• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2000

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1699-1709
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• 2004

Genetic variations and relationship based on the sequences of cpDNA trnL-F gene, nrDNA ITS and ETS region among the twenty four taxa including Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its related species were investigated. And taxonomic status and molecular phylogenetic relationship between P. ginseng and related groups were discussed. Molecular systematic data from cpDNA and nrDNA sequences were very useful to elucidate the genetic variations and relationships among the treated taxa. It was found that P. ginseng is the independent unique species with distinct genetic limitation from the related species such as P. quinquefolius, P. japonicum, P. notoginseng and P. pseudoginseng. P. ginseng including cultivated types as well as wild ones formed monophyletic group with high genetic similarities. P. quinquefolius and P. japonicum were the most related sister groups of P. ginseng based on the molecular phylogenetic results in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.5 s.92
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• pp.485-491
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• 2006

It is widely known that Environmental Tobacco Smoke(ETS) is not good for health. ETS is composed of a lot of chemicals. So indicators are needed to evaluate the risk of ETS in air. One of the indicators is Nicotine. Active sampler has been used to measure nicotine concentration in air. The experiments were conducted to compare the active sampler method with diffusive sampler in exposure chamber and smoking areas, respectively. Sampling rate was 40.5 ml/min in exposure chamber. Experimental sampling rate (40.5 ml/min) was more than theoretical sampling rate (33.52 ml/min). And the higher was the concentration in air, the higher was experimental sampling rate. The average desorption, rate was 113.6%. The overall precision was 7.31 %. The overall accuracy was 18.96%, which were under NIOSH criteria. The average(GM) concentrations of nicotine by two sampling methods were $8.29{\mu}g/m^{3}$ (active sampler), $7.54{\mu}/m^{3}$ (diffusive sampler) in smoking area and smoking room. There was no regression between active sampler and diffusive sampler ($R^{2}=0.2397$). But slope, coefficient of determination was 1.017, 0.9292, respectively after removing outliers. And the slope (1.017) was close to the theoretical slope (1). In conclusion, this study indicated that diffusive sampler can be used to evaluate concentration of nicotine in air instead of active sampler.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.295-299
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the level urine cotinine and periodontal diseases in Korea adults. The date from the 2014, 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used, and 5,146 subjects over 30 years were included in the analysis. Periodontal disease was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. There was a 2.08-fold (95% CI; 1.73-2.05) increased in the odds of periodontal disease for those with any ETS exposure compared with those with non-smokers following adjustment for sex, age, education, and income. The level of urine cotinine also showed a dose-dependent increase in extent of periodontal disease. Among persons in the Korea who had never used tobacco, those exposed to ETS were more likely to have periodontal disease than were those not exposed to ETS. In the future, voluntary compliance of smokers to measures to reduce ETS exposure should be encouraged.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 2014

Nanocomposites made of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and organo-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) were processed by melt compounding from a commercially available premixed LLDPE/nanoclay masterbatch, at different nanoclay loadings, by co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The morphological and dielectric properties of LLDPE/O-MMT nanocomposites were investigated to understand the structure-dielectric properties relationship in the nanocomposites. The microstructures of the materials were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Initial findings by FTIR spectroscopy characterization indicated the absence of any chemical interaction between LLDPE and nanoclay during the extrusion process, while DSC showed that a 1% wt loading of nanoclay particles increased the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites samples. On the other hand, XRD, SEM, TEM and AFM indicated that nanoclay layers were intercalated or exfoliated in the LLDPE matrix. A correlation between the structure and dielectric properties of LLDPE/O-MMT nanocomposites was found and discussed.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

High-energy ball milling was tested as a method for producing Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)- based nanodielectrics containing 1 wt% and 5 wt% OctaIsoButylPOSS (OibPOSS). Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were used to explore the compatibility between OibPOSS and PE. Several ball milling variables were optimized in a bid to achieve UHMWPE/OibPOSS nanodielectrics. The morphology, as well as the thermal and the dielectric properties of the samples, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and progressive-stress breakdown tests. The results showed that (i) ball milling was an effective method for producing UHMWPE/OibPOSS dielectric composites, but appeared ineffective in dispersing OibPOSS at the nanoscale, and (ii) the resulting UHMWPE/OibPOSS dielectric composites presented thermal and dielectric properties similar to those of neat UHMWPE.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.175-181
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• 2014

In this paper, the simulation and modeling of a polyethylene/clay nanocomposite were undertaken to predict the nanocomposite's dielectric behavior and to help design a nanocomposite material with optimum electrical properties for electrotechnical or electronic applications. A 3-D simulation model using the finite elements method was employed in order to study the effective permittivity and electric field distribution of two-phase nanocomposite materials for ordered and random distributions of inclusions in a low-loss host matrix such as polyethylene. The influence of the dispersion of reinforcing particles, and of the permittivity and radius of the inclusions, was analysed. The simulation results were compared with alternative, known theoretical solutions obtained from classical models, and were found to be in good agreement. The numerical results also indicate that for fixed volume fractions of nanoparticles the effective permittivity of the mixture, for ordered and random distributions, does not vary with the degree of dispersion. The variation of the effective permittivity with the particle radius is shown, using numerical data, to agree with the analytical modules.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in vitro human digestion on the antioxidant activity of blueberry leaf extracts (BLE) in emulsion-type sausages (ETS). Leaves from four cultivars of blueberries (Bluecrop, Bluegold, Duke, and Northland) collected from a wild blueberry farm were extracted with 80% ethanol. ETS were prepared with 0.2% BLE. The samples were then passed through an in vitro human digestion system which simulates the composition of the mouth, stomach, and small intestine juice. Only one phenolic compound (chlorogenic acid) was detected in the BLE. Northland BLE had appreciably higher amounts of chlorogenic acid than that of other BLE, both before and after in vitro human digestion. Antioxidant activity of any BLE was not influenced by in vitro human digestion, whereas the antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid standard increased in response to in vitro human digestion in both 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). In the present study, the antioxidant activities of the BLE were not strongly influenced by in vitro human digestion, and the antioxidant activity depended on the chlorogenic acid content of ETS. Thus, compounds from blueberry leaves may have important applications in the future as natural antioxidants for meat products.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5219-5243
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• 2019

In electronic ticketing system, the malicious behavior of scalpers damages the customer's interest and disturbs the normal order of market. In order to solve the problem of scalpers, we took two steps. Firstly, we established the electronic ticketing system based on the consortium blockchain (CB-ETS). By establishing CB-ETS, we can make the ticketing market develop better in a controlled environment and be managed by the members in the consortium blockchain. Secondly, we put forward a kind of taxation mechanism for suppressing scalpers based on CB-ETS. Together with the regulatory mechanism, our scheme can effectively reduce the scalpers' profits and further inhibit scalpers. Through the above two steps, the scheme can effectively resist the malicious behavior of scalpers. Among them, in the process of transferring tickets, we optimized the transfer mechanism to achieve a win-win situation. Finally, we analyzed the security and efficiency of our scheme. Our scheme realizes the anonymity through the mixed currency protocol based on ring signature and guarantees the unforgeability of tickets by multi-signature in the process of modifying the invalidity of tickets. It also could resist to Dos attacks and Double-Spending attacks. The efficiency analysis shows that our scheme is significantly superior to relevant works.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.19-32
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• 2005