• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2002

Quality evaluation of red ginsengs is determined by outer shape and inner qualities. Especially, the inner qualities are main grading criteria. Currently, red ginsengs are classified into 3-grades; heaven, earth and good. The best heaven grade must not include inner holes and sponge tissues. This study was conducted to develop a red ginseng sorting system using x-ray image processing technique. Because of lens characteristic, gray values of the central region in the x-ray image are higher and gradually decreased towards the edge regions. This difference of gray values gives trouble in segmentation and detection of inner holes in red ginseng image, so preprocessing technique is necessary. The preprocessing was done by subtracting source image from an empty background image. But, simple subtraction was not quite appropriate because of too small contrast between inner holes and sound part. Scaled subtraction images were obtained by multiplying all gray values by some numbers. However this method could not help to set threshold value because the gray values of root part are generally lower than body part when red ginseng is exposed to the x-ray. To determine threshold value for detecting inner holes, an algorithm was developed by increasing overall gray values of less clear images.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2010

Only an optimum number of viable spermatozoa in a frozen-thawed insemination dose can ensure conception at artificial insemination (AI). We report here the percentages of normal, abnormal and viable spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen of 20 Black Bengal bucks used for commercial AI. Bucks in this experiment were of 19.3~46.1 months old and 25~42 kg body weight. Four semen straws (0.25 ml) from each buck were collected for evaluation of their kinetic parameters. Scrotal circumference was measured by using a scrotal tape, sperm motility was estimated on eye estimation and sperm concentration was determined by using a haemocytometer. Sperm morphology was studied in paraformaldehyde fixed spermatozoa under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. To determine the proportion of live (plasma membrane intact) spermatozoa, semen was stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide and examined under fluorescent microscope. Scrotal circumference, post-thaw sperm motility, sperm concentration per insemination dose and proportion of normal spermatozoa were $21.5{\pm}0.7\;cm$, $43.5 {\pm}5.4%$, $83.5{\pm}6.7$ million and $88.3{\pm}4.1%$, respectively. The percentages of spermatozoa with head shape and acrosome abnormalities were lower ($2.7{\pm}1.1$ and $1.4{\pm}1.3$, respectively), whereas higher percentages of abnormalities ($7.0{\pm}1.8$) were observed in mid piece and tail portion. The proportion of live spermatozoa was $28.5{\pm}5.4$. It is concluded that although a good number of morphologically normal spermatozoa are present in the insemination dose, the proportion of live spermatozoa is low, which warrants further improvements of buck semen freezing procedures to ensure good quality at AI.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant thread depth on primary stability in low density bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The insertion torque was measured by inserting Ti implants with different thread depths into solid rigid polyurethane blocks (Sawbones) with three different bone densities ($0.16g/cm^3$, $0.24g/cm^3$, and $0.32g/cm^3$). The insertion torque value was evaluated with a surgical engine. The static compressive strength was measured with a universal testing machine (UTM) and the Ti implants were aligned at $30^{\circ}$ against the loading direction of the UTM. After the static compressive strength test, the Ti implants were analyzed with a Measurescope. RESULTS. The Ti implants with deeper thread depth showed statistically higher mean insertion torque values (P<.001). Groups A and group B had similar maximum static compressive strengths, as did groups C and D (P>.05). After the static compressive strength, the thread shape of the Ti implants with deeper thread depth did not show any breakage but did show deformation of the implant body and abutment. CONCLUSION. The implants with deeper thread depth had higher mean insertion torque values but not lower compressive strength. The deep threads had a mechanical stability. Implants with deeper thread depth may increase the primary stability in areas of poor quality bone without decreasing mechanical strength.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 1989

Effect of pH variation in starting solution for the making of hydroxyapatite powder was studied in relation to the sinterability of the powder and their mechanical properties of the sintered hydroxyapatite ceramics. The sinterability of hydroxyapatite powder prepared at different pH was found to be improved with increase in pH value of the starting solutions. Thus the powders prepared from the higher pH solutions including 10.5, 11.0 and 11.5 could be well densified almost upto theoretical density by firing for 1 hr at 1,00$0^{\circ}C$. But the powder based on pH 10 exhibited less sinterability even being fired at much higher temperature of 1,10$0^{\circ}C$, it gave only 90-95% of theoretical density. On the other hand the powder prepared on the lowest pH value 9.5 could not be well densified and it could obtain only 78% of theoretical density even by firing at 1,30$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. It was found that prismatic crystals of whitlockite were always included in the sintered bodies based on the lower pH values as a minority crystalline phase together with the major crystalline phase of hydroxyapatite and its inclusion might impair the sinterability of powder. However in the case of the higher pH, the powder contained only hydroxyapatite as a crystalline phase on sintering without any minorities. The sphere shape of crystals might help effectively the densification of the bodies. The best mechanical properties could be obtained from the body of pH 11 sintered at 1,10$0^{\circ}C$, which gave 99.5% of theoretical density, 662Kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$ of vickers hardness and 1,352Kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of diameteral compression strength.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.593-602
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• 2023

This study aimed to facilitate the use of virtual technologies such as sewing, appearance, and material expression in 3D virtual wear programs. For product production and education, we expounded how to express the shoulder shape and silhouette of sleeve-expanded power shoulder jackets. Two designs of sleeve-expanded power shoulder jackets were selected, and virtual jackets were produced using a virtual avatar based on the body dimensions of female subjects in their 20s. The essential purpose of a 3D virtual power shoulder jacket is to express the shoulder angle rise and shoulder width, which are much wider than the avatar's shoulder. Therefore, the virtual pad values were adjusted for the collision and rendering of each thickness. In addition, the position and angle of the virtual pads were controlled through simulation. Appearance similarity was evaluated using photographic data and the virtual jackets. For the set-in sleeve virtual power shoulder jacket, the wrinkle expressions of the torso and sleeve were rated as moderate, and material expression was slightly insufficient. The similarity of some ease and width items of the torso was tightly expressed, and the overall appearance, positions of lines, and details of jackets were rated high, especially at the neck and sleeve shapes. In the case of the kimono virtual power shoulder jacket, the expressions of the torso wrinkles and buttons were slightly lower; however, the overall similarity, basic lines, ease, shoulder and neck details, and material expression of the virtual jackets were highly evaluated.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1985

우리나라 참붕어의 아가미에서 검출되는 Echinochasmus속 피낭유충을 마우스에서 실험감염 시킨 후 성충을 얻어 종을 동안하고 마우스내에서의 간단한 발육상황을 관찰하였다. 1. 참붕어에서 수집한 Echinochasmus속 피낭유충은 타원형으로 $0.073~0.078{\times}0.054~0.065{\;}mm$의 크기이었고 탈낭시킨 표본에서 두관(head crown) 및 두극(collar spine)이 뚜렷하며 두극은 좌우 12개씩 총 24개가 구흡반 주위를 일열로 둘러싸고 있었으나 구흡반배측에서 연결이 끊어져 있었다. 2. 마우스로부터의 충체회수율은 감염 1일부터 21일까지 평균 19.5%이었고 감염기간 경과에 따른 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 충체는 주로 마우스의 소양하부에서 회수되었다. 3. 마우스 체내에서 충체는 5일후면 모든 생식기관이 성숙되었고 충체 길이는 7일에 최대에 달한 후 21일까지 큰 변화가 없었다. 생식기관의 감염 7일까지 성장은 비생생기관과는 달리 {$\ulcorner}S자{\Ircorner}$형 곡선을 보였다. 감염 5~6일 후 마우스의 대변에서 크기 평균 $0.0865{\times}0.0608mm$인 충란이 검출되었고 감염 5일에 회수된 충체 자궁에서 1~2개의 충란이 발견되었다. 4. 감염 7일째의 성충을 관찰한 바 충체외형은 란원형으로 크기 $0.54~0.69{\times}0.29~0.34{\;}mm$이었고 잘 발달된 두관과 좌우 12개씩 총 24개의 두극을 가지고 있므려, 란황선이 복흡반 부위에서 충체 후단까지 분포하는 점 등으로 Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926으로 동정되었다. 이상의 결과로 참붕어가 우리나라에서 E. japonicus 중간숙주 중 하나임이 확증되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2019

표고는 동아시아 지역에서 매우 중요한 식용버섯이다. 표고 우량품종을 개발하기 위해 14개 균주를 사용하였고, 단포자교잡을 통해 3,100개의 조합으로부터 1,638개의 교잡계통을 육성하였다. 교잡계통의 톱밥재배 시험결과 364개 계통의 버섯이 발생하였으며, 버섯의 모양과 크기를 기준으로 65개의 우량 후보계통을 최종 선발하였다. 364개 계통 중 주름이 없는 균주는 40개, 대의 모양이 원통형인 균주는 255개, 대 아래쪽이 뭉툭한 형태는 15개, 대 위쪽이 뭉툭한 형태는 94개로 관찰되었다. 10번의 조합을 가진 2462 n1-n10과 3420 n1-n10을 기준으로 했을 때, 65개의 우량한 후보 계통 중 5회 이상 동일 단포자가 포함된 것은 2462 n1, 2462 n2, 2462 n10, 3420 n3 이었다. 이들 단포자 균주들은 표고의 교잡계통을 만드는데 우수한 균주로 판단된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2020

소나무림에서 간벌 강도에 따른 황소비단그물버섯의 균사집단과 genet의 특징에 관하여 알아보고자 34%, 45%, 60%의 강도별 간벌이 이루어진 소나무 목재생산림에서 2018년 발생한 황소비단그물버섯을 대상으로 SSR(Simple sequence repeat) 분석을 실행한 결과 발생한 자실체의 개체수는 34% 간벌지역이 104개체로 다른 처리구 비하여 약 60~100개체 이상 많았다. 34% 간벌 지역에서 발생 균사집단의 형태는 임목을 기준으로 크게 약 5 m 직경의 원형의 형태로 발생하였고 일부 자실체는 바위 위에 약 3~4 cm 두께로 깔려진 낙엽위에 발생하기도 하였다. 45% 간벌 지역에서는 자실체가 6~7 m 범위에서 벌채된 그루터기를 포함하여 무작위적으로 분포되어 있었다. 60% 간벌지역에서는 입목과 입목 사이에 6 m 길이의 폭이 좁은 타원형이나 선형의 형태로 발생하였다. 대조구에서는 총 2개의 자실체가 입목의 근원부 주위에서 발생하였다. 각 처리구에서 SSR 분석결과 Sb-CA1과 Sb-CA3의 maker만이 잡종성을 확인 할 수 있었으며 그 결과 34% 간벌 처리구에서 발생한 황소비단그물버섯은 60% 간벌 처리구에 비하여 He/Ho의 값이 1정도 낮았다. 34% 간벌 처리구에서는 총 20개의 genet이 확인되었고 genet의 크기는 평균 14±11 ㎡ 였다. 단일 자실체로 형성된 genet은 전체 genet의 60% 였다. 45% 간벌 처리구에서는 총 6개의 genet이 확인되었고 평균 크기는 11±12 ㎡ 였다. 단일 자실체로 형성된 genet은 전체 genet의 50% 였다. 60% 간벌 처리구에서는 총 10개의 genet이 확인되었고 genet의 크기는 평균 1.1±0.8 ㎡였다. 단일 자실체로 형성된 genet은 전체 genet의 70%로 나타나 간벌의 강도가 작을수록 균사생장에 의한 genet의 크기는 더 크며 간벌 강도가 클수록 단일 genet의 형성율이 증가되었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2008

The slimness favored trend made students shape up body image by weight control using restrained eating. Many students especially female ones tend to be in eating disorder status. The aim of this study was to find the relation between weight, eating habits and dietary self efficacy in the selected middle school girl students group with high risk eating disorder (7.9%) and the one with low risk eating disorder (24.1%). This study was conducted by EAT-26 questionnaire method and all the data was analyzed by SAS (Statistical Analysis System) program. The results were as follows; The physical condition of eating disorder students (159.5cm height, 50.7kg weight and 97.4% PIBW) was higher and bigger than that of normal students(158.2 cm, 47.2 kg, and 92.6% PIBW). Weight control experience in the high risk group (69.4%) was significantly more frequent than normal group (p<0.001). The gap between actual body weight and desired weight was higher in high risk eating disorder group than in normal group (p<0.001). Dietary self-efficacy score of middle school female students in the high risk eating disorder group was high when they were in temper, in confusion, and after argument. However, when they were in cooking (p<0.01), with friends (p<0.05), in assembling dishes (p<0.01), and with family (p<0.05) the dietary self-efficacy score of high risk group was lower than that of normal group. In the high risk eating disorder group, eating speed was often faster (p<0.05) and overeating rate (p<0.01) was higher than in normal group. In general, EAT-26 score was correlated positively with gap weight, but negatively correlated with dietary self efficacy score(p<0.01). Gap weight and dietary self efficacy were significantly different in normal group. however, there was no relation in high risk eating disorder group. Under the circumstance of high risk eating disorder, as weight and dietary self efficacy did not affect the relation with eating disorder score, when it is determined as eating disorder some other factors besides weight and diet self efficacy seem to affect the eating disorder score. In conclusion, the factors related with eating disorder were gap weight and some items of dietary self efficacy. Thus, correct understanding of healthy weight and dietary self efficacy enhancement require the development of nutrition education contents and the practice of nutrition education.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

The present study describes the spawning ecology and early morphological development of Hemitripterus villosus. The natural spawning ground consisted of bedrock and pebbles was the intertidal coast at Taean (Chungnam) and its depth was about 5~10 m. Spawning period was mainly from the end of October to December, when the water temperature and salinity were $6.0{\sim}15.8^{\circ}C$ and mean 32.0‰, respectively. There were no difference of the body shape and color between female and male of Hemitripterus villosus, however its reproductive organs showed clear differences. The male had tube shaped genital papilla, which was connected with testis, and the female had seminal recepacle, which was the lower part of oviduct connected with ovary. Genital papilla of male came out of its body at spawning period and then male copulated. After copulation, female stored the sperm in its seminal recepacle and fertilized when it spawned. Fertilized eggs were reached 8 cells stage after fertilization at rearing water temperature $8.2{\sim}14.9^{\circ}C$. At 29 hours after fertilization, it reached morula stage, and at 146 hours after fertilization, its embryo was clearly formated. Hatching was begun from 1,488 hours (62 days) after fertilization with $8.2{\sim}14.9^{\circ}C$ water temperature. The newly hatched larvae were 12.99~15.46mm(mean $14.16{\pm}0.65$ mm) in TL (Total Length), and its mouth and anus were open. At 7 days after hatching, its yolk sac was completely absorbed and the myotomes were 15+25=40, measuring 15.23~15.54mm(mean $15.39{\pm}0.22$ mm, n=5) in TL. At 75~80 days after hatching, it was measured mean $30.06{\pm}0.76$ mm in TL, and it had reached the juvenile stage with the complete set of fin rays.