• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권3호통권99호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2007

Life-style factors often include social relationships as well as consumption, entertainment and dress patterns. They also typically reflect an individual's attitudes, values and worldview. Life-style types have become and an important factor for segmenting customer markets ever since significant relationships between life-style and customers' behavior was proven. This study examined the relationships between the life-styles of young customers' and the important attributes of foodservice encounters. Factors analysis with VARIMAX and K-means cluster analysis were conducted to group the subjects by life-style. According to the factors analysis, four underlying dimensions were identified and labeled: (1) 'actively fashioned', (2) 'luxury picky', (3) 'healthy toward', and (4) 'utilitarian leisure'. Based on the factor scores derived from the factors analysis, the K-means cluster analysis classified three groups as statistically significant using ANOVA(p<0.05). The overall mean score for the 3rd cluster 'trendy-active picky' was higher than the other two clusters, and represented very picky attitudes about foodservice attributes. The 3rd cluster also seemed to apply higher standards to all of the foodservice attributes. By order of importance, the most important attributes of the 2nd cluster 'pursue-utilitarian leisure' were food serving time, automation systems, server's hygienes, employee kindness, time in line, and menu variety. In spite of low concerns for the life-style attributes, the first cluster 'passively indifferent' recognized menu variety, food sanitation, food serving time, server's hygiene, menu price, air circulation, and room temperature as important. These results suggest that young diners in Korea could be classified by their diverse life-styles that are represented as trendy, utilitarian, and indifferent and will hopefully contribute to the foodservice industry's ability to segment customer characteristics by different life-styles in Korea.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.615-627
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• 2014

본 연구는 비계층적 K-평균 군집분석을 이용하여 보행자사고와 토지이용특성에 따른 지방자치단체의 유형을 분류하고 유형별 보행자사고의 세부특성을 Mann-Whitney U검증과 Kruskal-Wallis 검증을 이용하여 분석한 다음 그 결과로부터 보행환경 조성사업에 대한 개선방안을 제안하였다. 지역은 행정시와 행정구를 제외한 기초지방자치단체를 기준으로 230개 시 군 구로 구분된다. 비계층적 K-평균 군집분석 결과 230개 지방자치단체는 유형 1-A(상업지가 상대적으로 우세한 도시형), 유형 1-B(주거지가 우세한 도시형), 유형 2(농촌형)로 분류되었으며, 지자체 유형별 보행자사고 차이 검증결과 9m 미만 생활형 도로의 보행자사고 발생율은 공통적으로 60% 이상으로 도시형에 비해 농촌형에서 발생할 비율이 더 높았다. 또한 유형별로 유형 1-B는 교차로 내 보행자사고 사상자수가 많고 횡단 중 사고 비율도 높은 반면 길가장자리구역 통행 중 보행자 사상자수 비율은 유형 2에 해당하는 농촌형이 가장 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1047-1052
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• 2004

The genomes of Chinese native chicken populations were screened using microsatellites as molecular markers. A total of, 528 individuals comprisede12 Chinese native chicken populations were typed for 7 microsatellite markers covering 5 linkage groups and genetic variations and genetic distances were also determined. In the 7 microsatellite loci, the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7 per locus and the mean number of alleles was 4.6 per locus. By using fuzzy cluster, 12 Chinese native chicken populations were divided into three clusters. The first cluster comprised Taihe Silkies, Henan Game Chicken, Langshan Chicken, Dagu Chicken, Xiaoshan Chicken, Beijing Fatty Chicken and Luyuan Chicken. The second cluster included Chahua Chicken, Tibetan Chicken, Xianju Chicken and Baier Chicken. Gushi Chicken formed a separate cluster and demonstrated a long distance when comparing with other chicken populations.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Purpose - The primary purpose of this study is to employ effective marketing methods using market segmentation of coffee shops by determining how motivations to visit coffee shops have different impacts on demographic profile of visitors and characteristics of coffee shop visits, so as to draw out a better understanding of customers of coffee market. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected using surveys of self-administered questionnaires toward coffee shop users in Daejeon, Korea. A number of samples used in data analysis were 253 excluding unusable responses. The data were analyzed through frequency, reliability, and factor analysis using SPSS 20.0. Factor analysis was conducted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation method to derive factors of one or more eigen values. In addition, the cluster analysis, multivariate ANOVA, and cross-tab analysis were used for the market segmentation based on the types of motivation for coffee shop visits. The process of the cluster analysis is as follows. Four clusters were derived through hierarchical clustering, and k-means cluster analysis was then carried out using mean value of the four clusters as the initial seed value. Result - The factor analysis delineated four dimensions of motivation to visit coffee shops: ostentation motivation, hedonic motivation, esthetic motivation, utility motivation. The cluster analysis yielded four clusters: utility and esthetic seekers, hedonic seekers, utility seekers, ostentation seekers. In order to further specify the profile of four clusters, each cluster was cross tabulated with socio-demographics and characteristics of coffee shop visits. Four clusters are significantly different from each other by four types of motivations for coffee shop visits. Conclusions - This study has empirically examined the difference in demographic profile of visitors and characteristics of coffee shop visits by motivation to visit coffee shops. There are significant differences according to age, education background, marital status, occupation and monthly income. In addition, coffee shops use pattern characterization in frequency of visits to coffee shops, relationships with companion, purpose of visit, information sources, brand type, average expense per visit, important elements of selection attribute were significantly different depending on motivations for coffee shop visits.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

Because reservoirs that supply irrigation water play an important role in water resource management, it is necessary to evaluate the vulnerability of this particular water supply resource. The purpose of this study is to provide water supply risk maps of agricultural reservoirs in South Korea using irrigation vulnerability model and cluster analysis. To quantify water supply risk, irrigation vulnerability indices are estimated to evaluate the performance of the water supply on the agricultural reservoir system using a probability theory and reliability analysis. First, the irrigation vulnerability probabilities of 1,346 reservoirs managed by Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were analyzed using meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations over the past 30 years (1981-2010). Second, using the K-mean method of non-hierarchical cluster analysis and pre-simulation approach, cluster analysis was applied to classify into three groups for characterizing irrigation vulnerability in reservoirs. The morphology index, watershed area, irrigated area, and ratio between watershed and irrigated area are selected as the clustering analysis parameters. It is suggested that the water supply risk map be utilized as a basis for the establishment of risk management measures, and could provide effective information for a reasonable decision making on drought risk mitigation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary patterns and compare dietary patterns using cluster and factor analysis in Korean adults. This study analyzed data of 4,182 adult populations who aged 30 and more and had all of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data from 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Socio-demographic data was assessed by questionnaire and dietary data from 24-hour recall method was used. For cluster analysis, the percent of energy intake from each food group was used and 4 patterns were identified: "traditional", "bread, fruit & vegetable, milk", "noodle & egg", and "meat, fish, alcohol". The "traditional" pattern group was more likely to be old, less educated, living in a rural area and had higher percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates than other pattern groups. "Meat, fish, alcohol" group was more likely to be male and higher percentage of energy intake from fat. For factor analysis, mean amount of each food group was used and also 4 patterns were identified; "traditional", "modified", "bread, fruit, milk", and "noodle, egg, mushroom". People who showed higher factor score of "traditional" pattern were more likely to be elderly, less educated, and living in a rural area and higher proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates. In conclusion, three dietary patterns defined by cluster and factor analysis separately were similar and all dietary patterns were affected by socio-demographic factors and nutrient profile.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

본 연구는 지상라이다 자료에서 얻어진 색상정보(R, G, B)와 반사강도정보(I)를 동시에 이용하여 이를 통계학적 분류기법으로 서로의 연관성을 분석하여 라이다 자료에 대한 분류방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 우선 변수 R,G,B 및 I를 사용하여 분산 을 극대화하는 요인을 추출하여 주요인과 각 변수들 간의 요인행렬을 산출하였다. 그러나 요인행렬은 기초자료를 축소시켜 보여주기는 하지만, 이로부터 어떤 변수들이 어떤 요인에 의해 높게 관계되는지 명확하게 알기 어렵기 때문에 직각회전방식 중에서 Varimax방법을 이용하여 회전된 요인행렬을 구하여 요인점수를 산출하였다. 그리고 비 계층적 군집화 방법인 K-평균법을 이용하여 요인분석으로 산출된 요인점수에 대하여 군집분석을 실시한 후, 지상라이다 자료의 분류 정확도를 평가하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to survey the distribution patterns of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and formaldehyde in the various indoor environments using cluster analysis. We investigated VOCs and formaldehyde in subway stations, underground shopping areas, medical centers, maternity recuperation centers, public childcare centers, large stores, funeral houses, and indoor parking lots from June,2005 to May,2006. Concentration of TVOCs in maternity recuperations was 2,605.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$ that was higher than the guideline and other facilities. TVOCs in public childcare centers was 1,951.6 ${\mu}g/m^3$ also it exceeded the guideline. Moreover, concentration of TVOCs in every facility exceeded the guideline of Department of Environment, Korea. In case of formaldehyde, mean concentration, 336.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$, in only public childcare centers exceeded the 120 ${\mu}g/m^3$ of the guideline. Finally, by applying cluster analysis, three pattterns of the indoor air pollutions were distinguished. In the results of analysis, concentrations of TVOCs and formaldehyde of cluster 3 were higher than cluster 1 and 2 that were 2,561.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and 184.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the changes in consumer competencies according to the types of shopping value, (2) to reveal the effects of shopping value on consumer competencies. The subjects of this study were 266 university students dwelling in Seoul. A questionnaire was used as the survey method. The data was analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, frequencies, percentile, mean, factor analysis, K-mean cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests, multiple linear regressions. Computations were conducted by SPSS WIN 12.0. The study produced the following results. First, college students can be categorized into 3 shopping values by K-means Cluster analysis of 13 items: the hedonic shopper (shopping value), the utilitarian shopper (shopping value) and the balanced shopper (shopping value). Second, there were significant differences in grades, satisfaction with life and shopping value. That is, grade 3and utilitarian shopping value group had a higher level of consumer competency. Third, the variable that influenced consumer competency was the utilitarian shopping value, influencing consumer attitude and consumer skill. These results imply that consumers should be constantly educated and that there needs to be a campaign to promote utilitarian shopping value.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.139-157
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• 2010

This study investigated the cognitive process of 5-year-old children, with a particular focus on gender, monthly age, and their tendencies towards hyperactivity through the performance of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS; Das & Naglieri, 1997). The children with tendencies towards hyperactivity were identified based on Conners Teachers' Rating Scale (CTRS). The subjects were 75 five-year-old children in Seoul and surrounding metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and by K-mean cluster analysis. Our results were as follows : (1) The CAS and CTRS' sub-factors were correlated negatively, except the positive correlation between planning factor and hyperactivity factor. (2) Girls exhibited significantly higher CAS scores in planning & sequential processing than boys. (3) The upper monthly age group (68-71 months) showed significantly higher score in terms of planning than the lower monthly age group (60-63 months). (4) The CAS scores of the children with tendencies towards hyperactivity was lower than that of normal children. (5) The CAS profile of 5-year-old children was divided into 4 groups with distinctive characteristics by means of K-mean cluster analysis.