• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 1988

In order to study the marked variation of red blood cell sedimentation rate in some species of animals, the packed cell volume, volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood, was reshuffled of 20%, 40% and 60% using heteroplasma of chicken and goat, and the red blood cell sedimentation rate was measured in Westergren tubes at $27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The values of packed cell volume(PCV) of goat and chicken were $40.7{\pm}4.1%$ and $30.2{\pm}2.2%$ respectively. 2. The sedimentation rates of reshuffled red blood cell were settled faster at lower PCV than higher PCV, i.${\acute{e}}$. there was a reverse relationship between the sedimention rate and PCV. 3. Red blood cells of chicken settled quickly, where as those of goat settled very slowly. Chicken red blood cell sedimented rapidly even in goat plasma, and goat red blood cell sedimented slowly in chicken plasma. These findings indicate that the plasma is not the only factor determining the rapid red blood cell sedimentation rate of chicken. 4. The sedimentation rate of reshuffled red blood cell of chicken and goat were accelerated at higher temperature than lower temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 1967

Outward movement of hemoglobin and $K^+$ ion across rabbit erythrocyte membrane after heating, cooling and in acid medium was studied. One milliliter of rabbit blood was centrifuged and packed red cells were obtained. Packed red cells were resuspended by addition of 4 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution and were subjected to heating $(57^{\circ}C\;for\;5\;minutes)$ or cooling $(-4^{\circ}C{\sim}-8^{\circ}C\;of\;-10^{\circ}C{\sim}-11^{\circ}C\;for\;10\;minutes) $. For acid medium experiment packed ref cells were resuspended by addition of 4 ml of acid medium of PH 4.5 consisting of 0.01% glacial acetic acid in 0.85% NaCl solution and kept standing for 10 minutes. All red cell suspensions were centrifuged again and packed red cells were separated. This packed red cells were again suspended in 4 ml of NaCl solution of 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, and 0.5% concentration respectively and kept standing for 20 minutes. The concentration of hemoglobin and $K^+$ in the supernatant of the above red cell suspensions were measured and the following results were obtained. 1. Outward movement of hemoglobin and $K^+$ was greatest in red cells subjected to heating. The movement paralled to the osmolal concentration gradient between extra- and intra-cellular phase of red cells. 2. In acid medium the outflux of hemoglobin and $K^+$ increased as compared to the control. 3. In red cells subjected to the cold of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}-11^{\circ}C$ the outflux of hemoglobin and $K^+$ increased. Whereas in the environment of $-4^{\circ}C{\sim}-8^{\circ}C$ there was no change in the outflux of $K^+$. The he-moglobin outflux showed rather a decreased as compared to tile control.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 1995

Assays for HBsAg, HBV DNA, anti-HBc and anti-HBs of 285 units of packed red blood cells supplied by Taegu Red Cross Blood Center were performed to evaluate the correlation between the prevalence of HBV DNA and the serologic markers for hepatitis B virus. None of 285 plasma samples was positive for HBsAg, however, HBV DNA were detected by polymerase chain reaction in 2 samples which both presented only with anti-HBc positivity. Of 204 samples tested for anti-HBs, 96 samples(47.1%) were positive and among 216 samples tested for anti-HBc, 80 samples(37.0%) were positive. Of 193 samples tested for both anti-HBs and anti-HBc, 80(41.1%) were all negative and 48(24.9%) were positive on both tests. Those samples which showed positivity only to anti-HBc were 25(13.0%). Considering the above results, transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus infection could be prevented by discarding anti-HBc positive blood, however, that may bring insufficient supply of donor bloods in the country like Korea where the prevalence of anti-HBc is high. Anti-HBc positive blood unequivocally positive for anti-HBs should be considered noninfectious for HBV and should be allowed to be transfused. It would reduce the amount of discarding donor blood as the routine blood donor screening tests presently used at Korea Red Cross Blood Center supplemented by anti-HBs and anti-HBc testing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2002

Background: The washing of packed red blood cells could remove pro-inflammatory mediators, cell debris, and micro-particles contained in packed red blood cells, and the preci-rculation-ultrafiltration (recirculation and ultrafiltration of circuit itself before cardiopulmonary bypass) could attenuate the initial inflammatory reaction and remove the initial proinflam-matory mediators. This study was performed to evaluate whether the washing of packed red blood cells and precirculation-ultrafiltration can reduce the production of cytokines that have an important role in myocardial reperfusion injury. This study investigated the effects of washing the packed red blood cells and precirculation-ultrafiltration on the production of cytokines during and after cardiopulmonary bypass and open heart surgery. Material and Method: Forty eight infants with VSD undergoing open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized into control group (group C, n=12), washing group (group W, n= 12), precirculation-ultrafiltration group (group F, n: 12), and combined group(washing and precirculation-ultrafiltration, group WF, n=12). Blood samples were obtained before, during, and after the bypass to assess plasma level of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Results: Expressions of TNF-$\alpha$ were significantly reduced in combined group (group WF) compared with group C, group W, and group F (p<0.05). Expression of IL-6 were significantly reduced in group W, group F, and group WF compared with group C (p<0.05), but similar among group W, group F, and group WF (p=0.053). Expression of IL-8 were reduced in group W and group WF compared with group C (p<0.05), but similar among group W, group F, and group WF (p=0.067). Conclusion: In conclusion, the washing of packed red blood cells and precirculation-ultrafiltration blunted the increase of TNF-$\alpha$ , IL-6, and IL-8 during and after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the clinical benefits of these treatments remains unproven.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1981

The adult New Hampshire female chickens were phlebotomized and the blood heparinized was centrifuged. The packed cell volume was made and the hematocrit, per centage of the blood that is red cells, was reschuffled of $10\%,30\%,50\%, and 70\%$

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 1989

The study was undertaken to obtain indirect values of volume of packed red cell (VPRC) without centrifugation, using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of diluted blood in dogs. ESRs of diluted blood using the diluent of autologous plasma in which formed numerous RBC-rouleau clumps, autologous serum in which formed a few RBC-rouleau clumps, and 5% dextrose or 6% sucrose solutions in which formed numerous RBC-aggregation clumps, were accelerated. But, ESR of diluted blood using the 0.9% saline, D-S, ACD-B, CDP or D-PBS solutions were sluggish, because erythrocytes were dispersed in these diluents. Reliable values of VPRC on the basis of the correlating regressive equation to the ESR could be derived from values of$60^{\circ}$-angled-micro-ESR/40 min in the mixture, four parts of 5% dextrose solution and one part of whole blood. In the ESR values of diluted blood with low ratio, 1:1~3:1, $60^{\circ}$-micro-ESR was higher than $60^{\circ}$-Wintrobe-ESR. But, in the diluted blood with high ratio, 4:1~5:1, there was no different ESR values. For an aid of practical use, authers suggested a list of the $60^{\circ}$-micro-ESR/40 min in the diluted blood with equivalent VPRC of whole blood.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study is to derive indirect values of volume of packed red cell(VPRC), without centrifugation, from erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) of blood diluted with isotonic dextrose solution in cattle. Each of ten blood samples taken from apprently healthy Korean cows and Holstein cows was used to produce eight different mixture of autologous plasma and blood corpuscles such that their values of VPRC lay between 15 to 50ml/100ml, and then each of the blood mixture was again diluted with 5% dextrose solution. The measurements of ESR using 45 degree-angled capillary hematocrit tube, 1.1~1.2mm bore, ($45^{\circ}$-micro-ESR) were practised for the diluted blood of various levels of VPRC under the ambient temperature of $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}C$. Reliable values of VPRC on the basis of the correlating linear regressive equation to the ESR could be derived from the values of $45^{\circ}$-micro-ESR/hr in the mixture of one part of whole blood and one part of 5% dextrose solution(1:1). For an aid of practical use, authors suggested a list of the $45^{\circ}$-micro-ESR/hr values of the diluted blood equivalent to VPRC of whole blood.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.193-195
• /
• 1998

A one-month old Holstein calf with clinical histories of diarrheal weekness and behavioural abnormality revealed clinical findings of anemia and dehydration. The red blood cells were $1.4{\times} 10^{6}/{\mu}l$ and packed red cell volume was 45%. A blood smear showed a large number of circulating Trypanosoma theileri. To treat Trypanosomiasisi the patient received once a daily oral dosage o$\ulcorner$ 10 mg/kg of the Quinidine sulfate including transfusion (200 ml) for 3 days. After 2 weeks, the calf recovered body condition. These results suggest that Administration of Quinidine sulfate in trypanosomiasis may be a useful treatment approach.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 2008

The effect of aflatoxin-contaminated corn on albino mice was investigated using the sperm morphology assay. Blood parameter levels including; total white blood cells (WBC), total red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), serum bilirubin (SB) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were also determined in the tested mice. Test mice were exposed to aflatoxin-contaminated corn (contamination level of 100 ppb) for $1{\sim}4$ weeks while aflatoxin-free corn and cyclophosphamide were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Sperm cells showed varieties of morphological abnormality when assessed after 5 weeks. The percentage frequencies of the negative and positive controls were 18.8% and 48.87%, respectively, while the percentage abnormalities for the 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks exposures were 41.38%, 48.17%, 57.13% and 61.67%, respectively. PCV, WBC, total bilirubin and glucose level values of mice in all concentrations were higher and statistically significant as compared to the negative control values using Dunnett's test. Therefore, abnormal sperm cell induction is concentrationdependent such that continuous consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated corn is capable of negatively affecting spermatogenesis by inducing or increasing the frequency of morphologically abnormal sperm cells produced.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2018

Background: The use of a functionally closed system for the glycerolization and deglycerolization of red blood cells (RBCs) allows for prolonged post-thaw storage for more than 24 hours. The aim of this study was to assess glycerolization and deglycerolization processing for RBCs using a high glycerol method in the automated, closed system provided by Haemonetics ACP 215. Methods: Thirty-five packed RBCs were glycerolized using the ACP 215 to a final concentration of 40% (wt/vol). The units were either frozen as such (n=30) or excess glycerol was removed (n=5) before freezing. After storage at $-80^{\circ}C$, the units were thawed, deglycerolized and resuspended in SAG-M. The frozen-thawed RBCs were stored at $4^{\circ}C$, and analyzed for their stability and in vitro quality. Results: No prefreeze excess glycerol removal units showed significantly less potassium leakage during post-thaw storage compared to the prefreeze excess glycerol removal units. All measurements of the stability and in vitro quality of thawed RBCs prepared from frozen RBCs without the prefreeze removal of excess glycerol during post-thaw storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days were acceptable to the American Blood Bank Association's standards and European standards. Conclusion: RBCs frozen without prefreeze removal of excess glycerol and the ACP 215 simplifies cryopreservation procedure and increases the stability of frozen-thawed RBCs. This increases the practical applicability of cryopreserved RBCs in blood transfusion practice.