• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2023

Drone based Magnetic Anomaly Detection measure a magnetic anomaly signal from the ferromagnetic target on the ground. We conduct a magnetic anomaly detection with 9 ferromagnetic targets on the ground. By removing the magnetic field measured in the absence of ferromagnetic targets from the experimental value, the magnetic anomaly signal is clearly measured at an altitude of 100 m. We analyze the signal characteristics by the ferromagnetic target through simulation using COMSOL multiphysics. The simulation results are within the GPS error range of the experimental results.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2023

북한은 이미 오래 전부터 지하 공간을 군사적으로 활용하고 있으며, 현재는 비대칭 전력을 운용하기 위한 핵심거점으로 고도화하고 있다. 이에 따라, 특수작전팀은 지하작전 수행을 위한 싸우는 방법, 무기체계, 조직 구조 등이 필요하다. 이에 본고에서는 틸트로터형 드론, 첨단센서, 통신 중계기, 소형로봇 등을 융·복합한 지하작전용 무인체계 플랫폼과 특수작전팀이 이를 운용할 수 있는 체계를 제시하였다. 이를 통해, 특수작전팀은 생존성을 강화할 수 있고, 작전 효용성을 극대화할 수 있을 것이다. 향후, 특수전사령부에서 본고에서 제시한 지하작전 관련 아이디어를 집단지성을 통해 더욱 발전시킨다면 단기간 내에 한반도의 전장 환경에 최적화된 지하작전 교리, 무기체계, 조직·편성 등을 도출할 수 있을 것이다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제13호
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2021

지상작전사령부는 지상작전수행개념인 "결정적 통합작전" 구현을 위해 작전계획 및 작전수행체계 발전을 지속해서 추진하였고 괄목할 만한 성과를 거두었다. 특히 전쟁 초기부터 공격과 방어를 동시에 실시하여 종심지역의 적을 무력화시켜 아군에게 유리한 여건을 조기에 조성하기 위한 "공방동시통합작전"을 중점적으로 발전시켰다. 그러나 기존의 M&S 체계만으로는 종심작전 효과분석이 제한되어 지휘관에게 과학적이고 합리적인 의사결정 지원이 불가하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 전장관리체계에서 사용 가능한 종심작전 효과분석 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 종심작전 수행 구성요소인 감시, 물리적타격, 비물리적타격 효과분석에 관한 선행연구를 하여 각각의 특징 및 제한사항을 고찰하고 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 다음으로 전·평시 지구사에서 생산되는 데이터를 활용하여 구성요소 간 상호작용이 반영된 종심작전 효과분석 방법론을 제시하였고, 전투실험 및 자료수집 등을 통해 분야별 입력데이터를 산출하였다. 최종적으로 종심작전효과예측모델 (DECAM)을 구현하고 지구사 및 군단 전투참모단에 배포하여 연합연습 간 활용하였다. 본 연구를 통해 효과분석 방법론 및 개발된 모델의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었으며 지구사 및 군단의 종심작전 수행능력 발전에 기여할 수 있었다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

정보 통신 및 인공지능 기술의 발전은 우리 군의 지휘통제체계의 지능화를 요구하며, 이를 달성하기 위해 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 특히, 지휘통제 워크플로우에서 활용 가능한 정보의 양이 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라 지휘통제체계 사용자에게 제공되는 정보 중 수행 업무에 가장 핵심적인 정보를 제공할 수 있는 협업 필터링(Collaborative Filtering, CF) 및 추천 시스템(Recommendation System, RS)에 주목한다. 군 지휘통제체계에서 정보의 필터링을 수행하는 RS는 가장 우선 설명 가능한 추천을 수행하여야 하며, 그 다음 지휘관들이 임무를 수행하는 다양한 상황을 고려한 추천이 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지휘통제 워크플로우를 지원하기 위하여 정보를 선택적으로 추천하는 contextual pre-filtering CARS 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안된 프레임워크는 1) 지휘결심자의 상황 및 관계에 기반하여 데이터를 사전에 필터링하는 contextual pre-filtering, 2) CF의 취약한 데이터 희소성 문제를 극복하기 위한 피쳐 선택, 3) 피쳐 간의 디스턴스를 사용자의 유사도 산출에 활용한 CF, 및 4) 사용자의 선호를 반영하기 위한 규칙 기반 포스트 필터링의 4 단계로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구의 우수성을 평가하기 위해서 상용 수준의 실험 데이터셋 2종에 대해 기존 CF 방법의 다양한 디스턴스 방법을 적용하여 비교 실험하였다. 비교 실험 결과 제안된 프레임워크가 3가지 평가지표(MAE, MSE, MSLE) 측면에서 우수함을 나타내었다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2023

지휘통제체계는 지휘, 통제, 통신, 컴퓨터, 정보의 5대 요소를 자동화하여 전장을 효율적으로 관리하는 통합 전장 정보체계로 적의 위치, 상황 및 작전 결과를 수집하고 분석하여 모든 제대가 실시간으로 동일한 상황을 파악하며 지휘 결심과 임무 지시를 최적화하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 현행 지휘통제체계는 각 군별 전장상황 위주 단일 영역에서의 전장가시화를 시켜주는 구조만으로는 신규 무기체계 도입 때 마다 한계가 발생한다. 지상, 해상, 공중 영역뿐만 아니라 사이버 및 우주 영역까지 확대되는 미래 전장에서 다양한 무기체계들의 유기적인 데이터들이 모여 사용자가 원하는 전장상황을 신속하게 가시화한다면 보다 향상된 지휘통제결심이 가능할 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 미래 지휘통제체계의 적용가능한 가시화 기술을 지도 영역, 상황도 영역, 디스플레이 영역으로 나눠 적용방안을 연구하였다. 이러한 미래 지휘통제체계의 기술 구현은 5G 네트워크와 같은 다양한 데이터 및 통신 수단을 기반으로 하여, 고품질의 다양한 정보를 활용하여 현실적이고 효율적인 전장 상황 인식을 가능하게 하는 초연결 전장가시화가 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.27-56
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• 2013

The United Nations Command (UNC) and the communist North failed to reach an agreement on where the maritime demarcation line should be drawn in the process of signing a truce after the Korean War because of the starkly different positions on the boundary of their territorial waters. As a result, the Armistice Treaty was signed on July 1953 without clarification about the maritime border. In the following month, Commander of the UNC unilaterally declared the Northern Limit Line (NLL) as a complementing measure to the Armistice. Referring to this, North Korea and its followers in South Korea wrongfully argue that the NLL is a "ghost line" that was established not based on the international law. However, one should note that the waters south of the NLL has always been under South Korea's jurisdiction since Korea's independence from Japan on August 15, 1945. There is no need to ask North Korea's approval for declaring the territorial waters that had already been under our sovereign jurisdiction. We do not need North Korea's approval just as we do not need Japan's approval with regard to our sovereign right over Dokdo. The legal status of the NLL may be explained with the following three characteristics. First, the NLL is a de facto maritime borderline that defines the territorial waters under the respective jurisdiction of the two divided countries. Second, the NLL in the West Sea also serves as a de facto military demarcation line at sea that can be likened to the border on the ground. Third, as a contacting line where the sea areas controlled by the two Koreas meet, the NLL is a maritime non-aggression line that was established on the legal basis of the 'acquiescence' element stipulated by the Inter-Korea Basic Agreement (article 11) and the Supplement on the Non-aggression principle (article 10). Particularly from the perspective of the domestic law, the NLL should be understood as a boundary defining areas controlled by temporarily divided states (not two different states) because the problem exists between a legitimate central government (South Korea) and an anti-government group (North Korea). In this sense, the NLL problem should be viewed not in terms of territorial preservation or expansion. Rather, it should be understood as a matter of national identity related to territorial sovereignty and national pride. North Korea's continuous efforts to problematize the NLL may be part of its strategy to nullify the Armistice Treaty. In other words, North Korea tries to take away the basis of the NLL by abrogating the Armistice Treaty and creating a condition in which the United Nations Command can be dissolved. By doing so, North Korea may be able to start the process for the peace treaty with the United States and reestablish a maritime line of its interest. So, North Korea's rationale behind making the NLL a disputed line is to deny the effectiveness of the NLL and ask for the establishment of a new legal boundary. Such an effort should be understood as part of a strategy to make the NLL question a political and military dispute (the similar motivation can be found in Japan's effort to make Dokdo a disputed Island). Therefore, the South Korean government should not accommodate such hidden intentions and strategy of North Korea. The NLL has been the de facto maritime border (that defines our territorial waters) and military demarcation line at sea that we have defended with a lot of sacrifice for the last sixty years. This is the line that our government and the military must defend in the future as we have done so far. Our commitment to the defense of the NLL is not only a matter of national policy protecting territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction; it is also our responsibility for those who were fallen while defending the North-Western Islands and the NLL.

• Strategy21
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• 통권34호
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• pp.58-92
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• 2014

Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

군수물자의 적기 조달은 군의 작전능력 유지를 위해서 필수적이며, 계약업무는 적기 조달을 위한 첫 단추라고 할 수 있다. 또한 신속한 계약체결은 수요자의 여유로운 납기설정을 가능케 하며, 예산 집행의 가능성을 높여주기 때문에 예산의 조기집행과 이·불용 방지를 위해서도 계약 프로세스 개선이 필수적이다. 최근 빅데이터를 이용한 연구가 여러 분야에서 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 빅데이터를 이용한 프로세스 분석 및 개선 기법인 프로세스 마이닝 역시 민간에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 하지만 군 내 계약업무에 대한 분석은 업무 담당자의 경험과 단편적인 정보를 활용한 이·불용 문제사례별 원인 파악 및 대응적 모색과 같은 개별적 분석수준에 그치고 있다. 본 연구는 계약 프로세스 개선을 위해 공군 군수사령부 재정처가 2019년 11월부터 약 1년간 직접 계약한 총 560건의 계약업무에 관한 데이터를 가지고 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분산된 데이터를 종합하여 프로세스 맵을 도출하고, 프로세스의 흐름, 수행시간 분석, 병목 분석 및 추가 세부분석을 실시했다. 분석결과 다수 계약 건에서 의뢰 후 재검토/수정이 반복 발생하고 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 반복적인 재검토/수정은 원가계산 완료까지의 소요일수 지연에 크게 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이는 병목 지점 시각화를 통해서도 명확하게 드러났다. 재검토/수정은 계약의뢰가 많은 상위 5개 부서에서 60% 이상 발생하고, 의뢰가 집중되는 상반기에 주로 발생하는데 이는 소요부서의 계약의뢰 전 면밀한 사전검토가 필요함을 의미한다. 그리고 재정처의 계약업무는 법령에 따른 절차대로 수행되고 있었으나, 일부 업무의 순서조정이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 군 내 계약업무 분석에 프로세스 마이닝을 이용한 첫 사례이다. 이를 기반으로 프로세스 마이닝을 군대 내 다양한 업무에 적용하기 위한 연구가 더욱 수행된다면, 각종 업무의 효율화를 이끌어 낼 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2020

To keep pace with other powerful nations in this era of the era of digitalization and to emerge stronger in the world, the defense forces of South Korea aim to innovate and prepare themselves for digital battlefields of possible wars in the future. The resources in the defense sector, which is the core of defense intelligence, is based on an intelligent mission collaboration tactical network system via cyber, command, control, communication, and computer (C4), and military and non-human weapons. Defense intelligence depends on the degree of the convergence of advanced Information and communication technologies (ICTs). Considering this aspect of defense intelligence, We plan to determine the application status of defense blockchain technology and examine the feasibility of applying blockchain technology and the core of applied technology. Generally, a key feature of blockchain technology is its data integrity in untrusted environments. There are various types of core technologies for the blockchain depending on the target areas of application in the defense sector, and it is also essential to derive new application strategies for core technologies that are applied in combination with other ICT technologies. We plan to demonstrate new defense ICT converged technologies (DNAB2: Data, Network, AI, BigData, Blockchain) and DNAB2-As-Services in the defense strategy.