• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

Purpose : To offer coupled motion caused by sidebending in the extension postures in lumbar spine in the football, baseball players and general students. Method : Coupled motion were analysed by three dimensional motion analyser in the sitting position during lateral bending. Result : Regardless of the direction of sidebending at L1-L3, L5-S2 in the extension posture of the lumbar spine, the direction of coupled motion in the baseball and football players were opposite to the direction of sidebending but the direction of coupled motion was same at L3-L5. while, the direction of sidebending at L1-L3, L3-L5 in the extension posture of the lumbar spine, the direction of coupled motion in the general students were same to the direction of sidebending but, the direction of coupled motion was opposite direction at L5-S2. Conclusion : we found a difference of coupled motion between athletes and non-athletes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1527-1533
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• 2009

In this paper, we design directional search pattern using motion direction biased characteristics of MVP distribution, and proposes a direction applied cross diamond search method that adaptively change search pattern according to moving direction of search point. Proposed method predict motion vectors from neighbor macro blocks, and define initial motion direction by using predicted motion vectors. It improve search efficiency by using alternately proposed search pattern according to motion direction of BMP in search process. The simulation results show that proposed method is able to fast motion estimation compared with conventional cross diamond search, according as it reduce computational complexity that is required of motion estimation with $0.43%{\sim}1.76%$.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.880-887
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• 2015

In this paper, frame rate up conversion (FRUC) algorithm considering the direction and magnitude of identical motion vectors is proposed. extended bilateral motion estimation (EBME) has higher complexity than bilateral motion estimation (BME). By using average magnitude of motion vector with x and y direction respectively, dynamic frame and static frame are decided. We reduce complexity to decide EBME. also, After we compare the direction and magnitude of identical motion vectors, We reduce complexity to decide motion vector smoothing(MVS). Experimental results show that this proposed algorithm has fast computation and better peak singnal to noise ratio(PSNR) results compared with EBME.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2010

Low back pain is a common phenomenon among the golfers. In an attempt to understand low back pain, the kinematic changes and golf swing motion analysis has been performed to focus on lumbar spine in pro. golfers. According to the swing pattern, significant variations of the lumbar joint forces and loads has related with muscles activities so the motion analysis of lumbar spine were discussed. The purpose of this study was to analyze motion of lumbar spine and it was to compare joint force during golf swing in pro. golfers. The swing motion of the subjects was tracked using a 3D motion analysis system by Motion Analysis Ltd. and SIMM software. The angle changes of lumbar spine rapidly in vx direction during the top back swing and the finish and in vy direction during the follow through and in vz direction during the down swing and the impact(Subject A). The angle changes of lumbar spine rapidly in vx direction during the top back swing and in vy direction during the down swing, the impact and the follow through and in vz direction during the down swing(Subject B). In conclusion, subject A and B both show sudden angle changes between 1st-3rd lumbar spine and 4th-5th lumbar spine during the stage from address to top back swing which caused by over upper body twisting.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to investigate stereotypes of motion-direction and real motion-directions for seven principal controls in passenger cars, and to compare the stereotypes and real motion-directions for the controls. The stereotypes were obtained by using questionnaire survey, in which 385 subjects participated. The real motion-direction data were gathered for 64 passenger cars including RVs and SUVs. The results showed that while there are dominant motion-directions for head light, door key and door lock controls, dominant motion-directions are not found for other controls investigated in this study. The stereotypes of motion-directions for seven controls obtained in this study were much different from those of the real data. Furthermore, the stereotypes for wiper, head light and high beam controls based on the questionnaire survey were opposite to the real motion-directions.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.421-424
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an effectiveness of switching turbo direction to improve motion artifacts of small bowels and aorta. From June to October 2015, 60 patients suspected of having Crohn's disease were enrolled. The MR Enterography scans were performed using same protocol other than the turbo direction: with the Z phase encoding (group A) and with Y phase encoding (group B). Qualitative analysis of each group was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of switching turbo direction from Z to Y. As a result, the 5-point Likert scale for paired observers were $2.33{\pm}0.88$ for group A and $3.80{\pm}0.85$ for group B on dynamic contrast enhanced coronal images. In conclusion, group B is proved to be superior to group A and can lessen the motion artifacts derived from phase shifts.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.395-400
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• 2003

A quantitative performance evaluation of a robot teaching method using a force/moment direction sensor is presented. The performance of the teaching method using the force/moment direction sensor is compared with the conventional teaching pendant method. Two types of teaching tasks were designed and the teaching times required to complete the teaching tasks were measured and compared. Task A requires a teaching motion that involves four degrees of freedom motion. Task B requires a teaching motion that involves six degrees of freedom motion. It was found that, by using the force/moment direction sensor method, the teaching times were reduced by 25% for Task A and 45% for Task B compared to the teaching pendant method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.672-676
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• 2004

In this paper, measuring system of 5 DOF motion errors are proposed using two capacitive type sensor, a straight edge and a laser interfoerometer. Yawing error and pitching error are measured using the laser interferometer, and rolling error is measured by the reversal method using a capacitive type sensor. Linear motion errors of horizontal and vertical direction are measured using the sequential two point method. In this case, influence of angular motion errors is compensated using the previously measured angular motion errors. In the horizontal direction, measuring accuracy is within 0.05 $\mu$m and 0.27 arcsec, and in the vertical direction, it is within 0.15 $\mu$m and 0.5 arcsec. From these results, it is confirmed that the proposed measureing system is very effective to the measurement of 5 DOF motion errors in the ultra precision feed tables.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.631-634
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• 1999

In this work, a new algorithm for canceling MRI artifact in the image plane is presented. In the conventional approach, the motions in the X(readout) direction and Y(the phase encoding) direction are estimated simultaneously. However, the feature of each X and Y directional motion is different. First, we notice that the X directional motion corresponds to a shift of the X directional spectrum of the MRI signal, and the non zero area of the spectrum just corresponds to X axis projected area of the density function. So the motion is estimated by tracing the edges of the spectrum, and the X directional motion is canceled by shifting the spectrum in inverse direction. Next, the Y directional motion is canceled using a new constraint, with which the motion component and the true image component can be separated. This algorithm is shown to be effective by simulations.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.217-222
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• 2017

Any object located in the earth's gravitational field experiences a force in the direction of the center of the earth. In order to describe the motion of objects in the field, the solutions to a system of simultaneous vector kinematic equations need to be obtained. In the analysis of freely-falling objects, the reference direction +y is usually defined to be the downward direction. In the analysis of the motion of objects thrown upward, the reference direction +y is usually defined to be the upward direction. In the analysis of the motion of objects thrown downward, the reference direction +y is usually defined to be the downward direction. In this paper, we show that the choice of reference axis in either upward or direction gives the same results by adopting a scalar product of two vectors in solving the vector kinematic equations. It is rare to find other examples of using a scalar product of two vectors in solving vector kinematic equations describing the motion of objects. An application of this study is that we can arbitrarily choose the reference direction for objects moving in a horizontal direction, including projectile motions.