lights replacement and AMP establishment as the hardware policy and the port environmental management department as the software policy were equally important policy options for the implementation of sustainable Ulsan Green Port Policy to meet port's characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2013

This paper focuses upon the relationship between port and port city. The purpose of this study is to theoretically review the relationship between port and its city, and to identify crucial policy directions for mutual development of port and the backward city in the case of Gwangyang Port (GP), Korea. The contents of this paper consist of five main sections: introduction; a concept of port-port city relationship; an analysis of the relationship between GP and its city; policy directions for GP city; conclusion. This study was mainly conducted by a literature review of the papers/reports and the analysis of secondary data. Significant policy strategies are associated with development of value-added logistics, expansion of additional port business, vitalization of port hinterlands, and establishment of port logistics clusters in terms of port economic function. Green port operation, improvements of coastal environment, establishment of port waterfronts, and conceptual port redevelopment master plan are included in the major port city development strategies in terms of sustainable development. Another major port city development strategies contain major port city master plan, institutional arrangements for port city development, specialized port city development policy, and formation of free trade port city in relation to integrated port-port city planning and management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2004

This paper addresses the operation, problems, and development policy of Gwangyang Port, Korea. This paper aims to analyze the operation condition and problems of Gwangyang Port and suggest long-term policies for developing Gwangyang Port as a logistic hub in northeast period. It is made up of three main sections: the operation, problems, and forecast of freight volumes; analysis of operational results of Gwangyang Port; development strategies of Gwangyang Port as a Logistics Hub. This paper was mainly based on a review of current papers/reports, an analysis of secondary data, and questionnaire survey. The major development strategies identified consisted of expansion regular service sea-route, formation of inter-modal transportation system, strengthening of port sales for Gwangyang port's recognition, securing operation-profits by fixed cargo volume, and promotion of free tread zone.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2003

Recently, the cluster-based industrial policy has become a powerful policy tool for strengthening the competitiveness of nations, industries and firms. The concept of cluster develops as firms choose to locate in each others proximity. Cluster concept can be usefully applied to analyze cluster of port-related activities. Port cluster can be used as a systematic foundation for providing one-stop value added logistics service to its customers. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest a way for establishing the port cluster in Korean seaport. For this aim, the paper defines a concept of port cluster and examines the its necessity. And the procedure for establishment of port cluster in Korea is proposed. In addition, the paper analyzed the port cluster structure-conduit-performance. Especially, the role of port cluster's participants, central and local government, universities and related R＆D institutes, and private companies, are suggested respectively. As a conclusion, policy suggestions for the establishment of port cluster in Korea are suggested.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.127-142
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• 2021

The Pohang Youngilman Port is the only international trade port in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region, but its cargo throughput has been stagnated since its opening. Finding out ways to revitalize the port has been a big issue in the region, taking its potential business effects on the surrounding areas into consideration. This study, therefore, aimed to critically evaluate the government policies and empirically analyze business environments of the Pohang Youngilman Port as a fundamental to reach solutions for its revitalization. The policy evaluation showed that there are discrepancies in viewing contexts, implementations and mechanisms of the port at each government level, which resulted in implementing various but inconsistent solutions. Also, the interview results were analyzed to point out the fundamental problems, such as limited cargo volume due to weak hinterland development, lack of shuttle shipping between Busan New Port and Pohang Youngilman Port, and lack of large shippers to diverse the shipping network. This study has academic and managerial implications in suggesting measures for facilitation of the Pohang Youngilman Port by amalgamating various viewpoints of governments and stakeholders, which can be used for policy development as well as practical solutions for the port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.361-384
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• 2009

This study aims to analyse the current conditions of transport demand and its environmental problems in Gwangyang Port(GP), and to suggest crucial directions for Gwangyang Green Port(GGP) in Korea. This study consists of three main sections: concept of green growth and green port; the analysis of transport demand and environment situations in GP; policy directions for GGP. This study is mainly conducted by a literature review of related papers, an analysis of secondary data & papers, and interviews with port experts. This study presents important policy directions for successfully managing GGP in Korea as follows: modal shifts plan for green transport and logistics system in GP; energy-saving techniques in GP's berth operation; the application of environmentally friendly port operation methods in GP; construction of GP waterfront facilities; environmentally friendly disposal of maritime waste matters; establishment and implementation of port environment master plan. This study will make a big contribution to the building of green port policy and the providing of professional informations to government officials.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-164
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• 2010

Japanese government has instituted and carried out Super-core Ports Policy to improve their operating efficiencies of international container ports from 2004. Despite of diverse institutional and administrative supports within this policy, this paper has assessed that they couldn't accomplished goals at the end of 2009 when the policy ended. In short, Japanese Super-core ports have explicitly lost the competitiveness for functioning as a hub-port in the East Asia region. We could find some defaults in the policy i.e. some limits of the private terminal operating units, inefficiencies in teaming between ports within Super-core port, lacking with system for collecting cargoes. In 2010, Japan is going to reinforce International Strategic Container Port Policy following Super-core Ports Policy. With this policy, they ought to prepare for the last leap on the basis of selection and concentration rules in international port. This new policy is particularly focused on recapturing their T/S cargo via Busan port. Regarding these changes, Busan port needs to prepare counter measurements for preserving Japanese T/S cargo firmly.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.21-36
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• 2019

To ensure that Korea continues to grow, past governments have been consistent in following a policy of advancing into Russia, Mongolia, and Eurasia. The northern economy can expect to achieve synergistic growth because its economic structure complements that of Korea, which has high energy demand and industrial development. There is also an opportunity to accelerate the growth of the China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor, which is based on Russia's Look East Policy, China's One Belt One Road, and the Mongolian Steppe Road initiative. The Korean government is pursuing a New Northern Policy to achieve the goal of economic cooperation and peace building with other nations, including North Korea; this policy succeeds the Northern Policy pursued by the previous government. As international economic cooperation requires transportation infrastructure, the demand for shipping, which offers more advantages than road and rail transportation, will increase; thus, it is necessary to prepare for it. Korea's port cities, which have a port that serves as the nodal point for maritime transportation, need to prepare for the New Northern Policy. In this paper, the long-term development of Seosan-Daesan port in the was planned and the North Korea's opening-op plan was considered in accordance with the New Northern Policy. Because international cooperation between the government and the provincial cities is required, cooperation with the Port Authority is needed, along with the proactive attitude of Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do. The Seosan-Daesan port, which is the center of the liquid energy cargo center, can become the base of the New Northern Policy Region; further, the port can be an opportunity to establish its position as a peaceful economic hub on the west coast of Korea.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2014

Recently, GTO's rate of return to investment is decreasing. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically on enhancement of competitiveness of global port container terminal. This study deals with the terms of three competitiveness enhancement factors which are a GTO's subjective factors, a management environment factors, and a government policy factors. According to analysis results of the three competitiveness enhancement factors, a GTO's subjective factors(4.21 score) are scored at the most ones of competitiveness enhancement factors of GTO, to be compared with a management environment factors(3.94 score). with a government policy factors(3.90 score). Therefore, first of all, it is important to enhance competitiveness of GTO through as follows, a GTO's subjective factors : (1) to procure local and tranship cargo volume, (2) to promote port logistics service, (3) to retain resonable port rate by promoting terminal productivity, (4) to procure container ship firms and alliance. And, the next, we have to enhance GTO's competitiveness through considering a management environment factors, that is, fluctuation of container cargo volume, port awareness, whether function of hub port, etc., and a government policy factors, that is, smart policy of port development, smart policy of port rate, incentive policy for procuring tranship cargo, etc.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.238-251
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• 2021

It is understood that carriers evaluate several features of ports when fixing the T/S port. Those features can be enumerated as Geographic condition of port, Service network with overseas ports, Level of port productivity, Port infrastructure, Port services level, Port Authority's Policy direction mand Cost competitiveness. The objectives of this study are to: 1) determine if those factors could affect the T/S competitiveness of the port; and 2) to evaluate how Busan port conforms to those determinants factors in such extent. According to results of the analysis after surveying National global carrier, Intra-Asia carriers, Global overseas carriers, Terminal operators, and Busan Port Authority known to be highly influential samples, all factors were proven to be factors affecting the T/S competitiveness of the port. Meanwhile, in the analysis through AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) methodology about the order of weight among those factors, Cost competitiveness was answered as the most important factor. On the other hand, in the analysis to find the situation if Busan port conforms to those factors, Busan port was proven to satisfy those conditions to a moderate extent. In the analysis about the order of strength among those factors, Busan port was answered to have the highest strength in the geographic condition. However, it showed the bottom level of strength in the Cost competitiveness which was answered as the most important factor among samples for determining the T/S competitiveness of the port. This indicates that Government and Port Authority of Busan have to concentrate policy capabilities on the improvement of cost competitiveness of Busan port to enhance the T/S competitiveness. In this paper, four policy recommendations are given : Integration of Busan port operation into New port, Combining multiple operators into one or a few, Attracting Global mega carriers as the New port terminal operators, and Continuous Infrastructure expansion.