• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.377-389
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete vertical silos are universal structures that store large amounts of granular materials. Due to the asymmetric structure, heavy load, uneven storage material distribution, and the difference between the storage volume and the storage material bulk density, the corresponding earthquake is very complicated. Some scholars have proposed the calculation method of horizontal forces on reinforced concrete vertical silos under the action of earthquakes. Without considering the effect of torsional effect, this article aims to reveal the expansion factor of the silo group considering the torsional effect through experiments. Through two-way seismic simulation shaking table tests on reinforced concrete column-supported group silo structures, the basic dynamic characteristics of the structure under earthquake are obtained. Taking into account the torsional response, the structure has three types of storage: empty, half and full. A comprehensive analysis of the internal force conditions under the material conditions shows that: the different positions of the group bin model are different, the side bin displacement produces a displacement difference, and a torsional effect occurs; as the mass of the material increases, the structure's natural vibration frequency decreases and the damping ratio Increase; it shows that the storage material plays a role in reducing energy consumption of the model structure, and the contribution value is related to the stiffness difference in different directions of the model itself, providing data reference for other researchers; analyzing and calculating the model stiffness and calculating the internal force of the earthquake. As the horizontal side shift increases in the later period, the torsional effect of the group silo increases, and the shear force at the bottom of the column increases. It is recommended to consider the effect of the torsional effect, and the increase factor of the torsional effect is about 1.15. It can provide a reference for the structural safety design of column-supported silos.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

Creating a complex balance between dietary composition, circadian rhythm, and the hemostasis control of energy is important for managing diseases. Therefore, we aimed to determine the interaction between cryptochrome circadian clocks 1 polymorphism and energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in women with central obesity. This cross-sectional study recruited 220 Iranian women aged 18-45 with central obesity. The 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary intakes, and the E-DII score was calculated. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were determined. By polymerase chain response-restricted length polymorphism method, cryptochrome circadian clocks 1 polymorphism was assigned. Participants were categorized into three groups based on the E-DII score, then categorized according to cryptochrome circadian clocks 1 genotypes. The mean and standard deviation of age, BMI, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were 35.61 ± 9.57 years, 30.97 ± 4.16 kg/m², and 4.82 ± 5.16 mg/dL, respectively. The interaction of the CG genotype and E-DII score had a significant association with higher hs-CRP level compared to GG genotype as the reference group (β, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.11-2.27; p value, 0.03). There was a marginally significant association between the interaction of the CC genotype and the E-DII score with higher hs-CRP level compared to the GG genotype as the reference group (β, 0.85; 95% CI, -0.15 to 1.86; p value, 0.05). There is probably positive interaction between CG, CC genotypes of cryptochrome circadian clocks 1, and E-DII score on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in women with central obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.698-707
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• 2006

Precise and correct assessment of nutrient intake using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the target people group. It is more likely so in elderly people since their dietary habits and inadequate nutrient intakes are of special concern even worse in rural areas. Two popular methods of gathering dietary intake are 24-hour recall and food frequency method (or food frequency questionnaire). In the present study, we conducted both 24-hour recall and food frequency method on 120 rural elderly people $(aged\;65{\sim}74\;years)$, 62 male and 58 female. The dietary intakes were analyzed and the correlation of the dietary intake between 24-hour recall and food frequency method to determine the reliability between two methods. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or nutrient reference value (NRV) as appropriate. Even correlation did not show significance between the two methods except for dietary fiber intake (0.65 at p<0.01) and energy-yielding nutrients which mostly showed similar results with nutrient intake level. These support the possible reliability between 24-hours record and food frequency method that is also shown on the cases of most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the food frequency method used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of the elderly people would be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 24-hour recall. Also, the present study results suggested that rural female elderly people would be under optimal nutriture status due to the lower food intake measured by 24-hour recall. The optimal food frequency method would be considered to be developed for the precise nutrient assessment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

This study was performed to measure the liquid intake and the liquid intake difference by obesity, exercise frequency, and salty food intake score in female high school students. A total of 235 students in Daejeon area were participated, and the liquid intake was recorded for 3-days(2 weekdays and 1 weekend) by self-recording. The T-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation, and Scheffe test were exercised. The results of this study are as follows. The amount of total liquid intake was 838.5 ㎖/d. Among the 13 kinds of beverages, water was the highest 611.6 ㎖/d, 72.9% of liquid intake total, followed by carbonated drink(65.7 ㎖/d), milk(41.6 ㎖/d), fruit drink(32.8 ㎖/d), and fruit·vegetable juice(25.4 ㎖/d). The other beverages' intake were very small, ≤13.0 ㎖/d. Carbonated drink, milk, and coffee's intake were higher during weekend than weekday. There were sig. difference in water and total liquid intake by the obesity, student of BMI≥23.0 was higher than students of BMI<23.0. And only carbonated drink was sig. different by exercise frequency and salty food intake score. Exercise frequency of ≥3 d/week and salty food intake score of ≥7(very dangerous) consumed more carbonated drink than the lower counterparts. Total liquid intake of female high school students was not reach to 900 ㎖/d, the Adequate Intake in Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans 2015. The amount of milk intake was 41.6 ㎖/d, far less than the Recommended Intake of 2 serving, 400 ㎖/d. Education and promotion program may necessary to increase the liquid intake amount and to choose the nutritious beverage.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2017

The data link layer operates reliable internode communication in the OSI reference model. Generally, the forward error correction (FEC) method is used in the data link layer of the wireless sensor network (WSN) environment that has a high frequency of errors. However, the FEC method consumes a significant amount of energy due to its high error correction rate, which negatively affects the networks' lifespan. In contrast with battery-based technology, energy is regularly recharged in the solar-powered WSN to meet higher energy needs than required for basic operation of existing nodes. By efficiently utilizing this surplus energy, the proposed energy-aware FEC method can reduce the data loss rate with no decrement of the network lifetime. The method employs a trade-off relationship between the energy and data loss rate by adjusting the parity length in the FEC method to the energy state in each node. The performance of the proposed scheme was verified through a simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1100-1112
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• 1998

In this paper, a novel method of minimizing the phase error is proposed. A DP-PLL system using this method is implemented and its performacnce is investigated, too. The DP-PLL system detects the phase error between reference clock and locally generated system clock. The phase difference is then reported as a PEV(Phase Error Variation), which is propoced from the delayted n-tap rising dege clock circuit with 5ns resolution in the phase detector. The algorithm is used to track the optimal DAC coefficients, which are adjusted from sample to sample in such a way as to minimize the PEV. The proposed method is found to have remarkable good potential for fast and accurate phase error tracking characteristic. The algorithm shows good performance to supress the low frequency jitter.-ending points, we design new basis functions based on the Legendre polynomial and then transform the error signals with them. When applied to synthetic images such as circles, ellipses and etc., the proposed method provides, in overall, outstanding results in respect to the transform coding gain compared with DCT and DST. And in the case when applied to natural images, the proposed method gives better image quality over DCT and comparable results with DST.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 2008

In this paper, domestic standard revision plan of dynamic frequency method which is used both in unmanned automatic toll collection system and manned collection system of the express highway is presented. For such ETCS, the infrared rays (870 nm) of active frequency method and the frequency integrated method (5.8 GHz) are adopted and extended to be operated to the all around the Toll Gate. This standardization plan is based on inter connection reference model between OSI (Open System Interconnection) in process of ITS short range radio communication standardization of 5.8 GHz bandwidth to support traffic information and control system service, and the derived revision plan by starting from physical layer which support interoperability for multiple access between RSE (Road Side Equipment) and OBE (On Board Equipment), in which is categorized into physical layer, data link layer, and application layer. In case of radiation power, existing standard is divided by class1 (within 10 m) and Class2 (within 100 m) according to transmission lengthwhile it is operated with just single standard 'Class1' because of notification of Ministry of Information and Communication in 2004. In the case of the limitation value of incident power in communication area, considering operation plan of ETCS that is on actuality operation the measurements are reflected to the standard. In other wort this paper proposed the improvement standard of incident power, pseudo response in the communication area and radiated power in order to secure stability and compatibility among operator systems about the needed part on ETCS operation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.971-981
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• 2002

An open-ended coaxial probe method has been considered as one of effective tools for measuring electrical properties of its contacted material without shaping and fitting. The measured reflection coefficient at the probe's end is able to convert into the corresponding complex permittivity by employing the improved version of virtual transmission-line model Presented by our lab already. But the error of complex permittivity converted by equivalent model increases as the operating frequency ascends high. The errors of complex permittivity in the open-ended coaxial probe can be yielded compositively by the imperfect contact or probe, manufacture error of probe and complex permittivity error of reference material etc. Therefore it is necessary to limit the problem to identify the error causes in high frequency. In this paper, the errors which are resulted from the measurement of reflection coefficient are removed by using the FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method, the error causes are limited the conversion model problem. And the error study of the improved conversion model is performed from several viewpoints. At first, the local minimum of parameter to be calculated by the iteration method in the conversion model is checked. At second, the modeling of the equivalent model is checked in the frequency range. From this study, we know the valid range of the improved conversion model.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.38-45
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• 1995

In this paper a way to improve the performance of the long term prediction is proposed, which adopts the Multi-band Excitation (MBE) method in addition to the Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) method at low bit rates below 4.8 kbps. In the proposed method, the multiband long term prediction is performed on the periodic components which still remain after the long term prediction of the conventional CELP method. At this point, the whole frequency region is divided into subbands whose size is equal to the spacing between the harmonics of the fundamental frequency, and the periodic multiband excitation signals. are represented as the sum of sine waves approximately as large as the spectrum of the excitation signals, so that the actual characteristics of the excitation signals can be better taken into account. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, computer simulation is performed at 4.8 kbps. The 4.8 kbps DoD CELP and the 4.4 kbps IMBE were chosen as the reference vocoders for the speech quality measure. The result of the perceptual speech quality measure showed that the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the 4.8 kbps DoD CELP vocoder, and similar to that of the 4.4 kbps IMBE vocoder.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2003

This Paper Proposes instantaneous following control method to control pulse modulation switching converter by using principle that reset time of integrator is inverse proportion in size of integrator input voltage. proposed control method acts of fixed frequency and control switch calculates time of become turn on and turn off using analog integrator. Duty ratio that express switching time of converter is depended on mean value of switching variable and following time consists in one cycle. Follow to do order exactly stationary state as well as transition state, and controller corrects mean value of control variable and control reference value and control as control error gets into zero. Proposed control method could experimented and know that experiment result and theory are agreeing well through this using the buck converter.