• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1997

The rapid and spontaneous interaction between superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide to yield the potent oxidants. peroxynitrite artion and peroxynitrous acid, was investigated in phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophases by means of lucigenin- or luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method. When RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by PMA. peroxynitrite-induced chemiluminescence was clearly observed. To prove observed chemiluminescencc due to the reaction between superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide produced by RAW264.7 macrophases, N-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide-releasing compound. superoxide dismutase(SOD), an enzyme removing superoxide anion radical by dismutating superoxide artion radical to hydrogen peroxide, and N-acethyl cysteine(NAC), a scarvenging reagent both superoxide artion radical and nitric oxide, were added in the cell system. Peroxynitrite- induced chemilumincscence was increased by exogenous addition of GSNO. whereas observed chemiluminescence was decreased by SOD and NAC. These results suggest that PMA-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages produce both superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2010

Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) has been used as herbal medicine or health supplement in both Western and Eastern countries for centuries. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methylene chloride fraction of V. officinalis (VMC). To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of VMC, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma (IFN-$\gamma$) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. VMC suppressed nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression dose-dependently without notable cytotoxicity. In various radical scavenging assays, VMC exhibited strong scavenging effect on DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical. VMC also showed potent reducing power. These findings strongly suggest that VMC may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2013

Screenings of potential antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE Major. fruits extracted 80% methanol were performed using four antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed both in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in the extract were measured to be $224.4{\pm}0.52$ mg GAE/100 g and $12{\pm}0.25$ mg QE/100 g, respectively. When the tested concentration was $500{\mu}g/mL$, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of methanolic extracts were 84.15% and 88.8%, respectively. The reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging activity were increased at the manner of dose-dependently. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. fruits possess excellent radical scavenging activities and may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

해방풍이 가지는 건강 기능성 소재로서의 가치를 확인하고자, 해방풍 부위별 용매추출물의 항산화 활성 및 면역조절 효과를 조사하였다. 해방풍 부위별 용매추출물의 추출 수율은 10.73-30.57이며, 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 해방풍 잎 70% 에탄올 추출물(EL)에서 각각 10.79 g/100 g 및 2.01 g/100 g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 및 ABTS radical 소거활성은 해방풍 잎 70% 에탄올 추출물(EL)이 $100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 12.90-84.70% 및 11.78-57.64%로 가장 우수한 radical 소거활성을 나타내었으며, superoxide radical 소거활성 및 FRAP 활성은 해방풍 잎 70% 에탄올 추출물(EL)이 $100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 각각 49.91-84.05% 및 $255.38-975.28{\mu}M$로 가장 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포에 해방풍 부위별 용매추출물을 처리하였을 때 nitric oxide 생성 억제능을 확인하기 위해 분석한 결과, 추출용매에 따른 nitric oxide 생성량은 70% 에탄올 및 70% 메탄올 추출물에서 가장 낮은 생성량을 보였으며, 해방풍 부위별에 따른 nitric oxide 생성량은 뿌리, 잎 및 씨앗 순으로 낮았다. 그 중에서 해방풍 뿌리 70% 에탄올 추출물(ER)에서 가장 낮은 nitric oxide 생성량을 보여 우수한 nitric oxide 억제 효과를 확인하였으며, 이를 이용하여 기능성 소재, 미용식품 및 화장품 제조용 원료 등 다양하게 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Vitex rotundifolia (V. rotundifolia) has been used for treating headache, dizziness, toothache and removal of fever as a traditional medicine in Korea. In the present study, we examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 85% methanol extract of V. rotundifolia. In various radical scavenging assays, V. rotundifolia exhibited strong scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of V. rotundifolia, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. V. rotundifolia suppressed nitric oxide production, iNOS and COX-2 expression dose-dependently through suppression of NF-$\hat{e}B$ activation without notable cytotoxicity. These findings mean that V. rotundifolia may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2010

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of Spirodela polyrrhiza (Lemnaceae), a widely used traditional medicinal plant were investigated. In macrophages nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation. 85% MeOH extracts of S. polyrrhiza (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/mL) suppressed nitric oxide production in interferone-$\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$) and lipopoloysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated macrophages. It also attenuated the expression of inflammatory enzymes like inducible NOS (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) as assessed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Moreover, the values obtained with DPPH radical, superoxide anion and NO radical scavenging assay showed that S. polyrrhiza has potent antioxidant properties as a natural ROS scavenger. The results of the present study suggest the potential use of S. polyrrhiza in the treatment of ROS-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2004

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effect of Whallak-tang against Nitric Oxide, the scavenging effect of Whallak-tang on DPPH radical. Methods : Both nitric concentration 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after treatment with Vit. C and Whallak-tang at 0.1, 1, 10 mg/ml and scavenging effect 10, 20, 30 and 60 minute after treatment with Vit. C and Whallak-tang at 0.1, 1, 10 mg/ml were estimated. Results : The inhibitory effect of Whallak-tang against Nitric Oxide was dose-dependent. The scavenging effect of Whallak-tang on DPPH radical was dose-dependent. Conclusion : These results would provide important basic data on the possibility of the clinical treatment of Whallak-tang in musculoskeletal disease.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.303-308
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• 1995

Nitric oxide, a physiological transmitter, is reported to mediate cellular injury in various tissues. Its reactivity to free radical is believed to be one of the reasons for its involvement in cytotoxicity. Menadione, a representative quinone, is cytotoxic to several cell systems including isolated hepatocyte, endothelial cell and red blood cells. Its toxic mechanism is related to oxidative stress, mediated by toxic free radicals. Our previous studies demonstrated that menadione induced cell lysis and increase of oxygen consumption in platelets. It has been reported that platelets have nitric oxide producing enzyme, nitric oxide synthase. Thus, we have investigated to manifest the role of nitric oxide.in menadione-induced cytotoxicity in rat platelets. Menadione induced cytotoxicity in platelets was unaffected by $N^G$-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), selective and competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. We also invesitgated the role of extracellular nitric oxide in menadione-induced cytotoxicity of platelets by addition with sodium nitroprusside (SNP). SNP did not affect platelet cytotoxicity by menadione. These results suggested that nitric oxide which was generated endogeneously or exogeneously might have a negligible role in menadione-induced cytotoxicity in rat platelets.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.356-367
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• 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dusokohwaeum (DOE). Methods: To measure the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents and radical scavenging activity were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, and cytokine production were measured by treating lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells with DOE, and gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines were evaluated. Results: Radical scavenging experiments revealed a significant concentration-dependent increase in scavenging capacity. The production of ROS, nitric oxide, and cytokines in the cells showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. The gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines also showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE were 23.42 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g and 20.83 ± 0.98 mg QE/g, respectively. The administration of DOE resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in scavenging ability in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability experiments. The production of intracellular ROS and nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. The production of inflammatory cytokines (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. Finally, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the presence of DOE.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2013

민들레의 부위별 항산화활성을 검토하기 위하여 지상부 및 지하부의 물, 50, 70, 100% 에탄올 용액과 열수추출조건을 이용하여 얻은 추출물의 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 분석하였다. 민들레 지상부 및 지하부 열수추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 가장 우수한 것으로 분석되었으며, 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거력은 열수추출물 > 70% 에탄올 추출물 > 50% 에탄올 추출물 > 100% 에탄올 추출물 > 물 추출물 순으로 나타났다. 추출물의 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성을 검토한 결과 지상부 및 지하부의 추출물중 열수추출물이 가장 높은 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 나타낸 반면 물추출물은 가장 낮은 소거능을 나타내어 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 분석한 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 항산화활성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 열수추출물을 이용하여 극성별 유기용매(클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올)을 이용한 분획물을 얻어 이들의 항산화활성을 검토하였다. ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성, 총 페놀성화합물의 함량을 분석한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항산화 활성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 제외한 클로로포름, 부탄올, 물 분획물의 경우 지상부 분획물이 지하부보다 라디칼 소거능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 각 분획물들이 RAW 264.7 대식세포주에서 LPS 처리에 의한 nitric oxide 생성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 지상부 및 지하부의 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 LPS 처리에 의해 증가한 nitric oxide의 생성을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, 지상부 에틸아세테이트 분획물 $20{\mu}g/mL$ 처리시 LPS 처리에 의해 증가된 NO 생성을 약 50% 저해하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 효과는 지하부 에틸아세테이트 분획물보다 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 민들레 부위별 다양한 추출조건에서 획득한 추출물들의 총 항산화활성을 비교분석하여 제시함으로써 소재개발을 위한 추출조건을 설정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 또한 각 분획물들의 총 항산화활성 및 RAW 264.7 대식세포주를 이용하여 LPS 처리에 의해 증가된 nitric oxide의 생성억제능을 비교분석하여 제시함으로써 기능성 소재개발에 있어서 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.