• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.533-544
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• 2013

The multiplicative version of Wiener index (${\pi}$-index), proposed by Gutman et al. in 2000, is equal to the product of the distances between all pairs of vertices of a (molecular) graph G. In this paper, we first present some sharp bounds in terms of the order and other graph parameters including the diameter, degree sequence, Zagreb indices, Zagreb coindices, eccentric connectivity index and Merrifield-Simmons index for ${\pi}$-index of general connected graphs and trees, as well as a Nordhaus-Gaddum-type bound for ${\pi}$-index of connected triangle-free graphs. Then we study the behavior of ${\pi}$-index upon the case when removing a vertex or an edge from the underlying graph. Finally, we investigate the extremal properties of ${\pi}$-index within the set of trees and unicyclic graphs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1987

불포화고리 아닌 화합물(unsaturated acyclic hyrocarbons)과 불포화고리 화합물(unsaturated acyclic hyrocarbons) 153가지에 대한 $\pi$-결합에너지를 Huckel 분자궤도 함수론적으로 계산한 $E_{\pi}$값과 Kier의 molecular connectivity index, $\chi$와 비교하여 계산한 값 사이의 관계가 대단히 잘 일치함을 알 수 있고, Molecular Connectivity Index 중 일차 valence connectivity index, $^1{\chi}^v$가 $E_{\pi}$와 좋은 상관관계가 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1999

돼지풀 잎의 성장이 plastochron index(PI)에 의해 계산되었으며 돼지풀 잎의 monoterpenes함량과 조성이 PI에 따라 조사되었다. 돼지풀은 PI 2.0부터 monoterpene의 총함량이 계속적으로 증가하였으며, PI 11.89때 최고의 양을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 돼지풀에서 동정된 monoterpene들은 약 29개의 화학물질들로서, 그 가운데 No. 2, octene, α-pinons, β-myrcene, 1,3,6-octatrine, endo-borneol, (-)-bornyl acetate가 대표적으로 많이 함유된 monoterpene들이었다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2011

Critical environmental elements for long term preservation of a paper are temperature, humidity, dust, light, contaminants in air, and mold. Especially, temperature and humidity need special care, because they can not only directly degrade paper but also affect the degradation of the other elements. Therefore methods to monitor variation of temperature and relative humidity were studied. One of the methods was to use preservation index for evaluating preservation environment. Since the evaluation for preservation environment of a stack room investigated firstly by D. K. Sebera, PI(preservation index) and TWPI(Time-Weighted Preservation Index) by IPI is made to evaluate relatively preservation environment in a stack room. T. Padfield developed method which could calculate easy PI and TWPI. In this study, the preservation environment of stack rooms for paper storage in NAK(National Archives Korea) was evaluated by PI and TWPI. PI and TWPI of stack rooms for paper storage in NAK maintained good condition but PI depended on season. Then the preservation environment of stack rooms for paper storage in NAK was required to maintain continuously PI and TWPI regardless of season change.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.201-222
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• 2019

최근 제안된 완벽주의 지수 PI는 연구자를 유력자와 대량생산자로 구분하는 지표이다. 이 연구에서는 PI를 개량한 새로운 지표인 준완벽주의 지수 NPI를 제안하였다. NPI는 특히 발행시기 등을 고려하지 않고 저인용논문에 무조건 획일적인 기준으로 패널티를 부과하던 PI의 방식을 개선하는 보완 지수이다. NPI에서는 꼬리 보상 영역에 인용빈도 곡선을 고려하면서 패널티를 부과함으로써, h-지수의 향상이 오히려 영향력 지표에 불리하게 작용하는 것을 방지한다. 이렇게 개발된 NPI를 Web of Science 문헌정보학 관련 분야 학술지에 시험 적용해본 결과 h-지수와 평균 인용횟수로는 불가능했던, 유력 학술지와 대량생산 학술지의 구분을 성공적으로 수행할 수 있었다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2013

Pattabiraman and Paulraja [K. Pattabiraman, P. Paulraja, Vertex and edge PI indices of the generalized hierarchical product of graphs, Discrete Appl. Math. 160 (2012) 1376- 1384] obtained exact formulas for the vertex and edge PI indices of generalized hierarchical product of graphs. The aim of this note is to improve the main results of this paper.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.978-983
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• 2002

Small intestinal transit (SIT) has often been regarded as an index of pathophysiological state of postoperative ileus (PI) in rats. The reliability of SIT as an index of PI was examined in the present study. PI was induced via abdominal surgery (i.e., laparotomy with evisceration and manipulation) in rats. For one group of PI-induced rats, SIT of a charcoal test meal was measured. When necessary, the physical state (i.e., severity and site of distension) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in each rat was visually examined. For another group of PI-induced rats, abdominal X-ray radiographs were obtained after introducing the barium sulfate suspension. The abdomen was then opened and the physical state of the GI tract was visually examined. The SIT was decreased in most of the PI-induced rats, and the GI distension was observed, with substantial intersubject variations, in all of the PI-induced rats. However, no linear relationship was evident between the SIT and the severity of GI distension (e.g., at 20 h after PI induction). Instead, the severity and site of GI distension could be monitored by the X-ray radiology. Therefore, the use of SIT as an index of PI should be substantially limited.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1177-1180
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• 2009

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8673-8678
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• 2015

본 논문은 토마토 생육 진단 시스템 개발에 관한 것이다. 토마토 생육 진단을 위하여 우선 생육에 영향을 미치는 주요 지표를 정의하였고, 이 지표를 이용하여 토마토 생육 상태에 대한 진단과 이에 따른 조치 정보를 제공한다. 생육에 대한 지표는 지속적인 관찰을 통하여 생육 상태를 확인하는 측정 지표(Measure Index; MI)와 현재 토마토가 영영생장 단계인지 또는 생식생장 단계인지를 판단하는 단계 지표(Period Index; PI)로 구성되었다. 본 시스템의 관찰일지는 MI와 PI에 대한 기록 정보를 입력하는 기능을 제공하고 있다. MI인 경우, 진단은 관찰일지에 기록된 데이터와 미리 정의된 해당 지표에 대한 정상 기준(표준) 값을 비교한 결과이다. PI인 경우 미리 정의된 영양 생장 지표와 생식 생장 지표에 체크를 하여 어느 부분에 치우쳤는지 판단하도록 만들어졌다. 진단 결과 정의된 조치를 수행하는 기능을 서비스한다. 본 시스템은 타 작물로 서비스 확장을 고려하여 구현되었다. 본 시스템을 이용하면 농가에게 정확한 생육 진단과 그에 따른 조치 정보를 제공할 수 있기 때문에 농가의 생산성 향상에 기여할 것을 기대하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1985

The plastochron index (PI) provides possibility on studies of the effects of various environmental factors on morphological and physiological development of plants. The PI of Erickson and Michemlini(1957) could be used merely when leaf n is longer an leaf n+1 is smaller than the references length at any time. If both the lengths of leaf n and n+1 are smaller or longer than the reference length, it could not estimated. In this study, the PI of Erickson and Michelini was complemented and the linear patterns according to leaf arrangement was represented, PI is n-(lnLR-lnLn)/(lnLn-lnLn+1). And when both the lengths of leaf n and n+1 are longer than the length of reference, PI is n+1+(ln Ln+1-lnLR)/(lnLn-lnLn+1). The linear model of PI is changed by the various environmental factors and the linear patterns are different according to leaf arrangement. According to leaf arrangement, the equation of the general regression lines is Yin-(i-j)=a-(n-1)(q1+...+qi-1)-(q1+...+qj-1)+rt+$\varepsilon$. Where Y:the logarithmic of the leaf length in question, i:leaf number hang on the one node, n:the number counting from base, q:spacing on the Y-axis, j:0, 1, 2, ..., r:slope, t:time, $\varepsilon$:error.