• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to examine the fitness of a path model based on the objectification theory and to expand it by including the new variables to explain eating disorder symptomatology (EDS). Methods: The subjects consisted of 444 college women. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires that measured self-objectification (SO), social physique anxiety (SPA) and EDS as the original variables in the objectification theory, and influence of mass media (IMM) and sex-role attitude (SRA) as the new variables. Data was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 and Amos 5.0 programs. Results: IMM and SRA showed direct effect on SO. IMM had direct and indirect effect on SPA and EDS. SRA had direct and indirect effect on EDS, but only indirect effect on SPA. SO and SPA influenced EDS directly, and SO influenced indirectly EDS. Conclusion: Path analyses indicated support for the original theory and the expanded theory. It is necessary for repeated studies including various age groups of women to clarify the applicability of the objectification theory to Korean women's eating disorders. And it were recommended that we should promote womens' criticism of the image and message about the perfect female body presented in the mass media, and to highlight the relationship of gender equality to women's eating disorders in health education.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.230-253
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• 2022

Based on Goffman's dramaturgical theory and self-objectification framework, this study examined: 1) Chinese female's WeChat self-presentation, 2) the impact of WeChat usage on female self-objectification, and 3) the impact of self-objectification on WeChat self-presentation tactics. An online survey was conducted. The main findings include: 1) most of the participants chose to beautify their pictures and videos before they posted them, 2) the respondents attached higher importance to appearance-based body attributes than competence-based ones, 3) the most frequently applied self-presentation tactic was ingratiation, 4) WeChat usage was not a predictor of Chinese women's self-objectification, and, 5) along with extroversion, self-objectification had an impact on ingratiation, supplication, self-promotion, and exemplification. Meanwhile, use of the electronic curtain and audience sifting to control who can see a post and for how long demonstrated the empowerment of the users when they conduct self-presentation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.469-480
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• 2020

The study investigated the effects of SNS usage on 20s and 30s female SNS users' internalization of thin body, body surveillance, appearance upper comparison, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders based on objectification theory and social comparison theory. The study examined differences on SNS usage and body image variables between high and low groups of SNS envy and self-compassion. Social Network Service (SNS) is used as a contemporary marketing tool for brands and companies. It also influences the body image of female SNS users. The survey used an online survey company for female SNS users in their 20s and 30s to analyze the effect of SNS usage. The results showed that SNS usage significantly impacted the internalization of a thin body, body surveillance and appearance upper comparison. The internalization of thin body also had a significant impact on body surveillance and appearance upper comparison. Appearance upper comparison positively affected body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Finally, the group with higher SNS envy showed higher SNS usage, internalization of thin body, body surveillance, appearance upper comparison, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The group with higher self-compassion showed opposite results. This study provided a theoretical expansion for a SNS and female body image study with objectification theory and social comparison theory. It also suggests positive SNS marketing strategies use for brands. Lastly, this study emphasized the importance of the proper use of SNS to protect the body image of SNS users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.858-871
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• 2017

The present study purported to understand the relationships between SNS appearance-related photo activity, body image and self-esteem among young women. Objectification Theory and Social Comparison Theory explain the process how young women's SNS appearance-related photo activity influence their body satisfaction through a perceived media pressure, objectification of their own bodies and appearance comparison. These process ultimately affect the self-esteem of young female users. A research model was proposed and related hypothesis were examined. We collected an online questionnaire from 400 female participants in their 20's. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested that the proposed research model provided a good fit to the data and supported most hypothesis. The results indicated that the level of SNS appearance-related photo activity significantly influences young female user's body satisfaction and self-esteem. The findings of this study were consistent with previous literature on media and body image. Limitations and future research suggestions were also described.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.359-370
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• 2020

This study tested the roles of public self-consciousness, body surveillance, body shame, and body dissatisfaction based on culture cultivation theory and self-objectification theory with the aim of revealing the psychological mechanisms underlying the influence of media exposure on diet intention. As a result of conducting a survey on 350 women in their twenties and performing structural equation modeling, this study found that media exposure causes public self-consciousness, which increases body surveillance and body shame, thereby increasing body dissatisfaction and thus increasing diet intention. In addition, public self-consciousness indirectly influenced body shame through body surveillance. Body surveillance was found to have an indirect effect on diet intention through body dissatisfaction, whereas body shame had a direct effect on diet intention. Based on the results, we presented theoretical and practical implications of this study and suggestions for future research.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.309-312
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• 1997

Meridian collteral and meridian points have been he base of acupunurre therapy. Also the theory have composed the main portion of oriental medicine. But the mechanism and scientific backgroud has not been completely eastablished, and the research on the objectification of diagonosis of meridian collateral and meridian points, and acupuncture therapy has been necessary nowday. A new understanding of value of oriental medicine has been increasing, the scientific understanding of meridian collateral and meridian points should have been examined. In this paper, we observed meridian point on the morphology for objectification and meridian visulalization we try to meridian point to use methylene blue and optical equipment of high power magnifications. The result of this study suggest that we can observe ruggedness part on body surface to be estimated meridian point. It is observed to have similarity each time of different meridian points. Also, we can observe part alteration of meridian points each time which observed to use method of electronic resistance of unsimilarity on the morphology.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Due to multidisciplinary characteristic of the Interior Design field, it has developed into complex interdisciplinary field. Therefore Interior Design field has grown and established its major trends dependent upon other related field of study. With this perspective in mind, esthetics on Interior Design has to be treated in similar manner. In modem architects or artists have defined the terminology 'object' theoretical principle where by unable to distinguish between 'object's type' and 'objects', Presently, the term 'object' became a trend word. In order to confront misconception of the idea of 'Objectification', some people definition as reflection of this complex society. In this paper, it will establish a solid groundwork for a discussion on Objectification. The initial approach will deal with Le Corbusier and esthetics, which is the center of argument. By reviewing theoretical background of the related modern art, the paper discusses about the relationship between Le Corbusier and esthetics. Subsequently, the discussion about the criterions necessary to define object is provided. This paper only suggests a methodology of analyzing a trend in Interior Design. The condition to define Objectification in Interior Design, which is a result of the reviewing process on esthetics, can be concluded as 'modeling form(transformation of morphological meaning with change wrought by causing a visual reaction)', 'mixtures and modification of materials(transformation and spontaneity through mixing materials)' and 'elements greatly influence space' of the Interior Design.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2019

Do animals have a mind? Our understanding about whether animals have minds depends on our relationship with animals, as we cannot determine animals' actual minds. These two studies presented here thus examined the meat paradox, that is, an inconsistency between love for animals and the act of enjoying eating meat in the context of mind perception. Study 1 examined whether mind perceptions toward various animals are classified on the basis of experience-related capacities, such as feeling pain, and agency-related capacities, such as having self-control. In Study 2, mind perceptions toward cows and sexually objectified women were classified on the basis of food condition and non-food condition. In the food condition (experimental condition), cows were portrayed as products for meat consumption, whereas in the control condition, they were described as animals living on a farm, eating grass. The results of Study 2 demonstrated revealed that mind perception was positively associated with how morally incorrect it was to eat animals. Study 2 thus demonstrated that the scores of mind perception toward cows and sexually objectified women in the experimental condition were significantly lower than those in the control condition. These reduced mind attribution in the experimental condition implied that people may be motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance between their attitudes toward animals, such as loving them, and their behaviors, such as, eating meat. In addition, these results suggest that objectification toward animals may impact the objectification and mind perception toward human beings as well. These findings highlight the role of dissonance reduction in the meat paradox and objectification theory so as to understand basic psychological processes involved while making moral choices in everyday life.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.8
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• pp.1-26
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• 2004

The current consitutional law 29-1 is ordaining the State Tort Liability for the illegal action of public service personnel. Based on this regulation, the State Tort Liability Act 2-1 actualizes by indicating, the nation or the local self-governing community is responsible for the public service personnels damaging others during their office hours whether it is accidental or intentional. However, the same law is considered to be inappropriate for the damage relief. In order to supplement this problem, through examinations at both theoretical and systematic levels of Prima facie as well as the objectification and standardization of the damages are required for the national compensation for the police action. According to the objectification and standardization of the damage theory, the faulty actions of the public service personnel are the defects occurred during the office hours. In the case of the police action that frequently uses infringement administration, invading the liberty and rights of the people, it is necessary to interpret faulty damages during the office duties more comprehensively so as to extend its scope of the ordinary public service personnel accidental illegality. In order to warrant effectiveness of the securing the rights, it is crucial to distinguish whether the faulty actions are accidental or intentional. When proven to be damages by illegal police action, the police personnel is responsible for the faults, called Prima facie, the nation is liable for the damage relief.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.255-259
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• 1997

The essence of meridian collateral and acupoints is an overall physiologic unction with the level of multiple unctional states. However it is a pity that until present, so in this paper described about some experimental results of physical reactions of meridian and acupoints. In order to verify meridian pathway and channel theory of energy in body. It is suppose that substance of meridian is pathway channel of the meridian materials. In basic examination, It was analyzed spectrum of reflection waves after beat or continuos vibrate to meridian point and non-meridian point meridian line and non-meridian line. The characteristics of reflection waves similar to flow channel in hydrodynamic. So it be able to suggest that the meridian is pathway and channel in body.