• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

Recently, our society is increasingly aware of the strengthening of 'publicness'. In particular, it is urgent to improve safety in that public spaces are used by an unspecified number of people. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive an indicators for evaluating crime safety in outdoor public spaces and to present the relative weights of each evaluation indicator. For this purpose, this study investigated the relative importance of crime safety evaluation indicators for outdoor public spaces to experts and conducted AHP analysis based on this. The result of this study is as follows. First, it was confirmed that similar tendency was observed among experts group (researcher, public officials, planner) related to outdoor public space. Therefore, the results of this study will be a certain reference point in the future social consensus on the issue. Second, the experts related to physical environment evaluation showed that the priority of environmental planning related to 'Natural surveillance' is highly evaluated in order to increase crime safety of outdoor public space. Next, it was recognized that 'Mechanical surveillance' and 'Legibility reinforcement' were needed.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

In commercial areas, outdoor units are typically installed close to one another in the narrow space between buildings due to insufficient regulations. This makes it difficult to ventilate the discharge airflow, which may lead to deterioration of the performance of outdoor units. This study conducted CFD simulation to analyze the thermal environment according to the installation distance of the outdoor unit. The outdoor unit was installed in the space between buildings, and the thermal environment was analyzed by changing installation distance and wind speed. The performance of the outdoor unit was evaluated by measuring the on-coil temperature. The results show that the closer the distance between outdoor units, the higher the condenser on-coil temperature. Also, the on-coil temperature appeared to rise dramatically at lower wind speed.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2020

본 연구는 학교 외부공간 관리를 위한 방향설정을 위하여 교사들의 인식을 분석하였다. 학교 외부공간의 나무와 꽃의 식재 만족도와 옥외 휴게공간의 만족도가 전체 만족도에 영향을 미치게 된다. 근무년수가 길수록 외부공간의 중요성과 필요성에 대한 인식도 높은 것으로 파악된다. 반면에 학교 외부공간 관리의 문제점으로 인력, 예산, 관심의 부족을 언급하였다. 학교 외부공간은 안전한 놀이공간 확보, 식물교육공간 확보, 수업실습공간 확보, 휴식공간 제공을 위해 관리되어야 한다. 학습 지원하는 장소이자 놀이공간 및 휴식 공간으로서의 역할을 담당해야 하며 이를 위해 벤치, 퍼골라, 야외교실, 생태연못, 텃밭, 화단 등의 시설이 포함되어야 한다. 교과서에 등장하는 식물과 계절감을 느낄 수 있으며, 그늘을 제공하는 식물유형을 식재하며 식물 표찰을 설치하여 식물 정보를 제공하여 학습 효과를 도모할 수 있다. 교사는 외부공간의 관리가 학생들에게 교육적, 정서적 효과가 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다. 학교 공간 혁신에 대응하여 실내 공간과 유기적으로 연계하여 교육적, 정서적 효과를 달성할 수 있도록 외부공간에 대한 지속적 관리가 이루어져야 한다. 이를 위해 예산과 인력의 확보 및 이를 지원할 정책의 뒷받침이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.295-298
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• 2008

The value of space is changing with change of modern society value. In this change, there is consistent subject about 'public'. So, design studies of public space for indoor and outdoor space are being carried out. Also, the concept of total design for space is a essential element and substance plan about space design and marketing is accomplished based on the total design. Now days, multiplex cultural space which have the concept of public and total design is increasing interest. Therefore, a case of multiplex cultural space, a purpose of this paper is elements investigate which design elements in public space of indoor and outdoor how it have been connecting fundamental design elements.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.775-791
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find the adolescents' use and satisfaction toward outdoor space of middle and high schools with excellent facilities in Daejeon area. Six middle and high schools in Daejon area and 423 students, who were attending 'Excellent Facilities Schools', were selected. Questionnaire survey was conducted. Main results were as following: 1) The playground was found to be the most frequently visiting space, and bench and piloti were found to be the second most popular spaces among adolescents. The visiting frequency of outdoor space was higher for the ㅁ-shaped by type of inner court, for the $2^{nd}$ by floor of classroom, for high-schoolers by grade. 2) Respondents were satisfied more when the inner court is ㅁ-shaped than the others, when it is easy to access resulting from low floor classroom, when respondents visited the space frequently and stay longer, and when the outdoor facilities were in good conditions.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2003

"Anmadang" of traditional Korean house is an empty space, surrounded by buildings shaped like the letter, ‘ㅁ’.‘ㅁ’shaped traditional Korean house provides much more comfortable outdoor space for various activities than ‘ㅡ’shaped traditional Korean house. In this paper it has been tried to analyse the dry bulb temperature condition of indoor and outdoor space through measurement of dry bulb temperature in Anmadang, Maru and outdoor space. This paper also analyses the correlation of dry bulb temperature between Anmadang and outdoor space with seasonal variations in traditional Korean houses.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.237-241
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• 2006

The Qualitative improvements of outdoor spaces are unsatisfactory in comparison with that of indoor environment in existing apartments. Lately construction companies are differentiating the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes to meet needs of residents. However, high-rise buildings inherently have limitations on providing exposure to the outdoor settings and inappropriate lightings could have serious impacts on physical and psychological health of residents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide useful information for the luminous environment of outdoor spaces through the analysis of current apartment complexes' lighting plans. Outdoor space of branded apartment complexes in Seoul, built after the year 2003, were researched. Through site visits, illumination level and lighting plans were investigated classified into entry area, passage area, plaza, rest area, exercise area, and play area. With the result, illumination level of apartment complexes researched was lower than KS illumination standard in all areas and the lighting plans were mostly shown in different condition of first intended lighting plan because of insufficiency of maintenance in lighting system. Therefore, it is need to provide better luminous environment to make outdoor space more lively and energetic at the night time.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2004

In this study, we analyzed the state of outdoor-space use and green-environment development for apartment residents, and investigated their ways of thinking on nature orientation and green environment. The results are as follows. 1) The ways of thinking and actual use of outdoor space by apartment residents appear different. 2) Due to the difference of apartment locations and complex environments, the state and reason of green environment construction are different between the residents of high-rise and low-storied apartments. 3) The residents of the low-storied apartments are more satisfied with the green environments of the complex than those of the high-rise apartments. In addition, constructing the green environment in a balcony and outdoor space enhances the satisfaction level of the apartment residents. 4) The residents of the low-storied apartments are passive in nature orientation, while those of the high-rise apartments are active. 5) Depending on the types of nature orientation, the apartment residents are grouped as 'people of nature experience', 'nature appreciators', or 'people of living-thing contact'. These groups show different patterns on the ways of thinking for outdoor space and green environment.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2002

This comparative study between Korean and German housings aims at understanding different structural systems in the indoor and outdoor spaces, depending upon the user′s perception of the socio-cultural attributes. The analysis starts with four alternative contrary assumptions, that appear in morphological forms of dwelling; 1) linear distribution vs. areal distribution of residential districts, 2) mirror system vs. comb system in the layout of plot plans 3) organization of front vs. back outdoor spaces and 4) opening vs. closing in the indoor spaces. A clear difference is found between Korean and German samples in view of public and private relationships between indoor and outdoor spaces as well as the intermediate space. In the korean housing there always exists a symbolic and psychological territory of a certain sphere. On the other hand, outdoor space passes through various phases only to form a certain hierarchy even in a private space and, thereby, sets a boundary between private and public areas. In the case of Germany, the building itself draws a clear line between private and public outdoor spaces, and therefore the outdoor space has a "front" and "back". Thus, Germany′s private space may face a genuine public space and street, which is rare in the Korean housing. Although the layout of indoor space in the korean housing tends to be open, such an openness may be outstanding in living and dining spaces, kitchen and various accesses to rooms. In the case of Germany, such indoor spaces are usually closed to each other. Thus corridors act to separate these spaces. Such differences are analysed to be due to the different perceptions of interpersonal and socio-cultural attributes as intra-family and inter-neighbor relationships or communications.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The analysis of outdoor and indoor spatial composition with natural elements is required for the creation of healing environment in healthcare facility to provide basic data for the planning of hospital architecture. Literature review of healing environment and investigation on characteristics of spatial composition in architectural works and healthcare facilities have been conducted. The spatial composition of outdoor space for refuge and prospect from indoor space of Seoul National University Hospital have been analyzed. The result of this research can be summarized as followed. First of all, the main natural elements for healing environment are consisted with refuge in outdoor space and prospect from indoor space. The second one is that natural elements in Seoul National University Hospital are located in central, posterior, and lateral area of main hospital and connectivity, integration, and ERAM(3) which the characteristics of outdoor spatial composition with space syntax are focused on the museum of medicine and landscape area in the center of hospital. The third one is that the outdoor refuge and prospect from indoor space in Seoul National University Hospital can be replaced with cultural heritage like the site of Kyungmogungji and Changgyeonggung palace in and next to the hospital. In addition to the outdoor and indoor spatial composition, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between elements to develop the healing environment of hospital architecture.