• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.750-756
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• 2020

Objectives: After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic, the South Korean government announced guidelines on wearing masks to prevent its spread. The guidelines have changed depending on the severity of the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to identify mask-wearing behaviours to counter the spread of COVID-19 in indoor and outdoor environments. Methods: The type of mask worn and proper wearing were observed in cafés, supermarkets, underground shopping malls, and streets in Seoul. Behavioral assessment was repeated in August at social distancing levels 1 and 2, in October at social distancing level 1, and in November after the mask mandates. Results: In August, 22.1% of subjects in cafés, 90.8% in supermarkets, 91.8% in underground shopping malls, and 83.6% on outdoor streets wore masks properly. In October, the proportion of correct wearers increased in all locations. After masks became mandatory in November, about 97% of users of supermarkets, underground shopping malls, and streets wore masks properly. In cafés, the proportion of proper wearers was 61.5% with both social distancing level 2 in August and the mandate in November. The number of KF-certified mask wearers continued to increase from August to November. Conclusion: This study investigated mask-wearing behaviors to counter COVID-19 through observations in indoor and outdoor places in Seoul. Mask-wearing behavior was different depending on the place and the government guidelines in place. The results could be used for evaluation of the current guidelines for COVID-19.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

This study targets four Soho fashion shopping malls that are operating successfully in the online fashion market. This study analyzed the entrepreneurship process by dividing it into three stages. The results of the case study are as follows. In the case of Company S, the founder, who had little work experience, started an e-commerce business with a sense of fashion and entrepreneurship. It is a contemporary, casual brand with competitive prices, design power, and diverse product assortment, and the business performance was achieved through data management and analysis and the diversification of distribution channels. In the case of Company B, the founder, who had little work experience, started a manufacturing and e-commerce business by leveraging their SNS network capabilities and entrepreneurial spirit. It is a contemporary fashion brand with product competitiveness of specific items and start-up characteristics, and performance was achieved through the establishment of brand identity and market expansion. Third, Company M and Company C are examples of Soho fashion shopping malls where the founders with more extensive work experience at the time of founding their respective start-ups focused on brand recognition as their core competitiveness. In the case of Company M, the apparel brand was launched with a wealth of experience and design spirit. It is a fashion designer brand that stands out for its sensibility, and the owner has achieved performance through various entrepreneurial activities that broaden the corporate horizon. Company C is a manufacturing and e-commerce brand that was started with design capabilities and an entrepreneurial spirit. It is a luxury fashion brand that focuses on emotional expression, and the outcomes, such as brand recognition and sales, were achieved through active customer management. The results of this study can be used as basic data in education for and research of Soho shopping malls and the prospective founders.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.307-317
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of merchants' perceptions of service quality, youth mall creation, and traditional market revitalization on management performance to derive factors that can improve the self-sustainability of the traditional market. In particular, it was intended to predict the practical effect of the youth mall creation project by including merchants' perceptions of the rapidly emerging youth mall to revitalize the traditional market. In this study, 430 small business owners from five private traditional markets in Iksan were surveyed, the research model was verified by analyzing the technical statistics, reliability, and validity of the data collected using the SPSS 21.0 program, and the hypothesis was verified through correlation and regression analysis. Although youth malls are actively promoted at the government level to revitalize traditional markets and improve management performance, this study confirmed that the creation of youth malls in traditional markets does not directly affect traditional market revitalization and management performance, confirming that policies to create youth malls that can actually help revitalize traditional markets and improve management performance in the future need to be promoted.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2002

This study suggests safety assessment items and risk assessment technique for underground shopping malls by extracting dangerous elements in the management stage through examination of related accidents, documents and present conditions.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.167-186
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• 1999

인터넷 유통업은 기본적으로 대량 트랜잭션 발생을 목표로 한다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 유통업의 대표적인 형태인 인터넷 쇼핑몰 운영을 위한 내부 프로세스 에이전트를 정의하고 이들의 참조 구축 프레임웍을 제시하고 있다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 후방 프로세스를 분석해 보았으며 이를 토대로 다양한 운영층 프로세스 에이전트 유형과 특성을 정의하였다. 또한, 다수의 에이전트로 구성된 프로세스 에이전트팀 조직과 활동 원칙도 제시하였다. 에이전트의 구현을 위해 멀티쓰레딩 기법을 사용하였다. 단순한 데이터 처리를 담당하는 운영층 프로세스 에이전트에 대한 연구는 향후 보다 복잡한 지능을 가진 전략층 프로세스 에이전트에 대한 연구로 발전할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.865-868
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 기존의 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 쉽게 구축할 수 있는 템플릿을 설계하고자 한다. 지금까지의 쇼핑몰은 웹 호스트가 업종 및 상품의 특성에 따라 웹 페이지를 제작하였으며, 쇼핑몰을 운영하기 위해 인터넷 문서를 알아야 쇼핑몰을 구축할 수 있었다. 하지만 템플릿을 설계하면, 상품 분류와 항목을 입력하기만 하면 쉽게 웹페이지가 제작되어 쇼핑몰을 운영할 수 있게 본다. 이는 시간과 노력을 많이 절감하게 되며, 인터넷에 대한 지식이 없더라도 쇼핑몰을 구축 및 운영한 수 있다는 장점을 가진다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-63
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• 2012

Previous studies of reward programs have generally focused on designing the best programs for consumers and suggested that consumers' perception of the value of reward programs can vary according to the type of reward program (e.g., hedonic vs. utilitarian and direct vs. indirect) and its timing (e.g., immediate vs. delayed). These studies have typically assumed that consumers' preference for reward programs has a positive effect on brand loyalty. However, Dowling and Uncles (1997) pointed out that this preference does not necessarily foster brand loyalty. In this regard, the present study verifies this assumption by examining the effects of consumers' perception of the value of reward programs on their brand loyalty. Although reward programs are widely used by online shopping malls, most studies have examined the conditions under which consumers are most likely to value loyalty programs in the context of offline shopping. In the context of online shopping, however, consumers' preferences may have little effect on their brand loyalty because they have more opportunities for comparing diverse reward programs offered by many online shopping malls. That is, in online shopping, finding attractive reward programs may require little effort on the part of consumers, who are likely to switch to other online shopping malls. Accordingly, this study empirically examines whether consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. Meanwhile, consumers seek utilitarian and/or hedonic value from their online shopping activity(Jones et al., 2006; Barbin et al., 1994). They visit online shopping malls to buy something necessary (utilitarian value) and/or enjoy the process of shopping itself (hedonic value). In this sense, reward programs may reinforce utilitarian as well as hedonic value, and their effect may vary according to the type of reward (utilitarian vs. hedonic). According to Chaudhuri and Holbrook (2001), consumers' perception of the value of a brand can influence their brand loyalty through brand trust and affect. Utilitarian value influences brand loyalty through brand trust, whereas hedonic value influences it through brand affect. This indicates that the effect of this perception on brand trust or affect may be moderated by the type of reward program. Specifically, this perception may have a greater effect on brand trust for utilitarian reward programs than for hedonic ones, whereas the opposite may be true for brand affect. Given the above discussion, the present study is conducted with three objectives in order to provide practical implications for online shopping malls to strategically use reward program for establishing profitable relationship with customers. First, the present study examines whether reward programs can be an effective marketing tool for increasing brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. Second, it investigates the paths through which consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty. Third, it analyzes the effects of this perception on brand trust and affect by considering the type of reward program as a moderator. This study suggests and empirically analyzes a new research model for examining how consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. The model postulates the following 10 hypotheses about the structural relationships between five constructs: (H1) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their program loyalty; (H2) Program loyalty has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H3) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their brand trust; (H4) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their brand affect; (H5) Brand trust has a positive effect on program loyalty; (H6) Brand affect has a positive effect on program loyalty; (H7) Brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H8) Brand affect has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H9) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs is more likely to influence their brand trust for utilitarian reward programs than for hedonic ones; and (H10) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs is more likely to influence their brand affect for hedonic reward programs than for utilitarian ones. To test the hypotheses, we considered a sample of 220 undergraduate students in Korea (male:113). We randomly assigned these participants to one of two groups based on the type of reward program (utilitarian: transportation card, hedonic: movie ticket). We instructed the participants to imagine that they were offered these reward programs while visiting an online shopping mall. We then asked them to answer some questions about their perception of the value of the reward programs, program loyalty, brand loyalty, brand trust, and brand affect, in that order. We also asked some questions about their demographic backgrounds and then debriefed them. We employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) method with AMOS 18.0. The results provide support for some hypotheses (H1, H3, H4, H7, H8, and H9) while providing no support for others (H2, H5, H6, H10) (see Figure 1). Noteworthy is that the path proposed by previous studies, "value perception → program loyalty → brand loyalty," was not significant in the context of online shopping, whereas this study's proposed path, "value perception → brand trust/brand affect → brand loyalty," was significant. In addition, the results indicate that the type of reward program moderated the relationship between consumers' value perception and brand trust but not the relationship between their value perception and brand affect. These results have some important implications. First, this study is one of the first to examine how consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. In particular, the results indicate that the proposed path, "value perception → brand trust/brand affect → brand loyalty," can better explain the effects of reward programs on brand loyalty than existing paths. Furthermore, these results suggest that online shopping malls should place greater emphasis on the type of reward program when devising reward programs. To foster brand loyalty, they should reinforce the type of shopping value that consumers emphasize by providing them with appropriate reward programs. If consumers prefer utilitarian value to hedonic value, then online shopping malls should offer utilitarian reward programs and vice versa.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.126-142
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• 2014

This research aims to analyze jeans possession and perceptions of jeans' fit among women in their 20s to help improve the accuracy of purchase decisions in online shopping and to provide basic data necessary to overcome limits in the fit conveyance method of online shopping malls. A sample of 149 females in their 20s was divided into two groups according to height, waist size, and interest in fashion, and several factors were analyzed: jeans possession status, the fit of purchased jeans, the reason for purchase, and the perception of jeans' fit. The results are as follows. The group with a high interest in fashion owned more skinny jeans, and there was a higher frequency of purchasing skinny jeans during the last year among those with a height of 160 cm or more, a waist size of less than 27 inches, and a high interest in fashion. Of the respondents, 92.6% accurately understood skinny fit, 51.7% understood straight fit, and 56.4% understood regular fit. There was no significant difference in the perception of skinny fit or regular fit, but straight fit was better understood by the group with a waist size of 27 inches or more. Thus, by providing accurate size information and analyzing the body shapes of consumers, online shopping malls will be able to increase customer satisfaction with pants of various fits to reduce the rate of returns.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.291-298
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• 2015

It is pretty hard to sell the kids' furniture online because of the characteristics of the consumers that they will like to make purchases after looking at the actual objects and then considering purchasing them. In this paper, we made the scheme to boost the on-line malls of the kids' furniture market by collecting the consumers' intention to buy before purchasing with questionnaire survey, comparing it with the real data of purchasing, and analyzing the differences. We analyzed the visit number of shopping mall, the page number of views, page duration time per visit, and customer's shopping path by using log data from the children's furniture online shopping mall server. In addition, we analyzed where the customer's influx route is among online advertising. We found that there are requirements for the designs, prices, brand names, and practicalities by the consumers purchasing the kids' furniture online. To strengthen competitiveness of the online kids' furniture malls, we proposed that reinforcing the on-line experiences of furniture, the differential strategies for the products, ensuring the fixed customers are needed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.283-289
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• 2015

This study examines what information is that affects factors of purchase from product detail page of internet shopping malls. For this purpose, the first, the classification of Internet shopping malls and product information and purchasing factors were determined through previous studies, the second, by constructing a questionnaire based on this, verify the validity of each factor and, the finally, the biggest influence what information was performed to examine. What consumers really wants the information, what information to make purchases, the Internet shopping site will be to assist in the design. The results using the Internet shopping site that users reviews, site reliability, Information Architecture, reserve, 3D images and product images available, has been identified as factors affecting the use of reviews and product images available on the factors affecting the revealed. In the site design layout, color systems, text and many design factors are important, but will have to be designed to be purchased by providing sufficient information for the product.