• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1193-1203
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• 2019

We investigated the protective effects of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) from Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced apoptosis in Vero cells. BDB exhibited scavenging activity for DPPH, hydroxyl, and alkyl radicals. BDB also inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced lipid peroxidation, cell death, and apoptosis in Vero cells by inhibiting the production of ROS. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition, the expression of Bax/Bcl-xL and $NF-{\kappa}B$ was assessed by western blot assay. BDB significantly suppressed the cleavage of caspase-9 and PARP and reduced Bax levels in $H_2O_2$-induced Vero cells. Besides, BDB suppressed the phosphorylation of $NF-{\kappa}$B and the translocation of p65 in $H_2O_2$-induced cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of BDB on ROS production, cell death, and lipid peroxidation in an $H_2O_2$-stimulated zebrafish embryo model. Taken together, these results indicated that ROS generation and cell death were significantly inhibited by BDB in zebrafish embryos, thereby proving that BDB exerts excellent antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2021

Eisenia bicyclis is known to have secondary metabolites exhibiting various biological activities. In a preliminary study, the n-hexane fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. bicyclis showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol fractions based on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Using this fraction (E. bicyclis hexane fraction, EHF), we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with up to 50 ㎍/mL EHF significantly inhibited NO and prostaglandin E₂ production as well as their responsible enzyme proteins and mRNAs, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Similarly, EHF markedly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as their mRNA levels. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was strongly suppressed by EHF treatment. EHF significantly reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt in LPS-stimulated cells. Moreover, EHF reduced ear edema in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced mice. These results indicate that EHF contains potent anti-inflammatory compounds, which may be used as a dietary supplement for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2022

Inflammaging in male reproductive organs covers a wide variety of problems, including sexual dysfunction and infertility. In this study, the beneficial effects of cordycepin (COR), isolated from potential medicinal fungi Cordyceps militaris, in aging-associated testicular inflammation and serum biochemical changes in naturally aged rats were investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into young control (YC), aged control (AC), and COR (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) treated aged rat groups. Aging-associated serum biochemical changes and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by biochemical assay kits, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) alteration in the total blood cell count, lipid metabolism, and liver functional parameters in AC group when compared with YC group. However, COR-treated aged rats ameliorated the altered biochemical parameters significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively). Furthermore, the increase in the expression of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tissue necrosis factor-alpha) in aged rat testis was significant (p < 0.05) when compared with YC group. Treatment with COR at 20 mg/kg to aged rats attenuated the increased expression of inflammatory mediators significantly (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed that the potential attenuating effects exhibited by COR in aged rats was mediated by regulation of NF-κB activation and MAPKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38) signaling. In conclusion, COR restored the altered serum biochemical parameters in aged rats and ameliorated the aging-associated testicular inflammation proving the therapeutic benefits of COR targeting inflammaging-associated male sexual dysfunctions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

The development process of a L-Band microwave radiometer for remote sensing of soil-moisture are described in this paper. Achieving the development aim of the measurement accuracy within 2% for soil moisture content of 0~50%, the requirements and specifications of the microwave radiometer and its receiver are drawn. The receiver with high gain, high sensitivity is designed and implemented to satisfy these requirements and specifications. The receiver has the bandwidth of 40 MHz, the system gain of 50 dB and the sensitivity of average value 0.19 K, maximum value 0.313K at 1390 MHz.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.779-787
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• 2017

Let m be the Lebesgue measure on ${\mathbb{C}}$ normalized to $m(D)=1,{\mu}$ be an invariant measure on D defined by $d_{\mu}(z)=(1-{\mid}z{\mid}^2)^{-2}dm(z)$. For $f{\in}L^1(D^n,m{\times}{\cdots}{\times}m)$, Bf the Berezin transform of f is defined by, $$(Bf)(z_1,{\ldots},z_n)={\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_D}{\cdots}{\int\nolimits_D}}f({\varphi}_{z_1}(x_1),{\ldots},{\varphi}_{z_n}(x_n))dm(x_1){\cdots}dm(x_n)$$. We prove that if $f{\in}L^1(D^2,{\mu}{\times}{\mu})$ is radial and satisfies ${\int}{\int_{D^2}}fd{\mu}{\times}d{\mu}=0$, then for every bounded radial function ${\ell}$ on $D^2$ we have $$\lim_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\int\nolimits_{D^2}}}(B^nf)(z,w){\ell}(z,w)d{\mu}(z)d{\mu}(w)=0$$. Then, using the above property we prove n-harmonicity of bounded function which is invariant under the Berezin transform. And we show the same results for the weighted the Berezin transform in the polydisc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6B
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• pp.568-574
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• 2009

320km optical transmission link for 128 channel DWDM (dense wavelength-division-multiplexing) signals is simulated and fabricated. An optical fiber amplifier for the link is composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and dual C/L-band EDFAs which are optimized for the performances of an optical amplifier obtained from the simulation. Gain and NF of the optimized EDFAs are above 19dB and below 7.5dB, respectively. The resultant OSNRs (optical signal to noise ratios) of the link are average 25dB on each band.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of sulfite on the chloroplast development, etiolated barley seedlings were treated with 100 mM sulfite solution every 3 hour by spraying during 96 hours greening Period. The effects were determined by chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids contents, photosynthetic electron transport activity, chlorophyll fluorescence yield and fluorescence quenching parameters. The contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were decreased than that of control by treatment of salfite over 48 hours greening. PS II Is more sensitive to sulfite than PS I Is. And by the addition of DPC to the chloroplasts of the barley seedling treated with sulfite, the photoreduction of DCPIP was not recovered. In greening with suite treated barley leaves, Fo, Fv and Nlh ratio were decreased with little difference from that of control. But qP, qNP and qR were lowed in comparison with those of controls whereas qE was markedly higher than that of control. Especially, It is Interesting that qR was decreased markedly compared to that of control. The results in the change of PS I activity, Nf and qP suggest that the strate of Inhibition by suite Is carbon dioxide reduction cycle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the supernatant of lactic acid bacteria (SL) was recently reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are widely used for studying AD-like responses. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SL from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes, and then we investigated the strains' probiotic properties. SL was noncytotoxic and regulated chemokines (macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)) and cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-25, and IL-33) in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. SL from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4644, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4693, and Lactococcus lactis MG5474 decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, the safety of the three strains was demonstrated via hemolysis, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and toxicity tests, and the stability was confirmed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, L. rhamnosus MG4644, L. paracasei MG4693, and Lc. lactis MG5474 have potential applications in functional food as they are stable and safe for intestinal epithelial cells and could improve atopic inflammation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.898-904
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• 2021

Locusta migratoria is a widespread locust species in many parts of the world and is considered an alternative source for the production of protein for value-added ingredients. We previously identified putative antimicrobial peptides derived from L. migratoria through an in silico analysis of its transcriptome. However, its anti-inflammatory effect has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of the antimicrobial peptide locustacin (KTHILSFFPSFLPLFLKK-NH₂) derived from L. migratoria on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Locustacin (50, 100, and 200 ㎍/ml) significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated macrophages without any cytotoxicity. Locustacin also inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, in contrast to the presence of LPS alone. Locustacin decreased the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and their gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, locustacin (100 and/or 200 ㎍/ml) inhibited phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Locustacin also suppressed the degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha, which was considered to be an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Collectively, these results demonstrate that locustacin can exert anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, activation of NF-κB, and downstream inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

Food waste compost with high salt content produced by aerobic digestion, but concerns about application of cropland. To address this issue, food waste is being composted by mixing it with livestock manure, which has a lower salt content. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth characteristics of red pepper and soil chemical properties for continuous application with different amounts of food waste compost with manure (FWC). Treatments were consisted of no fertilizer (NF), inorganic fertilizer (N-N-P₂O₅-K₂O, 19.0-11.2-14.9 kg 10a^-1), and inorganic fertilizer + food waste compost with manure (NPKFWC). FWC treatment was applied at three treatment rates based on soil organic matter content: 900 kg 10a^-1, 1,800 kg 10a^-1, and 2,700 kg 10a^-1 ( referred to a s FWC 1, 2, 3 , respectively). As a r esult of the red pepper yield was about 1.8 times higher in NPKFWC 1 and NPKFWC 2 than that in the NF, but decreased in the NPKFWC 3, 300% of the recommended FWC application rate. Yield decreased in all FWC treatments with continuous application for three year and also decreased about 40% from 3,265 kg 10a^-1 in the first year to 1,948 kg 10a^-1 in the third year. For the soil chemical properties, the content of soil organic matter, available P₂O₅, and exchangeable cations increased in the FWC treatments, and were higher than the NF. Exchangeable sodium in all treatments was increased slightly compared to the soil before used, and no significant salinization was observed in the FWC. This study confirmed that excessive use of FWC not only reduced nutrient use efficiency, but also decreased the red pepper yield. Therefore, it is concluded that optimum usage of FWC is effective for agroecological impacts.