• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

Interrupted creep tests for investigating the structural degradation during creep were conducted for a Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel in the range of stress from 71 to 167 MPa and temperature from 873 to 923 K. The change of hardness and tempered martensitic lath width was measured in grip and gauge parts of interrupted creep specimens. The lath structure was thermally stable in static conditions. However, it was not stable during creep, and the structural change was enhanced by creep strain. The relation between the change in lath width and creep strain was described quantitatively. The change in Vickers hardness was expressed by a single valued function of creep LCR(life consumption ratio). Based on the empirical relation between strain and lath width, a model was proposed to describe the relation between change in hardness and creep LCR. The comparison of the model with the empirical relation suggests that about 65% of hardness loss is due to the decrease of dislocation density accompanied by the movement of lath boundaries. The role of precipitates on subboundaries was discussed in connection with the abnormal subgrain growth appearing in low stress regime.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.79-92
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the various perspectives to read micro-history of Korean housing after the period of Opening the Port for foreigners. This study were designed to adapt original theory for exploring the unique housing perspectives without using strict basic assumption which were already developed in the area of sociology, history, anthropology and philosophy. Research method applied was literature review. Each perspective might give useful insight to read the micro-history of Korean housing on the way of change after the Period of Opening the Port in Korea. Adapted perspectives to housing history were critical theory perspective, microsociological perspective, everyday life perspective(phenomenology tradition, symbolic interaction tradition, Marxist tradition), discourse perspective, exchange theory perspective, conflict theory perspective, and life course perspective. Conclusively, each perspective must be adapted multi-supportively to read the housing phenomena, because housing change derived from complex causes and factors. The fruit of this study was to ensure the adaptable viewpoint to housing were useful to read the micro-history of housing change.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.63-66
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• 1995

Our natural desire to exuviate old theory and search for new ideas means conversion and reformation. Howev-er, the new idea of the present moment will soon become an ancient history when the next generation emerges with more advanced ideas. Naturally, we have learned to accept the past history and utilized it as a the foundation for the future. Through the repeated process of the learning method, the popula-tion cultivate themselves with proper understanding and appropriate attitude toward design. By analyzing social behaviors of the past and living conditions, we can ex-pand our imaginations beyond limits. Each society and its local condition have tremendous effects on the develop-ment and progress of artistic theories, techniques and craftsmanship, and potential design of every day use products. Today, interior design can not afford to ignore the or-ganic relationship of life style and space. Thus, the plan-ning of space means the planning of life style. Life style, as it is, has a vast definition and changes with time. That is why spaces, which consider the life style and its environment when designed, show different aspects ac-cording to its corresponding time. Interior design, in particular, differs by time and re-gion to create its unique style. The change in space is the natural result of the change in life style which again is sensitive to the change in cultural and environmental elements. Design is no longer designing of mere physical elements and environment. Design should be taken as the equivalent of creating spiritual culture.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.114-126
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean thermality index (KTI) based on the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates according to altitude and latitude. Analyzing seasonal data (4,853 sampling units) surveyed and collected during 2007 ~ 2011 at 846 sites in South Korea, we estimated thermal valency, thermal value and indicator weight value of 208 species. Among them, 40 species in 6 orders (Decapoda 1 species, Collembola 1 species, Ephemeroptera 5 species, Plecoptera 17 species, Diptera 3 species, Trichoptera 13 species) were selected as the candidate indicator species sensitive and vulnerable to warmth along with climate change. KTI and Benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) were tested at three clean streams (Hangye stream, Buk stream and Bangtae stream). KTI showed significant differences according to altitude and water temperature whereas the saprobity index BMI showed little differences. This result means that KTI can be applicable to assess the impact of water temperature independently of organic pollutants.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2020

PURPOSE. Prevention of xerostomia and stress is important to prolong healthy life expectancy and improve the quality of life. We aimed to investigate the effects of tongue rotation exercise for increasing salivary secretions and stabilizing salivary stress hormone levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty four participants without subjective oral dryness were enrolled. The exercises comprised tongue rotation exercise and empty chewing. The salivary stress hormone level was measured using a Salivary Amylase Monitor. Unstimulated whole saliva volume and salivary amylase activity were measured before tongue rotation exercise or empty chewing and subsequently 5, 10, and 15 minutes after these exercises. Differences in the rates of change of unstimulated whole saliva volume and salivary amylase activity were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. RESULTS. Statistically significant differences among the rates of change were not observed after empty chewing for unstimulated whole saliva volume and salivary amylase activity at the four measurement times. However, the rate of change of unstimulated whole saliva volume and salivary amylase activity were statistically significantly different among the four time points: before the tongue rotation exercise and 5, 10, and 15 minutes post-exercise (P<.05 and P<.01, respectively). CONCLUSION. Tongue rotation is effective in increasing saliva secretion, reducing stress, improving oral function, and extending healthy life expectancy.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.279-298
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop home economics educational programs on the theme of 'improving consumer life' for sustainable development. It is a program to enhance the changemaker mindset for responsible production and consumption among the 17 goals of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). The program was developed 8 that to make solar cookers, make household goods from recycled materials, change maker-practice green life, eco-friendly journal 1, plastic warnings, design alternatives for disposable products, change maker-efforts and eco-friendly journal 2. The developed program was validated 3 times by a group of experts and students. This program has the following features. First, the Home Economics Education(HEE) program under the theme of 'Improving consumer life' for sustainable development are carried out at the stage of change-maker education with project-based process. It can improve students' collaboration skills, self-directed skills, communication skills and problem solving skills. Second, eight programs can increase understanding and interest in sustainable development, and learners are interested in social issues. This program can raise learners who play an active role in solving social problems by increasing their interest and interest in the class, free from the form of passive classes. Third, the HEE programs under the theme of 'Improving consumer life' for sustainable development are meaningful in that they are closely related to students' lives and encourage them to practice in their own lives. Fourth, since the program is well-suited to the present time and includes content elements for sustainable development, it can induce changes in learners' perceptions, attitudes and behaviors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

Since environmental problems were globalized, discussions on 'Sustainable Development' started from Rio Declaration on Environment and Development(Rio Agenda 21). In Korea, the idea of 'Green Growth' was introduced and generalized since the celebration speech made on 8.15(Independence Day of South Korea) on 2008. And Low Carbon- Green Growth Basic Law was established on 2010. There are 3 strategies and 10 sub-tasks to achieve green country-traffic and green revolution of life. Family resource management is capable of changing life style from energy wasty to ecologically green. The value of family resource management plays a critical role in changing the lifestyle through influencing the goal and standard setting. So, this study is aimed to suggest the green value and green way of life from the perspective of family resource management. Results are as follow. First, the green value is to change from 'material-oriented' to 'people-oriented'. The 'material-oriented value pursues pleasure from possessing, but the 'people-oriented' value pursues pleasure from being itself. Second, the change from the value of 'human-mastery of the nature' to the value of 'mother -nature' is necessary. The value of 'human-mastery of the nature' seeks pleasure from the velocity and tangible outcome. But the value of 'mother- nature' seeks pleasure from the time to relax and slow way of life. 'Third, the change from the value of 'individualism' to the value of 'community sprit' is necessary. Individualism focuses on man's achievement, which may fall into family egoism. And the green way of life suggests the change from 'results-oriented' to 'enjoy the process itself", from 'consumption' to 'ecological restoration' and from 'work to home and then home to community'.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 1986

This study was carried out to determine the mortality level and it's related demographic factors in Korea since 1942. In order to clarify the changes in structure of mortality and the causes of death, the indices such as Crude Death Rate(CDR) or Life Expectancy at Birth were used. The author examined the mortality levels and major causes of death and performed the relevant demographic analysis. The followings are the summary of this study: 1. The CDR declined rapidly till 1960's. Such improvement slowed down from 1960's to mid 1970's and stabilized afterwards. It was due to the change of age composition, namely, the increase of aging population. 2. The Life Expectancy at Birth increased rapidly till mid 1960's. But elongation of the Life Expectancy slowed down after then. Especially in female, it slowed down more. 3. Changing patterns of major causes of death summarize that, till 1960's infectious diseases were major causes of death, but recently non-infectious diseases like chronic degenerative diseases became more prevalent. 4. The elongation of Life Expectancy at Birth till mid 1960's was mainly resulted by $_4{q}_1$. But the major contributing factor of the improvement in Life Expectancy at Birth in female is he reduction of $_$\infty${q}_{50}$ recently. In male, the improvement in Life Expectancy at Birth is due to the reduction of $_1{q}_0$. recently. 5. The age-sex-specific mortality rates revealed that $_n{q}_x$ declined in common throughout the period, even though there exists some variability of their ranges as age changes. Consequently, this study seems to suggest that the demographic transition in Korea occurred between late 1960's and early 1970's. In other words, the rapid change before late 1960's was eased in early 1970's. The slow change in this period caused a stabilizing pattern. Therefore, the population change is expected to be stabilized continuously.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.526-534
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to classify the degree of change of job discrimination of the disabled according to time and to identify factors affecting life satisfaction according to each type. For this study, data from the 3rd to 8th year of the employment panel for the disabled were used and 1,227 data were used. The longitudinal profile of the disabled person's discrimination was classified through latent profile growth analysis(LPGA), and then influential factors were verified through binomial logistic regression analysis. First, the types of change of the job discrimination of the disabled were represented as the decrease group and the increase group. The factors influencing the job discrimination were the degree of disability, chronic diseases, gross income, and life satisfaction. Second, the factors of predicting the life satisfaction according to the types of job discrimination of the disabled are as follows: job discrimination, decrease and increase group have higher life satisfaction as the self - esteem and socioeconomic status are higher. Based on these results, this study suggested the implications of this study to cope with the discrimination of the workplace with the disabled.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.111-121
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find methods for logo renewal design according to the brand life cycle, considering the logo as an important visual tool that represents the brand identity in terms of brand management. This study was conducted through literature study on brand life cycle and brand renewal strategy, an expert survey on logo renewal design, and logo analysis of 35 food and beverage brands with statistical data to determine brand life cycle. The results of the study are three. First, the four stages(introduction, growth, maturity, and decline) of brand life cycle characteristics and renewal strategies were derived. Second, four brand renewal strategies(partial change, total change, repositioning, new image creation) and methods for logo renewal design were proposed based on the life cycle of the brand. Based on this, renewal characteristics for each life cycle were proposed. Third, visual elements of identity that are important depending on the brand life cycle and brand renewal strategy were found. It was found that the addition and subtraction of graphic elements and change of color tone are important in the partial change strategy of the growth period and maturity period, and that the change of signature color is important in the repositioning strategy and the creation of the new image.