• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.258-265
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• 2003

In our study, we extracted the market, finance, and government factors determining R&D investment of individual firms in the IT industry in Korea. We collected the financial data of 515 individual firms belonging to IT and non-IT industries between 1980 and 1999 from the Korea Investors Service's database and investigated the empirical relationship between the factors using an ordinary regression model, a fixed effects model, and a random effects model. The main findings of our study are as follows: i) The Herfindahl Index variable representing the degree of market concentration is statistically insignificant in explaining R&D expenditures in the IT manufacturing industry. ii) Assets, which is used as a proxy variable for firm size, have a positive and statistically significant coefficient. These two results suggest that the Schumpeterian Hypothesis may be only partially applied to the IT manufacturing industry in Korea. iii) The dividend variable has a negative value and is statistically significant, indicating that a tendency of high dividends can restrict the internal cash flow for R&D investment. iv) The sales variable representing growth potential shows a positive coefficient. v) The subsidy as a proxy variable for governmental R&D promotion policies is positively correlated with R&D expenditure. This suggests that government policy has played a significant role in promoting R&D activities of IT firms in Korea since 1980. vi) Using a dummy variable, we verified that firms reduced their R&D investments to secure sufficient liquidity under the restructuring pressure during Korea's 1998 and 1999 economic crisis.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1217-1230
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• 2021

Using a multinomial logit model with the panel-data set of Vietnam manufacturing firms, this paper investigates the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) - small and medium enterprises (SMEs) linkages and other factors on SMEs' participation in the global value chain (GVC). We consider GVC firms are those engaging in any of the three modes including (i) using domestic inputs to export (D2E), (ii) using imported inputs to produce for the domestic market (I2P), (iii) using imported inputs to export (I2E). We discover that FDI-SME linkages statistically encourage Vietnamese SMEs to integrate into the GVC via I2P and I2E, while no statistical association between FDI-SME linkage and D2E participation is found. GVCs participation likelihood is also positively correlated with the introduction of new product introduction. The establishment of firms' production facilities in industrial zones and foreign ownership are both reported to be significantly decisive factors to SMEs' decisions on GVC participation. Besides, there is a strong association between firms' attributes, i.e. employment, capital intensity as well as financial access, and their participation in the GVC. Local governance quality (proxied by the Provincial Competitiveness Index) and the share of skilled labor at the province-level can facilitate firms' integration into GVCs, while greater market concentration may be a hurdle to such potential.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2631-2638
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• 2013

In this study, to understand the technology development trend of super-speed maglev, the patents applied by major countries are analyzed. And based on the analyzed results, the domestic technology development direction are suggested. For patent analysis, the major technologies for super-speed maglev are classified into 14 parts. Then, through the quantitative analysis method such as number, increase rate and share rate, the overview of technology development and focused parts by each country are investigated. Also through the qualitative analysis method such as concentration degree, citation index and market share index, the technology level and market securing ability of each country are anticipated. Considering the analyzed results and technology development trend, the domestic technology development direction such as priority development fields and methods are proposed.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2020

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has been widely used in various fields such as finance, and distribution. Accordingly, Korea has also announced its AI R&D strategy for the realization of i-Korea 4.0 in May 2018. However, Korea's AI technology is inferior to major competitors such as the US, Canada, and Japan Therefore, in order to cope with the 4th industrial revolution, it is necessary to allocate AI R&D budgets efficiently through selection and concentration so as to gain competitive advantage under a limited budget. In this study, the importance of each AI technology was evaluated in multi-dimensional way through the questionnaire of expert group using the evaluation index derived from the literature review From the results of this study, we draw the following implication. In order to successfully establish the AI technology development strategies, it is necessary to prioritize the cognitive computing technology that has great market growth potential, ripple effect of technology development, and the urgency of technology development according to the principle of selection and concentration. To this end, it is necessary to find creative ideas, manage assessments, converge multidisciplinary systems and strengthen core competencies. In addition, since AI technology has a large impact on socioeconomic development, it is necessary to comprehensively grasp and manage scientific and technological regulations in order to systematically promote AI technology development.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Lately most Asian countries have tried to develop their ports into a hub port in their region. However, only a few studies examined the theoretical rationale for hub port strategy. Thus, this paper aim to identify the effectiveness of hub port development strategy in global and regional perspectives, respectively. For this aim, the paper conducts regression analysis on the relationship between port size and growth ad calculates the Hirshman-Herfindahal Index on Asian container ports. According to the empirical results, larger ports have grown faster than smaller ports in the world container ports und European/North American ports. However, in the case of the Asian container ports, the result was opposite. And port concentration in Northeast Asian ports is decreasing gradually during the last two decades. Consequently, the effectiveness of hub port development strategy was not very strong in Northeast Asian region.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.300-308
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• 2010

This study empirically investigates the export structure change of OECD countries in the field of information technology from 1995 to 2005. We used Between and Within Entropy index to estimate the difference of export structure change rather than RCA index(simple export structure change). In addition, we also estimate the relationship between R&D activities and export difference. First, empirical findings showed that IT export market concentration is decreasing gradually, and changing to more competitive market structure. Second, compared to other OECD countries, Korean exports weight of information and communication industry can be seen higher than that of bio-industry. Third, Entropy index was increased from 1995 and then gradually decreased as the starting point of 2000. Finally, the relationship between R & D activities in the telecommunications industry and impact of the export structure changes was a positive.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2018

In 1995, the WTO started to ease the trade barriers. Globalization has accelerated. The opening of the agricultural products market is rapidly gaining momentum with the conclusion of an FTA. The acceleration of this FTA is expected to be a threat to Korea's agriculture, and a new strategy is needed. At the beginning of the nuclear accident, mainly radioactive materials are found in the surface layer of the soil. Over time, the concentration of the plant gradually increases. After 5 years, it becomes noticeable. In March 2016, it will be five years after the nuclear accident. Radioactive contamination is very likely to occur in agricultural products produced in the Fukushima area at this time. In this period, agricultural products produced in the Fukushima region are expected to generate supply disruptions in Japan, and imports to replace them will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a mid- and long-term strategy for exporting to Japan by analyzing the competitiveness of Korean agricultural products. In this study, standardization index was derived by using agricultural price ratio, TSI, export CAC. Based on this, we analyzed the competitiveness of each item in the Japanese market. The analysis shows that garlic is the most competitive product in the Japanese market. Also, strawberry, tomato, and cucumber were found to be competitive. On the other hand, Kiwi, pineapple, soybean, onion, potato, etc. As a result of the analysis, the following strategies were proposed for the export of agricultural products with high competitiveness. First, it is necessary to develop technology to suppress deterioration of export transportation quality. Second, continuous supply of local consumption pattern information is required. Third, it is necessary to expand exports by processing fresh food. Fourth, it suggested the establishment of export base and strengthening of support system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the industrial concentration of the districts, cities and counties among clinics, dental clinics, and Oriental clinics. For this purpose, the sales from 1996 to 2015 in five-year intervals were analyzed by the Heifindal-Hirschmann index (HHI). The results of this study showed that the competition index represented by the HHI tended to intensify as a whole. Especially in the county area, HHI tended to be in comparison with other regions, but decreased with statistically significance. On average, the HHI was higher in the county than in the district and city areas. In the case of the clinic, the HHI of the county area tended to decrease. In the case of the dental clinic, the HHI tended to decrease in the city and county, while in the Oriental clinic the HHI tended to decrease in the district, city and county. Overall, monopolies were present in the county, but competition strengthened over time. In the case of clinics, competition is intensifying in country. area. In the case of dental clinics, competition in the city and country areas has not yet reached saturation. In the case of Oriental clinics, competition in all regions has not yet been saturated, and competition in the distinct market has been most intense.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.33-69
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• 2021

This study estimates the employment relationship of domestic and foreign workers by establishing 16 municipal and provincial panel data for the period 2010-2018. It attempts to analyze industry-specific (manufacturing and construction), scale-specific (5-29, 5-29, 5-299 and 5 above) and uses the foreign worker's national share (foreigner's concentration index) as an instrumental variable to control the endogeneity of foreign workers. Finally, it compares the results of panel GLS, which does not consider the endogeneity of foreign workers, with the results using instrumental variable method that considers it. As a result of the analysis, the complementary relationship between domestic and foreign workers was confirmed in the panel GLS analysis. However, although the employment relationship between domestic and foreign workers was not statistically significant in the instrumental variable method, the analysis of the combination of manufacturing and construction industry showed a statistically significant substitute relationship. This study is highly regarded for the first time in Korea that an instrumental variable method was created to identify and control the endogeneity of foreign workers in estimating employment relationships between domestic and foreign workers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.305-322
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• 2016

With the multiplex and wide release strategy, the monopolies of four major distribution companies and three multiplex chain, the polarization of Korean movie's Box Office performance is deepening. The four major distributor of NEW, CJ CGV, Lotte Cinema distributed 290 movies of 538 movies produced from 2009 to 2014 in Korea. The audience market share of these four distributors is 85.74%, while other 248 movies covers only 14.26%, which are distributed by outsides of the four major distribution system. The concentration of film admission has been deepened in Gini Index from 0.53 in 2004 to 0.85 in 2014. The movies distributed by others rather than four major companies suffers inequality in numbers of secured screens, screening times, and secured seats of movie theaters. In the highest 10% of box-office ranking, there is only one movie distributed by others. The lowest 50% of box-office ranking, there are 186 movies by others, while four companies have 81 movies. However, Occupancy rate of seat of major companies is lower than 16.83% of that of the others in the lowest 50% section. Workers of Korean movie industry are suffered from this polarization and they seek their breakthrough by producing erotic movies for VOD in recent years.