• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2011

Data networks at sea will be overlapped networks with not only traditional carriers such as RF, satellites but also BWA like wireless LAN, WiBro, and WCDMA in near future. In this paper, an overlapped MANET model for data networks at sea, and a routing protocol (OMH-MW) selecting optimal transmission medium for each hop in routes are proposed. OMH-MW measures the optimality of each medium regarding the transmission characteristics of each application and those of the medium in together. The most suitable medium to each link is selected as the link in routes. Performances are compared with those of the MWR (Max-Win based Routing protocol searching optimal routes with only one medium).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.4
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• pp.265-278
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze and characterize end-to-end packet statistics after modeling and simulation of WiFi (IEEE 802.11g) and WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) of a virtual wireless network using OPNET Modeler Wireless Suite. Wireless internal and external network simulators such as Remcom's Wireless InSite Real Time (RT) module, WinProp: W-LAN/Fixed WiMAX/Mobile WiMAX, and SMI system, are designed to consider data transfer rate based on wireless propagation signal strength. However, we approached our research in a different perspective without support for characteristic of these wireless network simulators. That is, we will discuss the purpose of a visual analysis for these packets, how to receive each point packets (e.g., wireless user, base station or access point, and http server) through end-to-end virtual network modeling based on integrated wired and wireless network without wireless propagation signal strength. Measuring packet statistics is important in QoS metric analysis among wireless network performance metrics. Clear packet statistics is an especially essential metric in guaranteeing QoS for WiMAX users. We have found some interesting results through modeling and simulation for virtual wireless network using OPNET Modeler Wireless Suite. We are also able to analyze multi-view efficiency through experiment/observation result.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.4 s.42
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

An intelligent game has been studied for some time, and the main purpose of the study was to win against human by enhancing game skills. But some commercial games rather focused on adaptation of the user's behavior in order to bring interests on the games. In this study, we are suggesting an adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm, which focuses on the adaptation of user behavior. We have designed and developed the Othello game, which provides large state spaces. The evaluation of the experiment was done by playing two reinforcement learning algorithms against Min-Max algorithm individually. And the results show that our approach is playing more improved learning rate, than the previous reinforcement learning algorithm.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2010

The current maritime data communications mainly depend on radio and satellite which have restrictions on data rate and cost. That leads to needs of novel relatively-high-speed data communication systems at sea just like on land. This paper proposes a routing protocol (MWR) for newly designed model of ship-to-ship communication networks at sea. The MWR protocol finds out an optimal route by selecting an optimal network for each specific application from overlapped networks of available wireless media at sea.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.302-308
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• 2012

Self-configuration network model is to overcome the limits of data communications at sea. As a research for enhancing the connectivity and scalability of data networks at sea using the diversity and heterogeneity of the data networks on land, in this paper, a routing scheme (NLTCR) based on not conventional hop counts but distances to destination ships is introduced. The NLTCR seeks an optimal route by normalized distances to a destination, and transmission characteristics of applications and carriers. Performance is evaluated and compared with those of the max-win (MWR) and the normalized transmission characteristics (NTCR) based schemes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2005

A simple HPLC method was employed for the determination of pentoxifylline in human serum. After addition of internal standard (IS, 50 uL of 3 ug/mL chloramphenicol methanol solution) into the serum sample, the drug and IS were extracted by dichloromethane. Following a 1-min vortex-mixing and a 15-min centrifugation at 3500 게m, the organic phase was transferred and evaporated to dryness under a vacuum. The residue was reconstituted with 120 ${\mu}L$ of mobile phase and 50 ${\mu}L$ was injected into C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.034 M phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 4 with 10 M NaOH and acetonitrile (75:25, v/v). The samples were detected using an ultraviolet detector at 273 nm. The method was simple, specific and validated with a limit of 10 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification. The applicability of this method was evaluated by analysis of human serum after oral administration of a single 400 mg dose to 8 healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters for pentoxifylline in human subjects were calculated using WinNonlin program. As a result, $AUC_{t},\;C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ were $962.28{\pm}645.69\;ng{\cdot}/mL$, $132.82{\pm}42.05$ ng/mL, $2.06{\pm}2.68$ hr and $8.74{\pm}4.38$ hr, respectively. Based on the results, this validated method appears to be useful fur the pharmnacokinetic study of pentoxifylline in humans.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of restaurant in-store color and music congruency on consumer's emotional responses and behavioral intentions. The web survey was conducted among 400 customers(aged from 20~39 years old) who lived in Seoul and Kyunggi, Incheon Province. To find ensemble effect of color and music, 3D studio MAX were used to make high-stimulus(exciting) and low-stimulus(calm) and 3D virtual reality restaurant simulation stimulus were applied. The statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 and reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis were used. Based on the result of the conducting factor analysis, emotional responses were classified into 2 factors: positive emotion and negative emotion. Satisfaction was classified into 1 factor: satisfaction. Loyalty was classified into 1 factor: loyalty. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the reliability of the survey instrument. Consequently, restaurant in-store color and music congruency were shown to affect positive emotion and negative emotion. Positive emotion and negative emotion were shown to affect satisfaction. Satisfaction were shown to affect loyalty. Music congruency had a higher effect on positive emotion than color congruency. Color congruency had a higher effect on negative emotion than music congruency. The results of this study will serve as a basis of color and music congruency with restaurant atmospherics.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1092-1097
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• 2011

Data communications at sea are done by the traditional radio and satellite carriers. Because of the restrictions on the data rate and cost of the carriers, a novel data communication system at sea is needed. Nowadays the efforts to make use of the broadband land carriers at sea have been pursued. This paper proposes a routing scheme (NTCR) using the various carriers on land for a MANET model at sea. The NTCR scheme optimizes the route using a chosen carrier by taking considerations of normalized transmission characteristics (NTC) of applications and carriers. The NTCR scheme is compared with the MWR (max-win based routing) scheme.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2014

A routing scheme called MCS-NLTC using a self-configuration marine network model and the diversity and heterogeneity of broadband wireless access technologies is newly proposed. The MCS-NLTC algorithm selects optimal nodes and carriers for every hop in optimal routes based on not conventional hop counts but normalized distances to destination ships (location information of destination ships). Normalized transmission characteristics of applications and carriers are considered to get optimal routes as well. The location information enhances convergence speed to get destinations, which makes the route search time faster. Evaluated performances are compared with those of the schemes based on max-win (OMH-MW), and normalized transmission characteristics (MCS-NTC).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1098-1104
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• 2011

Data communications networks at sea can be modelled by multi-layered networks with traditional carriers (RF, satellites), and BWA (wireless LAN, WiBro, LTE), which partially makes it possible the high speed communication services (WWW, VoIP) at sea. In this paper, a novel routing scheme (CPR) is proposed which selects an optimal carrier for each hop in routes based on carrier preferences (CP). The carrier preferences are measured proactively depending on the feasibility of transmission characteristics (transmission rate, cost, and latency time) of the carriers for each application. Performance was compared with that of the OMH-MW (Optimal Medium per Hop based on Max-Win) routing scheme.