• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2011

In this paper the demand and supply of labor are forecasted over the next 10 years for customized nurturing human resource focused on Manufacturing Industry in Chung-Nam Province. Despite that the industrial structure is rapidly changing, industrial labors are nurturing on the basis of past industrial structure. This research is conducted for reducing mismatched labors throughout forecasting human resources until 2020. As a practical approach, the BLS Methodology is partially utilized. And the previous researches and official statistics data are reviewed. In conclusion, this study presents that more human resources on Manufacturing Industry than other Industries will be needed in Chung-Nam province. In details, it shows that there will be required more Industrial labors for strategic industries for examples, Audio and Video related industry, and Car related industry which is propelling by overall local government. In additions, policy implications are developed by analyzing current status and forecasting the labor demand and supply in the Chung-Nam Manufacturing sector.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 1991

While various fiscal measures have been used to influence regional capital inflow or industrial location, the effect of fiscal variables on labor mobility has been little understood. Understanding the relationship between the composition of local public and urban migration would enhance the city govenment's ability to pursue an appropriate population policy. In order to examine the potential for local public finance to be utilized as a policy tool in directing urban population growth, this paper analyzes the impact of local government financial structure on urban migration. In examining the data on local government finance and the changes in population of Korean cities during the last ten years, it was found that cities with high per capita expenditure in regional development have experienced high population growth rates. In this study migration equations were constructed using various fiscal variables such as the proportion of special account expenditures which are mostly spent for local development purposes, per capita regional development expenditure, degree of local financial independence and per capita net fiscal benefit, along with other explanatory variables. The results of regression analysis showed that city government's regional development expenditure variables have a positive effect on urban net migration and a negative effect on outmigration. Fiscal independence and per capita net fiscal benefit had mixed effects on in and out migration variables, implying that local tax burden does not consistently deter inmigration or induce outmigration. Based on the results of this study some important policy implications can be found regarding local government's fiscal policies. Those cities seeking to attract higher population inflow should make a greater effort in appropriating local expenditures for regional development purposes such as infrastructure, housing, and transportation. city governments should not be too concerned about high local tax burden or necessarily seek to enhance financial independence for these factors do not exert a clear influence on urban population growth or labor supply.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-99
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• 1993

This paper identifies the mechanisms governing the industrial location changes in Korea by focusing upon the emergence of the country's large conglomerate business organizations (chaebols). As the country has distinctive industrial organization, production systems, and government-business relations, this study tries to develop an ideal conceptual framework for the analysis of industrial location changes in Korea. It perceives the Korean economy as a system within which 'space-organizing', lage business organizations interact over time with government, smaller firms and multinational corporations at different geographical scales. The usefulness of the model is assessed using a case study of Korea's most representative chaebol, the Samsung Group. This study identifies chaebols as the dominant institutions in Korean society. Their growth and business strategies have been influenced by the Korean Government through its power to allocate capital resources. Regional dynamics of industry and labor, therfore, have been strongly influenced by changes in the location, industrial structure, and production system of chaebols. With econmic power concentrated within a few giant business groups and their major areas of operation restricted, unbalanced regional development has resulted. Dissatisfaction from residents in less-developed areas has pressured the Government to advise chaebols to disperse their production facilities. Most small and medium-sized firms are closely linked to large corporations through subcontracting. By forming hierarchical subcontracting. By forming hierarchical subcontracting systems, chaebols have indirectly exploited scattered, part-time, home-based, female and lower-paid laborers organized by subcontractors. Further, chaebols have expanded their business arena to encompass overseas locations in a bid to overcome the problem of a small domestic market, trade regulations and increased market, trade regulations and increased labor costs. Through their international business networks Korea's local and regional economies are integrated into the world economy. Indeed, the identification of the changing relationships of chaebols with both the Korean Government and smaller firms is the key to explaining the nations's spatial dyanmics of industry and labor.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2001

Local government takes an active role in the (re)making of local socio-economic space. To support such an argument, the three different actions by the local government of Taegu, urban planning and local industrial districts, the establishment of special educational institutions, and textile festival are analyzed. The division of the city's space into residential, commercial, and industrial area by local government constrained the location of local manufacturing industries. It also forced textile industry to move to the outskirts of Taegu. As the education level in South Korea rose after the late 1970s, the local government of Taegu as well as local industrial capitalists had to do something to acquire a stable supply of labor to local manufacturing industries, particularly textile one. After the late 1970s, the special classes for the education of local workers, especially textile ones were established within vocational high school and company-operated high schools were also built in Taegu. Finally, local government started a program of textile festival in 1985. Through textile festival, local government as well as local textile business people tried to reproduce textile industry as the main economic activity of Taegu.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 1994

Contemporary global space economy is so dynamic that any one specific structural force can not explain the whole dynamic processes or trajectories of spatial industrial development. The major purpose of this paper is extending the traditional notion of industrial districts to functioning and development of new industrial districts with relation to the development of high technology industries. Several dynamic forces, which are dominated in new industrial districts in the modern space economy, are incorporated in the formation and dynamic aspects of new industrial districts. Even though key forces governing Marshallian industrial district are localization of small firms, division of labor between firms, constructive cooperation, and industrial atmosphere, Marshall points out a possibility of growing importance of large firms and non-local networks in the districts with changes of external environments. Some of Italian industrial districts can be regarded as Marshallian industrial districts in broader context, but the role of local authorities or institutions and local embeddedness seem to be more important in the Italian industrial districts. More critical implication form the review of Marshallian industrial districts and Italian industrial districts is that the industrial districts are not a static concept but a dynamic one: small firm based industrial districts can be regarded as only a specific feature evolved over time. Dynamic aspects of new industrial districts are resulting from coexistence of contrasting forces governing the functioning and formation of the districts in contemporary global space economy. The contrasting forces governing new industrial districts are coexistence of flexible and mass production systems, local and global networks, local and non-local embeddedness, and small and large firms. Because of these coexistence of contrasting forces, there are various types of new industrial districts. Nine types of industrial districts are identified based on local/non-local networks and intensity of networks in both suppliers and customers linkages. The different types of new industrial districts are described by differences in production systems, embeddedness, governance, cooperation and competition, and institutional factors. Out of nine types of industrial districts, four types - Marshallian; suppliers hub and spoke; customers hub and spoke; and satellite - are regarded as distinctive new industrial districts and four additional types - advanced hub and spoke types (suppliers and customers) and mature satellites (suppliers and customers) - can be evolved from the distinctive types and may be regarded as hybrid types. The last one - pioneering high technology industrial district - can be developed from the advanced hub and spoke types and this type is a most advanced modern industrial district in the era of globalization and high technology. The dynamic aspects of the districts are related with the coexistence of the contrasting forces in the contemporary global space economy. However, the development trajectory is not a natural one and not all the industrial districts can develop to the other hybrid types. Traditionally, localization of industries was developed by historical chances. In the process of high technology industrial development in contemporary global space economy, however, policy and strategies are critical for the formation and evolution of new industrial districts. It needs formation of supportive tissues of institutions for evolution of dyamic pattern of high technology related new industrial districts. Some of the original distinctive types of new industrial districts can not follow the path or trajectory suggested in this paper and may be declined without advancing, if there is no formation of supportive social structure or policy. Provision of information infrastructure and diffusion of an entrepreneurship through the positive supports of local government, public institutions, universities, trade associations and industry associations are important for the evolution of the dynamic new industrial districts. Reduction of sunk costs through the supports for training and retraining of skilled labor, the formation of flexible labor markets, and the establishment of cheap and available telecommunication networks is also regarded as a significant strategies for dynamic progress of new industrial districts in the era of high technology industrial development. In addition, development of intensive international networks in production, technology and information is important policy issue for formation and evolution of the new industrial districts which are related with high technology industrial development.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Purpose - Transnational corporations (TNCs) have influenced drastic changes (financial services, manufacturing, labor, technology transfer) in Central Eastern Europe (CEE). This paper examines the indirect changes in the CEE pattern of industrial development and market distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - Over 25 years, neighboring (or rival) countries competed to attract TNCs as a double-edged strategy for privatization and debt reduction. Through their experience attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), many countries started to reflect aspects of national capitalism. Countries also began to realize in 2010 that TNCs sought to enter markets with more favorable conditions for export-oriented manufacturing. Results - The analysis reveals that TNC investment strategies were aimed at eliminating local competition to acquire industrial "brown fields" to convert into "green fields." CEE countries have since strengthened their national systems and the support of large-scale state-owned enterprises and small and medium-sized start-up enterprises. Conclusions - CEE has changed based on industrial development and a regional structure of TNC market distribution and associated government policies. The pattern toward flexible markets gives countries the ability to further their economies.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.411-443
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• 2012

The Changes in management environment in SMEs such as rapid development of information communication technology, worldwide expansion of FTAs, enlargement of global outsourcing, etc have changed various aspects in industry-academy or industry-academy-government cooperation. It has been away from the cooperation focused on research and development and industrial training, and advanced to the cooperation focused on the business fields and practices where the executive ability and professionalism are required to commercialize major products of local SMEs. Compared with the existing model, the new model of industry-academy-government cooperation can provide effective and customized supports to local SMEs and expect better performance than ever before through the choice and focus. However, the existing support programs of government and related organizations are just top-down pattern to SMEs. In addition to the development of industrial technology, education and training for labor force and knowledge interchange between industry and university, the new cooperation model would also provide practical tasks such as enhancement of business competences and abilities to cultivate foreign markets. This study deals with Gyeongbuk PRIDE Products support project that is the new model of industry-academy-government cooperation and evaluates the effectiveness of this support project by empirically analyzing the survey results from the target SMEs.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of start-ups by industry based on the theoretical background of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, regional industrial structure and local labor market structure are considered in order to focus on regional factors in addition to economic factors, income factors, and technological innovation factors. As an analyzed result, three theories of entrepreneurship generally agree with the determinants of industry - specific entrepreneurship. During the economic recession, the number of start-ups has increased. The intra-regional consumption and the local government expenditure per capita have also positive effects on the start-up. The incubation center has a positive effect on the start - up in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, the academic-industrial leading various incubation facilities should be activated in addition to the central or local government leading incubation centers, which is a part of the policy to support start-ups of central and local governments. In addition, population growth is a very important factor in terms of potential demand creation, and the characteristics of regional industrial structure and the effect of human capital within the region differ by industry. In the case of the manufacturing industry, the accumulation effect positively influences the start-up of the industry. In other service industries, the human capital variable had the greatest effect on the start-up when all other conditions are constant.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.701-708
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• 2023

Local governments are required to take measures to prevent occupational accidents under Articles 4(2) and 4(3) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and this study suggested the necessity of establishing an IT-based integrated safety and health information sharing system for serious accident reduction and safety and health management through the case of Incheon Metropolitan City. Recently, as local governments have established labor and health ordinances and basic plans, the need for an independent integrated safety and health management system based on local industrial characteristics has increased. It is necessary to establish a cooperation and support system with basic local governments and hub institutions, share integrated safety and health information with related institutions and organizations, and play a pivotal role in regional safety and health management by managing occupational accident statistics and implementing basic policies. The system through local governments' safety and health management will reduce serious accidents in the region, and the comprehensive safety and health management system for small businesses and projects ordered by local governments will strengthen the operability of the site, which will be effective in preventing critical accidents and industrial accidents.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.720-735
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• 2009

This paper studies the characteristics of the restructuring of chemical industrial complex in JiLin city since 1978 focusing on enterprise organization, the process of production, labor, and consumer market. The number of chemical industrial enterprises and their partnership with subcontractors have increased since 2001. As for the type of cooperation group, research institutes and local government are accounted for the greatest portion. The chemical industrial enterprise in JiLin which has adopted Fordism production method still has the highest percentage in 2007. And in the shift process of production system after China's entry into WTO(in 2001), chemical industrial enterprise in JiLin city takes allowing more investment in production technologies as core strategy, while taking improvement in equipment and development of new products as core strategy in the shift process of production technology. The degree of labor re-education was highest in 2007, and as for the relationship between labor and management, enterprises which evaluate the ability of performance of duty are increasing. The characteristics of restructuring of chemical industrial complex on consumer market, domestic market accounted for the greatest portion, on the other side the export is feeble. As for strategy of market restructuring, industrial enterprise in JiLin city should use Quality improvement and high-value added as core strategies to cope with alteration of market.