Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Konkuk University in the year 2021.
References
- Frungieri MB, Calandra RS, Bartke A, et al. Ageing and inflammation in the male reproductive tract. Andrologia. 2018;50(11):e13034. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13034
- Xia S, Zhang X, Zheng S, et al. An update on inflamm-aging: mechanisms, prevention, and treatment. J Immunol Res. 2016; 2016: 8426874-8426812.
- Corona G, Rastrelli G, Maseroli E, et al. Sexual function of the ageing male. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;27(4):581-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2013.05.007
- Costa C, Albersen M. Erectile dysfunction in inflammaging. In: Bagchi BR, editor. Inflammation, advancing age and nutrition. The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2014. p. 287-295.
- Krause W. Male accessory gland infection. Andrologia. 2008;40(2):113-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00822.x
- Rusz A, Pilatz A, Wagenlehner F, et al. Influence of urogenital infections and inflammation on semen quality and male fertility. World J Urol. 2012;30(1):23-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-011-0726-8
- Jiang H, Zhu W-J, Li J, et al. Quantitative histological analysis and ultrastructure of the aging human testis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(5):879-885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-013-0610-0
- Sibert L, Lacarriere E, Safsaf A, et al. Aging of the human testis. Presse Med. 2014;43(2):171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2013.12.003
- Azenabor A, Ekun AO, Akinloye O. Impact of inflammation on male reproductive tract. J Reprod Infertil. 2015;16:123-129.
- Koppula S, Akther M, Haque ME, et al. Potential nutrients from natural and synthetic sources targeting inflammaging-a review of literature, clinical data and patents. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114058
- Radhi M, Ashraf S, Lawrence S, et al. A systematic review of the biological effects of cordycepin. Molecules. 2021;26(19):5886. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195886
- Olatunji OJ, Tang J, Tola A, et al. The genus Cordyceps: an extensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Fitoterapia. 2018;129:293-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.010
- Lee C-T, Huang K-S, Shaw J-F, et al. Trends in the immunomodulatory effects of Cordyceps militaris: total extracts, polysaccharides and cordycepin. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:575704. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.575704
- Wang Z, Chen Z, Jiang Z, et al. Cordycepin prevents radiation ulcer by inhibiting cell senescence via NRF2 and AMPK in rodents. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2538. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10386-8
- Xu J-C, Zhou X-P, Wang X-A, et al. Cordycepin induces apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest through the ERK pathways in esophageal cancer Cells. J Cancer. 2019;10(11):2415-2424. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.32071
- Jin Y-T, Qi Y-Q, Jin M, et al. Synthesis, antitumor and antibacterial activities of cordycepin derivatives. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2021;1-11.
- Govindula A, Pai A, Baghel S, et al. Molecular mechanisms of cordycepin emphasizing its potential against neuroinflammation: an update. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;908:174364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174364
- Choi YH, Kim G-Y, Lee HH. Anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through toll-like receptor 4-mediated suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB signaling pathways. Drug Des Dev Ther. 2014;8:1941. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S71957
- Shin S, Lee S, Kwon J, et al. Cordycepin suppresses expression of diabetes regulating genes by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages. Immune Netw. 2009;9(3):98-105. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2009.9.3.98
- Jo WS, Choi YJ, Kim HJ, et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from Cordyceps militaris in murine macrophage. Mycobiology. 2010;38(1):46-51. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2010.38.1.046
- Verma AK. Cordycepin: a bioactive metabolite of Cordyceps militaris and polyadenylation inhibitor with therapeutic potential against COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020;1-8. DOI:10.1080/07391102.2020.1850352
- Verma AK, Aggarwal R. Repurposing potential of FDA-approved and investigational drugs for COVID-19 targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike and main protease and validation by machine learning algorithm. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2021;97(4):836-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13812
- Chen Y-C, Chen Y-H, Pan B-S, et al. Functional study of Cordyceps sinensis and cordycepin in male reproduction: a review. J Food Drug Anal. 2017;25(1):197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.020
- Chang Y, Jeng K-C, Huang K-F, et al. Effect of Cordyceps militaris supplementation on sperm production, sperm motility and hormones in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Chin Med. 2008;36(5):849-859. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X08006296
- Ramesh T, Yoo S-K, Kim S-W, et al. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) attenuates age-related oxidative stress and ameliorates antioxidant capacity in rats. Exp Gerontol. 2012;47(12):979-987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2012.09.003
- Kopalli SR, Cha K-M, Lee S-H, et al. Cordycepin, an active constituent of nutrient powerhouse and potential medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris linn., ameliorates age-related testicular dysfunction in rats. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):906. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040906
- Kopalli SR, Cha K-M, Ryu J-H, et al. Korean red ginseng improves testicular ineffectiveness in aging rats by modulating spermatogenesis-related molecules. Exp Gerontol. 2017;90:26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.020
- Won Y-J, Kim B, Shin Y-K, et al. Pectinase-treated panax ginseng extract (GINST) rescues testicular dysfunction in aged rats via redox-modulating proteins. Exp Gerontol. 2014;53:57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.012
- Berdasco M, Esteller M. Hot topics in epigenetic mechanisms of aging: 2011. Aging Cell. 2012;11(2):181-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00806.x
- Baker DJ, Wijshake T, Tchkonia T, et al. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders. Nature. 2011;479(7372):232-236. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10600
- Chung E. Sexuality in ageing male: review of pathophysiology and treatment strategies for various male sexual dysfunctions. Med Sci. 2019;7:98.
- Corona G, Rastrelli G, Maggi M. Diagnosis and treatment of late-onset hypogonadism: systematic review and meta-analysis of TRT outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;27(4):557-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2013.05.002
- Sengupta P. The laboratory rat: relating its age with humans. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(6):624-630.
- Takahashi S, Tamai M, Nakajima S, et al. Blockade of adipocyte differentiation by cordycepin. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;167(3):561-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02005.x
- Kubota K, Shirakura T, Orui T, et al. Changes in the blood cell counts with aging. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1991;28(4):509-514. https://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.28.509
- Valiathan R, Ashman M, Asthana D. Effects of ageing on the immune system: Infants to elderly. Scand J Immunol. 2016;83(4):255-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12413
- Kounis NG, Soufras GD, Tsigkas G, et al. White blood cell counts, leukocyte ratios, and eosinophils as inflammatory markers in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2015;21(2):139-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029614531449
- Mardi D, Fwity B, Lobmann R, et al. Mean cell volume of neutrophils and monocytes compared with C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and white blood cell count for prediction of sepsis and nonsystemic bacterial infections. Int J Lab Hematol. 2010;32:410-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2009.01202.x
- Fulop T, Larbi A, Dupuis G, et al. Immunosenescence and inflamm-aging as two sides of the same coin: friends or foes? Front Immunol. 2018;8:1960. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01960
- Mehta JL, Saldeen TG, Rand K. Interactive role of infection, inflammation and traditional risk factors in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31(6):1217-1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00093-X
- Alexander RW. Inflammation and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(7):468-469. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199408183310709
- Mahady SE, Wong G, Turner RM, et al. Elevated liver enzymes and mortality in older individuals: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;51(5):439-445. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000622
- Kim IH, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. Aging and liver disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015;31(3):184-191. https://doi.org/10.1097/mog.0000000000000176
- Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Morsiani C, et al. The continuum of aging and age-related diseases: common mechanisms but different rates. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018;5:61.
- Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, et al. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(10):576-590. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4
- Fulop T, Witkowski JM, Pawelec G, et al. On the immunological theory of aging. Interdiscip Top Gerontol. 2014;39:163-176. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358904
- Fuente M, Miquel J. An update of the oxidation-inflammation theory of aging: the involvement of the immune system in oxi-inflamm-aging. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(26):3003-3026. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058110
- Matzkin ME, Mayerhofer A, Rossi SP, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 in testes of infertile men: evidence for the induction of prostaglandin synthesis by interleukin-1β. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):1933-1936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.039
- Syntin P, Chen H, Zirkin BR, et al. Gene expression in brown Norway rat leydig cells: effects of age and of age-related germ cell loss. Endocrinology. 2001;142(12):5277-5285. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.142.12.5277
- Hales DB. Regulation of leydig cell function as it pertains to the inflammatory response. In Payne AH, Hardy MPH, editors. The Leydig cell in health and disease. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2007. p. 117-131.
- Wang Y, Yang Z, Yang L, et al. Liuweidihuang pill alleviates inflammation of the testis via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in aging rats. Evid Based Complem Altern Med. 2020;2020:1-9.
- Wang Z, Chen L, Qiu Z, et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates testicular senescence changes in D-gal-induced aging mice via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(5):6269-6276.
- Agarwal A. NF-κB in male reproduction: a boon or a bane? TORSJ. 2011;3(1):85-91. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601103010085
- Zhao X, Bian Y, Sun Y, et al. Effects of moderate exercise over different phases on age-related physiological dysfunction in testes of SAMP8 mice. Exp Gerontol. 2013;48(9):869-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.063
- Karin M, Ben-Neriah Y. Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:621-663. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621
- Lu L, Wu C, Lu B, et al. BabaoDan cures hepatic encephalopathy by decreasing ammonia levels and alleviating inflammation in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;249:112301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112301
- Chen X, Zhang C, Wang X, et al. Juglanin inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human chondrocytes. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019;47(1):3614-3620. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1657877
- Wang X, Martindale JL, Liu Y, et al. The cellular response to oxidative stress: influences of mitogenactivated protein kinase signalling pathways on cell survival. Biochem J. 1998;333(2):291-300. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3330291
- Xia Z, Dickens M, Raingeaud J. L, et al. Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science. 1995;270(5240):1326-1331. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5240.1326
- Li MWM, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Mitogen-activated protein kinases in male reproductive function. Trends Mol Med. 2009;15(4):159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2009.02.002
- Urriola-Munoz P, Lagos-Cabre R, Moreno RD. A mechanism of male germ cell apoptosis induced by Bisphenol-A and nonylphenol involving ADAM17 and p38 MAPK activation. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113793
- Peretz J, Vrooman L, Ricke WA, et al. Bisphenol a and reproductive health: Update of experimental and human evidence, 2007-2013. Environ Health Perspect. 2014;122(8):775-786. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307728
- Lee YS, Yoon H-J, Oh J-H, et al. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene induces apoptosis in TM4 mouse sertoli cells: Involvement of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathway. Toxicol Lett. 2009;189(2):145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.014
- Liu X, Nie S, Chen Y, et al. Effects of 4-nonylphenol isomers on cell receptors and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse sertoli TM4 cells. Toxicology. 2014;326:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2014.09.009
- Zhen X, Uryu K, Cai G, et al. Age-Associated impairment in brain MAPK signal pathways and the effect of caloric restriction in fischer 344 rats. J Gerontol Ser A: Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54(12):B539-B548. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/54.12.B539
- Kim M, Kim JH, Jeong GJ, et al. Particulate matter induces pro-inflammatory cytokines via phosphorylation of p38 MAPK possibly leading to dermal inflammaging. Exp Dermatol. 2019;28(7):809-815. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13943