• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.15-41
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• 2012

Recently, there happens many purchasing cases encouraged by friends' recommendation in SNS (Social Network Service). This study investigates the effect of friend recommendation on consumers' purchasing heuristic. For this purpose, we compare the effect of friend recommendation with consumer recommendation in terms of trustworthy, specialty, relevancy. Usually, the frequency of friend recommendation is far lower than that of consumer recommendation. Hence, we examine how the effect of information source (friend recommendation or consumer recommendation) is moderated by the frequency of recommendation, as well. As results, this study finds out that, under the same frequency, friend recommendation does not have significantly stronger effect on the purchasing heuristic, although friend recommendation is evidenced as one of significant heuristic inducers. However, in terms of trustworthy, friend recommendation is significantly superior to the consumer recommendation. Moreover, under sufficiently higher frequency, friend recommendation works as better heuristic factor than consumer recommendation. The results deliver managerial implications in the perspective of understanding consumers' purchasing decisions and responding strategies of firms.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.188-207
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to examine the extent of deontological (values) and teleological evaluation (considering consequences) used in arriving at an ethical judgment concerning intention to purchase a fashion counterfeit. In addition, the effect of psychographic (attitudes toward counterfeiting, risk taking, self-image, value consciousness, public self-consciousness, and materialism) and product attributes (perceived fashion content, physical appearance, and image) on intention to purchase a counterfeit product were investigated. Two alternatives and possible consequences as well as the scenario were given to the participants. The first alternative is persuading a friend not to buy a counterfeit and the second alternative is purchasing a counterfeit product with a friend. Participants (n = 245) were undergraduate volunteers enrolled in courses at a Midwestern university. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factory analysis and structural equation modeling. The proposed structural models fit the data adequately in both alternatives, and all paths were significant. Participants followed the decision making steps outlined by Hunt and Vitell (1986) in both alternatives. Personal characteristics exerted no influence on behavioral intentions concerning counterfeits. Two product-related characteristics (i.e., physical appearance of a counterfeit and projected image of a counterfeit) had direct effects on the behavioral intentions. The conclusions of this research are helpful in improving our understanding of variables that influence consumers' purchasing counterfeit luxury products.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of fashion information source in the stage of purchase decision-making and difference by stage of purchase decision-making and difference by stage of the effect extend, and to analyze the difference by fashion information source. For this study, the data were collected through the questionnaire distributed to 337 female students from five universities. The results are as follows: 1) There was significant difference among the effect to fashion information source according to the purchase decision-making stage. At the adoption stage, fashion information source have the most effect on clothing purchase. 2) The effect of Impersonal Source in the purchase decision-making stage was gradually decreased fro the initial (awareness, interest) sage to the late stage. 3) The effect of Personal Source in the purchase decision-making stage was gradually increased from the initial (awareness, interest) stage to the late stage. 4) Addition stage was highly influenced by friend and family that was Personal Independent Source than other fashion information source. However the final selection on clothing purchase was not influenced by friend and family. 5. There was significant difference among the effect of fashion information source according to the grade. Low garde students were highly influenced by Personal Source on clothing purchase, but high grade students were highly influenced by Impersonal Sources on clothing purchase. 6) There was significant difference among the effect of fashion information source according to the major. The students a majored clothing & textile-design were highly influenced by Impersional Source. These results suggest that fashion information source was significantly different according to purchase decision-making stage and was influenced by grade and major of subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.159-184
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• 2006

Lately, the rapid social and family system change, the entrance examination-centered circumstance in education have a negative influence not only on making up the affirmative self-esteem but also on building up the personal relationship through mutual communication with friends of the same age. Making children adapt well to school life and develop a good relationship in the class is an important subject in educational field. Thus, various school activities should offer lots of opportunities to increase their affirmative self-esteem and more specified performance-centered programs are required toform a harmonious relationship among parties of students. The purpose of this study is to improve an affirmative self-esteern and a desirable personal relationship of children through developing friend-praise program and adapting it to children. Based on the above purpose, the following subjects for this study 'are suggested. Firstly, is the friend-praise program effective in forming an affirmative self-esteem of elementary students? Secondly, is the friend-praise program successful in improving a desirable personal relationship in an elementary school? In addition, two hypotheses of study are decided on the basis of theoretical background and the former study. Hypothesis 1. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem. Hypothesis 2. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship. In order to improve the above hypotheses, the experiment was carried out with two classes on the fourth grade in M elementary school in Wonju with being divided into one experimental group and the other comparative group. The friend-praise program which was adapted to the experimental group was composed with four steps as 'introduction', 'preparation', 'operation' and 'closing'. This program which has twelve categories was executed once or twice in a week and each class was continued for forty or sixty minutes. Contrastively, comparative group had no application of the main program. For the purpose of proving the hypotheses after adapting the program to students, I have executed both self-esteem test and personal relationship test. The tests were performed with using SPSS/Windows V10.0 and the statistic was conducted through independant sample t-test for the difference between groups and contrastive sample t-test for the individual difference in each group. The results of this study can be summarized like the followings: Firstly, from the result of previous and after tests, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of self-esteem(t=-4.496, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=-3.216, p=.003), social self-esteem(t=-2.680, p=.012), homely self-esteem(t=-3.732, p=.001), and school self-esteem(t=-3.902, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. At the same time, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in self-esteem(t=-4.758, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=2.581, p=.017), social self-esteem(t=3.160, p=.003), homely self-esteem(t=4.283, p=.000), and school self-esteem(t=4.110, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. As a result of this experiment, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem was proved. Secondly, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of personal relationship(t=-4.131, p=.000). Specifically, satisfaction(t=-2.113, p=.045), communication(t=-3.381, p=.002), confidence(t=-3.517, p=.001), intimacy(t=-3.958, p=.000), sensibility(t=-2.955, p=.006), openness(t=-4.318, p=.000) and interest(t=-2.941, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. In the same instant, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in all categories of personal relationship(t=3.897, p=.000). Especially, satisfaction(t=2.257, p=.003), communication(t=3.527, p=.001), confidence(t=3.704, p=.001), intimacy(t=3.904, p=.000), sensibility (t=4.382, p=.000), openness(t=2.648, p=.013) and interest(t=2.944, p=.006) showed a meaningful difference. Accordingly, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship was proved. Judging from all these results, we should provide primary students with various opportunities to take part in active programs which help them to set up their righteous sense of value, to solve their own problems and to develop their potentials. Consequently, many kinds of practice-centered program like the friend-praise program should be developed more systematically and teachers should apply all those programs to students according to their individual level and developmental stage.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Recently, As the increase in interaction between the person and the person, the people plentifully use a messenger. Thus, we propose a new messenger program, we call Hellow Fellow Messenger. The hollow fellow messenger has functions of general messenger such as chatting, note exchange, friend addition. Also, hollow fellow messenger provide with special function, which find friends satisfied conditions in PDA and PC environment. So, Client can find not only friend who is register already but also friend who is the possibility of seeing a movie and can comfortably talk together and so on. For this, server sends information for users satisfied in condition from databases to client and client selects a user among received information for users. Client-server communication is implemented using MFC[1].

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of temperament of child, maternal parenting behavior, social support. The data was collected from 5th to 6th grade 405 children living in Kwangju. For statistical analysis, Cranbach' ${\alpha}$, and hierarchical regression analysis were used. The results were summarized as follows: as a result of making a hierarchical regression analysis to find out the relative impact of gender on Ego-Resilience, sub-factors of child's temperament, maternal parenting behavior, and family and friend's social support were identified as the most important variables and predictors of ego-resilience. These results indicated that ego-resilience was the most significant variable to predict a child's temperament(attention). Ego-resilience was impacted according to the child's temperament(activity mood), friend support, maternal parenting behavior(rational guidance), in addition to the child's temperament(activity level).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of family relations on facility adaptation of the elderly. In January and February of 2018, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 5 ~ 6 elderly residents of each long-term care facility, and finally 353 data were used for analysis. The main results of the study were as follows: First, the adaptation level of the elderly was high. As for 'maladjustment of group behavior' and 'movement shock', the level of maladjustment is low as 2 points, and adaptation dimension such as 'accept of new residence' and 'making friend' is above the middle level. Second, the influence of family variables was more influential than the demographic characteristics of the elderly and the influence of the facility-related variables. Among them, the closeness with family is the most influential. Therefore, it is suggested that the elderly need active support and efforts to maintain the intimacy with the family from the entrance to the facility and the time after the entrance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2020

This study evaluated methods of improving sustained learning participation by examining the structural relationship of school support consisting of professor support, friend-senior support and educational environment support, career decisionmaking self-efficacy, school satisfaction, and learning persistence depending on the characteristics of college students majoring in culinary art and food service. The study findings were as follows. First, the general characteristics of college students majoring in culinary art and food service were perceived significantly more by female students than by male students. Second, school support directly influenced the career decision-making self-efficacy and school satisfaction, but did not directly influence the learning persistence. Instead, school support influenced school satisfaction and learning persistence indirectly by the medium of career decision-making self-efficacy. Third, career decision-making self-efficacy directly influenced school satisfaction and learning persistence and indirectly influenced learning persistence by the medium of school satisfaction. Lastly, school satisfaction directly influenced the learning persistence, implying that school satisfaction is an important factor for the learning persistence of college students majoring in culinary art and food service. These results show that, because school members and environmental support cannot exclusively make learning persistence, diverse systems and programs must be developed and applied to improve the career decision-making self-efficacy and school satisfaction of college students majoring in culinary art and food service.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2021

In this study, we developed the service that can efficiently making friends among college students in metaverse world. Metaverse technology has recently emerged as an important topic across the industry.' The development of virtual and augmented reality technologies, which have emerged as a new paradigm to drive the next generation of the Internet, is bringing us closer to the metaverse world. Metaverse is spreading around the gaming, entertainment, music, and content industries[1]. In particular, as non-face-to-face transitions have accelerated since the COVID-19 outbreak, lifestyles and industrial sites are rapidly changing beyond untacting to metaverseization, a three-dimensional virtual space. After discovering the needs of users through surveys and interviews, the research method added functions to the service that matched those needs. Users were pleased that they could make friends who matched their preferences and tastes, play like a game in a virtual world called metaverse, and customize their avatars to their liking. It was also very fresh to customize the goods so that they could be gifted and kept by themselves.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 1997

The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the effects of middle-aged married women’s attitude and activity for leisure upon their life satisfaction. The samples were composed of 388 married women between 40 years and 59 years old, selected by age and local distribution. As the major findings of this study, the most decisive factors to enhance the life satisfaction are found as follows: First, the behavioral factor among the leisure attitudes is most affective to highten the life satisfaction. Second, self-development activity, friend-making activity and home-oriented activity are the most decisive factors in the category of participation rate of leisure activities. Third, in the types of leisure activities, leisure activity with husbands is the most affecting. Also, the economic factor of the samples was the most significant factor to affect the life satisfaction. The findings of this study provide some implications regarding the policies on the leisure facilities, leisure education programs, the governmental and social supporting systems, and the spontaneous efforts of women themselves to enhance the quality of life of the middle-aged married women.